Hepatozoon silvestris (Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) is a recently described agent of feline hepatozoonosis. Although possibly emerging in Europe, this apicomplexan parasite is still largely unknown. Here, we provide insight into our current knowledge of the parasite's distribution, biology, and pathogenesis of the associated disease.

A study on 51 SNPs belonging to 29 genes related to heat stress was carried out in 720 sheep from 17 different breeds adapted to different climates from Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Morocco and Romania, using Kompetitive Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction. Genotype frequency and the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were calculated, followed by a clustering using the Principal Component Analysis. We analyzed the polymorphisms in the following genes analyzed: HSPA12A,HSP90AA1,IL33,DIO2,BTNL2,CSN2,ABCG1,CSN1S1,GHR,HSPA8,STAT3, and HCRT. We emphasized on HSPA12A and HSPA8 genes as they were successfully genotyped in all studied flocks in which genotype frequency patterns were identified. Contrary to previous findings, the A allele for HSPA8 SNP was not observed in the heat tolerant breeds, being found exclusively in cold-tolerant breeds. The principal component analysis could not clearly differentiate the breeds, while plot concentration was slightly varied among the three groups, with HSP90AA1 and IL33 SNPs’ loading values significantly contributing to PC1 and PC2. We confirmed previous works that the HSPA12A,HSPA8,HSP90AA1 and IL33 SNPs are potential candidate markers for thermotolerance adaptation in sheep. This research contributes to the genetic variability of SNPs for thermotolerance adaptability in sheep.

In the hilly Balkans, a folk proverb has been circulating for a long time, „It is most difficult to be a prophet in one‘s own village“, which reflects the age-old mistrust of the population towards new ideas. This is not surprising in the least, because since the written history of the peoples of the Balkans has existed, a continuous series of conquerors and local rulers who subjugated the common folks and imposed their world view can be traced. Nevertheless, from time to time, people with great strength appear who not only break the shackles imposed by the powerful, but through their actions find a way to the souls of their compatriots and gain their unreserved trust. One of such spontaneous creators is professor Izet Mašić, who achieved a miracle of medical publishing in his Sarajevo and Bosnia and Herzegovina and traced the path of medical science. There may be thousands of medical journals in the world, more or less reputable, and researchers from the Balkans can publish their work in them, but only domestic medical journals can initiate and direct domestic medical research, and educate young researchers in the right way. Professor Mašić made it possible for authors from Bosnia and Herzegovina and other Balkan countries to present their results to the world and receive an incentive from impartial experts to continue their work and progress more and more by editing and publishing three domestic journals at once, which are visible in the most important world bases,. The progress in research then translated into improving medical practice and health care of the population. The following details from Professor Mašić‘s biography tell us how this miracle happened. This year, academician Izet Mašić, Editor-in-Chief of a few biomedical journals, including Acta Informatica Medica journal, celebrates his 70th birthday and also 45 years of his academic and scientific work.

Background: Thromboembolic complications are a frequent occurrence during COVID-19. This report presents a patient with signs of subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) caused by a thrombus in the initial part of the right subclavian artery. Pathological occlusive changes, such as thrombosis, are four times more common on the left subclavian. Thrombosis of the subclavian artery occurs in about 1% of the population, but atherosclerotic changes are common and usually asymptomatic. Objective: The aim of this report is to present a patient with signs of subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) caused by a thrombus in the initial part of the right subclavian artery associated with symptoms of COVID-19. Case report: A 56-year-old female patient presented with tremor, numbness and prickling in the right hand, tinnitus, blurred vision, vertigo, syncope, trismus and headaches. The formation of a thrombus caused neurological symptoms in the right hand with a stronger pronounced tremor, headache and syncopal episodes. Routine CT with angiography did not reveal significant subocclusions of the neck arteries or significant ischemic changes in the brain. The patient was treated as Parkinsonismus (disease) with syncopal and collapsing episodes. Due to worsening subjective complaints, CT angiography of the neck and head blood vessels was repeated with iterative 3D reconstruction. The examination, as mentioned above, revealed atherosclerotic changes with thrombosis and stronger subocclusion of the right subclavian artery (RSA) proximal to the origin of the arteria vertebralis. Both vertebral arteries, as well as arteria basilaris, had a normal appearance. During physical exertion of the right arm doppler examination of neck blood vessels revealed the presence of reverse blood flow in the right vertebral artery. Haematological tests and high D-dimer also confirmed the diagnosis. After anticoagulant therapy, the thrombotic mass on the mural calcified RSA plaque disappeared. With the reduced physical strain on the right hand and a lifestyle change, syncopal conditions and headaches stopped. There was a reduction in tremors and tingling in the right hand as well. Conclusion: We reported a case of subclavian steal syndrome caused by thrombosis associated with OVID-19. Thromboembolic complications are common in the course of this disease. The diagnosis was confirmed with advanced diagnostic tools (CTA with 3D reconstruction), laboratory tests (D-dimer) and doppler ultrasound. When routine CT angiography is not completely clear, 3D reconstruction is necessary.

