Rapid population growth requires more intense production of food industry, with two major consequences: significant amount of food processing residues and more sewage sludge originating from biological wastewater treatment plant. Sludge is a big concern for the disposal for wastewater treatment plant. The European Union makes an effort regarding the reduction of organic fractions disposed at a landfill. Composting is a cost-effective and ecological-friendly alternative for managing biodegradable organic fractions. Experiments of co-composting of sewage sludge, green waste and food waste, at carbon/nitrogen ratios 8.75, 18.00 and 24.90, were performed during three months by monitoring temperature, pH, moisture, carbon and nitrogen proportion, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and germination index. The results showed that co-composting of sewage sludge, green waste, and food waste is effective and results in the production of quality compost.

Simple Summary Recently, the interactions between microbiota and the host have been reported to induce the onset and progression of human cancer via epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast, some microorganisms can protect against cancer growth, indicating an anticancer therapeutic action of such microbiota. In the review, we summarize findings from the literature, exploring the underlying mechanisms by which pathogenic microorganisms induce EMT. We also highlight the potential of exploiting these complex interactions for developing new biological therapies. Abstract Advancement in the development of molecular sequencing platforms has identified infectious bacteria or viruses that trigger the dysregulation of a set of genes inducing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) event. EMT is essential for embryogenesis, wound repair, and organ development; meanwhile, during carcinogenesis, initiation of the EMT can promote cancer progression and metastasis. Recent studies have reported that interactions between the host and dysbiotic microbiota in different tissues and organs, such as the oral and nasal cavities, esophagus, stomach, gut, skin, and the reproductive tract, may provoke EMT. On the other hand, it is revealed that certain microorganisms display a protective role against cancer growth, indicative of possible therapeutic function. In this review, we summarize recent findings elucidating the underlying mechanisms of pathogenic microorganisms, especially the microbiota, in eliciting crucial regulator genes that induce EMT. Such an approach may help explain cancer progression and pave the way for developing novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.

In the era of plastic pollution, plants have been discarded as a system that is not affected by micro and nanoplastics, but contrary to beliefs that plants cannot absorb plastic particles, recent research proved otherwise. The presented review gives insight into known aspects of plants' interplay with plastics and how plants' ability to absorb plastic particles can be utilized to remove plastics from water and soil systems. Microplastics usually cannot be absorbed by plant root systems due to their size, but some reports indicate they might enter plant tissues through stomata. On the other hand, nanoparticles can enter plant root systems, and reports of their transport via xylem to upper plant parts have been recorded. Bioaccumulation of nanoplastics in upper plant parts is still not confirmed. The prospects of using biosystems for the remediation of soils contaminated with plastics are still unknown. However, algae could be used to degrade plastic particles in water systems through enzyme facilitated degradation processes. Considering the amount of plastic pollution, especially in the oceans, further research is necessary on the utilization of algae in plastic degradation. Special attention should be given to the research concerning utilization of algae with restricted algal growth, ensuring that a different problem is not induced, "sea blooming", during the degradation of plastics.

Introduction: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and mouse mammary tumor virus-like virus (MMTV-like virus) can be present and contribute to breast cancer development and progression. However, the role of these oncoviruses and their crosstalk in breast cancer is still unclear. Methods: We explored the co-presence of high-risk HPVs, EBV, and MMTV-like virus in 74 breast cancer samples from Qatar using PCR. Results: We found the presence of HPV and EBV in 65% and 49% of our cancer sample cohorts; 47% of the samples are positive for both oncoviruses. The MMTV-like virus alone was detected in 15% of the samples with no significant association with clinicopathological features. The three oncoviruses were co-present in 14% of the cases; no significant association was noted between the co-presence of these viruses and the clinicopathological features. Conclusion: Despite the presence of the oncoviruses, additional studies are necessary to understand their interactions in human breast carcinogenesis.

Pathological gambling and alcoholism are addictions with many common characteristics. Unfortunately, this suggests that a person who is prone to developing an addiction very often develops another addiction, or addictive behavior, over time. In this way, a person with a gambling problem can very often develop an addiction to alcohol, just as an alcoholic can develop a pathological gambling problem over time. Factors influencing the development of addiction, alcoholism in gamblers or gambling in alcoholics, are not only characteristics of an individual prone to addiction, but also external, social factors; gambling sites most often include bars while many bars have gambling machines. In this case report, we present one such example, through all stages of its development to treatment, and this includes diagnosis, treatment and post-hospital follow-up. The treatment for these addictions differs, because alcoholism also requires detoxification. However, when realistic and achievable goals are set, as well as triggers identified and the person's awareness is enhanced, alongside educating and engagement of the individual through functional and adequate behaviors, treatment can be very successful. The probability of relapse exists in both forms of addiction, however, it increases significantly if a person has both addictions.

Self-inserted urethrovesical foreign bodies are rare in children. A 7-year-old boy inserted a hairpin into the urethra seven days before admission, a diagnosis that was made on the basis of the appearance of blood in the urine, palpation of the base of the penis and two directional X-ray imaging. Cystourethroscopy and suprapubic cystotomy were used to remove the foreign body.The presentation of urethrovesical foreign bodies can vary widely, as can the type of object inserted. Definitive treatment is usually the endoscopic removal, however occasionally surgical intervention may be required. Our novel approach enabled less traumatic removal of the hairpin

En-bloc tumor resection is the standard treatment for locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). An extensive histopathological assessment is necessary to evaluate the metastatic spread and adjuvant therapy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy decreases the histopathological burden when only sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are examined. This study aims to evaluate the spread of a magnetic tracer throughout the lymphatic system after ex vivo injection in en-bloc resected specimens of patients with CRC. To achieve this, lymph nodes (LNs) were quantified using a new magnetic detection method. Fifteen patients with CRC diagnosed with clinically negative LNs were included in this study and received 2–4 ex vivo magnetic tracer injections (total volume of 2[Formula: see text]mL). Magnetic sample series were acquired to create a look-up table for magnetic tracer quantification. In 80% of the patients, at least one magnetic LN was detected. A total of 33 LNs were marked as magnetic, containing an average of 8.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g iron. In 71% of the patients, metastases were found in nonmagnetic LNs. Ex vivo injection leads to sub-optimal tracer spread and therefore inaccurate diagnosis. This study presents a novel magnetic detection method to quantify magnetic tracer in lymph nodes. Detecting the SLNs in en-bloc resected specimens and involving only these LNs in histopathological investigation enable a decrease in healthcare costs or an increased diagnostic potential.

Introduction: Sexual satisfaction is the pleasure an individual feels both physically and psychologically, and is the result of erotic experiences, thoughts, dreams, and autoeroticism. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to present the determinants of sexual satisfaction among Bosnian and Herzegovinian women. Methods: The survey was conducted on 387 Bosnian and Herzegovinian women via online questionnaire that consisted of demographic data and 17 statements. The validated questionnaire was used with some adaptations and contained a 5-point Likert scale for each statement, ranging from “not at all satisfied” to “extremely satisfied.” The inclusion criteria were: (a) Age 18–60 years; and (b) completion of the questionnaire as personal consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Results: Data collection was conducted from July 2020 to September 2020. The realization rate of the sample was 24.19%. Most of the participants have a high school diploma, most are between 18 and 24 years old and most are currently married. Thirty-five percent of women sometimes experience pain during intercourse (less than half the time). The lower half of the vagina (from the vaginal entrance to the half of the vagina) and the lower part of the abdomen are usually most affected. A relationship was found between the number of children and sexual satisfaction. Women without children were the most satisfied with their sexual life, followed by women who had only one or two children. Conclusions: Every woman has the right to feel sexual satisfaction. The complexity of sexual satisfaction is reflected in many determinants and factors that can influence it positively and negatively.

Circular peptides are attractive lead compounds for drug development; this study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of defined root powder extracts and isolated peptides (called cyclotides) from Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson (‘ipecac’). Changes in the viability, proliferation and function of activated human primary T cells were analysed using flow cytometry-based assays. Three distinct peptide-enriched extracts of pulverised ipecac root material were prepared via C18 solid-phase extraction and analysed by reversed-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry. These extracts induced caspase 3/7 dependent apoptosis, thus leading to a suppressed proliferation of activated T cells and a reduction of the number of cells in the G2 phase. Furthermore, the stimulated T cells had a lower activation potential and a reduced degranulation capacity after treatment with ipecac extracts. Six different cyclotides were isolated from C. ipecacuanha and an T cell proliferation inhibiting effect was determined. Furthermore, the degranulation capacity of the T cells was diminished specifically by some cyclotides. In contrast to kalata B1 and its analog T20K, secretion of IL-2 and IFN- γ was not affected by any of the caripe cyclotides. The findings add to our increased understanding of the immunomodulating effects of cyclotides, and may provide a basis for the use of ipecac extracts for immunomodulation in conditions associated with an exessive immune responses.