The development of material production technology has led to the application of new materials in construction. Because concrete is currently the most commonly used construction material, which in addition to numerous advantages (water resistance, low maintenance costs, easy workability, low cost, etc.) also has certain disadvan- tages (low tensile strength and brittle fracture behavior). Reinforcement of concrete using discrete fibers, ran- domly distributed, is an acceptable solution for improving the ductility of concrete. Carbon fiber reinforcement (CFRP) has been widely studied in the last two decades, as it represents a suitable alternative for the reinforce- ment of existing (endangered) RC structures. The advantages of this material are reflected in the relatively simple application, increased performance of the RC structure, low weight of the elements, etc. The paper also analyzes the existing cases of application of this material, as well as the presentation of previous research in the field of structural reinforcement using carbon fibers. Key words: Carbon fiber, Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), reinforcement concrete structures, reinfor- cement of existing structures, structural behavior of construCTIONS

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, a well-established respiratory pathogen of sheep and goats, has gained increased importance recently because of its detection in wild ruminants including members of the Cervidae family. Despite its frequent isolation from apparently healthy animals, it is responsible for outbreaks of severe respiratory disease which are often linked to infections with multiple heterologous strains. Furthermore, M. ovipneumoniae is characterized by an unusually wide host range, a high degree of phenotypic, biochemical, and genomic heterogeneity, and variable and limited growth in mycoplasma media. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for its pathogenicity, including the production of hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species production, and toxins. It shows wide metabolic activity in vitro, being able to utilize substrates such as glucose, pyruvate, and isopropanol; these patterns can be used to differentiate strains. Treatment of infections in the field is complicated by large variations in the susceptibility of strains to antimicrobials, with many showing high minimum inhibitory concentrations. The lack of commercially available vaccines is probably due to the high cost of developing vaccines for diseases in small ruminants not presently seen as high priority. Multiple strains found in affected sheep and goats may also hamper the development of effective vaccines. This review summarizes the current knowledge and identifies gaps in research on M. ovipneumoniae, including its epidemiology in sheep and goats, pathology and clinical presentation, infection in wild ruminants, virulence factors, metabolism, comparative genomics, genotypic variability, phenotypic variability, evolutionary mechanisms, isolation and culture, detection and identification, antimicrobial susceptibility, variations in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, vaccines, and control.

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are one of the most prevalent causes of cervical, anal, and oral cancer, and it is believed that nearly all sexually active males and females have been infected with HPV at some point in their lives. Objective: The purpose of this study is to highlight epidemiological characteristics of the age and genotypical incidence of HPV infection among females in Canton Sarajevo during a 10-year period. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the period between January 2012 and December 2021 at the medical institutions “Zavod za Ginekologiju, Perinatologiju i Neplodnost “Mehmedbašić“ among females who were admitted for a routine gynaecological exam in Canton Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results: In total, 1517 patients who reported typical sexarche at 18.35±1.92, having one 721 (47.5%) sexual partner, regular use of contraceptive methods 820 (54.5%) with male condom 513 (62.6%) being the dominant choice of contraception and having gynacological hereditary oncological positive history 141 (9.3%), were included in the study from which 653 (43.05%) patients had positive HPV test and 864 (56.95%) had negative HPV results. HPV positive patients, 386 (59.1%) were infected either with one type of virus only, while 267 (40.9%) patients were infected with multiple virus strains where we have identified 166 virus strain combinations. Analysis showed that the patients infected by only one virus strain were one of next specific HPV viruses: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68. HPV-16 was the predominately strain 16 (22.5%) identified among all the patients. Mean age of HPV positive patients was 33.38±7.85, ranging from 18 to 61 years. Conclusion: This study highlights the significance of the most frequent HPV high-risk strains (HPV-16, -18, -31.-33,-45,-52, and -58) among the Bosnia and Herzegovina population as one of the most common cancer-causing strains worldwide.

Brown coal mining conducted at greater depths, characterised with severe mining-geological conditions often results in deviation from the applied mining methods. Experiences gained in mechanised longwall mining of roof plate in deeper parts of Raspotočje mine, using method of roof caving without safety pillars left behind the working panels indicates to shortcomings of the applying mining method. Frequent occurences of spontaneous mine fires, of hazardous gasses well above the limit values, and constant exposure to rock bursts of various in- tensity resulted in application of three longwall face ventilation regimes: conventional „U“ ventilation system, ventilation with gas channel and middle hallway, and separate ventilation of the upper part of the longwall face. This paper presents experience based information gained in a five years period of mining, analysed using one- factor and two factor regression analyses applied to a number of technical-technological parameters (ventilation, mining system, etc) influencing occurences of spontaneous mine fires and increased gas release in various ventilation regimes at longwall face aimed to give basic guidelines for minimisation and elimination of certain hazards. Keywords: ventilation regime, spontaneous fires, gas release, mechanised longwall.

InxGa1−x N is a strategically important material for electronic devices given its tunable bandgap, modulated by the In/Ga ratio. However, current applications are hindered by defects caused by strain relaxation and phase separation in the material. Here, we demonstrate growth of homogeneous InxGa1−x N films with 0.3 < x < 0.8 up to ∼30 nm using atomic layer deposition (ALD) with a supercycle approach, switching between InN and GaN deposition. The composition is uniform along and across the films, without signs of In segregation. The InxGa1−x N films show higher In-content than the value predicted by the supercycle model. A more pronounced reduction of GPCInN than GPCGaN during the growth processes of InN and GaN bilayers is concluded based on our analysis. The intermixing between InN and GaN bilayers is suggested to explain the enhanced overall In-content. Our results show the advantage of ALD to prepare high-quality InxGa1−x N films, particularly with high In-content, which is difficult to achieve with other growth methods.

Background: Restrictive measures implemented by governments around the world to control the coronavirus have an impact on communication, especially the communication of the elderly. Objective: The aim for the article is to determine the attitudes of the elderly towards the ways of communication during the COVID 19 pandemic, and to present the challenges faced by the elderly when using digital ways of communication. The goal is also to point out the importance of providing adequate social support to the elderly. Methods: The sample consisted of 71 respondents from Bosnia and Herzegovina, aged over 60 years, divided into two groups. The questionnaire was used to gather information from respondents on their demographic characteristics as well as to examine participants’ attitudes and confidence regarding the manner and risk of communication associated with COVID-19. Results and Discussion: The results of this research showed that the elderly are actively using digital technologies, but that they are largely dissatisfied with their skills in using digital technologies. Most of the information during the COVID 19 pandemic is given to elderly people via television and telephone (video) conversations with family members and friends. 57.7% of the elderly stated that they greatly lacked direct communication, and it turned out that people living in elderly homes were in a slightly more favorable position. As many as 4/5 of the respondents reported feelings of anxiety, fear, loneliness, and depression. Conclusion: The older part of the population (those over 60 years old), especially in developing countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, is facing the challenge of “digitization of communication“. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly are “calling“ for special support and the provision of training and access to technological resources in order to reduce negative psychological consequences and go one step further in creating an “elder-friendly” society.