Cilj rada je utvrditi zastupljenost pojedinih rizičnih ponašanja kod djece osnovnoškolske dobi s obzirom na porodičnu strukturu i uključenost roditelja u preventivne aktivnosti. Uzorak ispitanika u ovom istraţivanju čine 450 učenika osnovne škole, uzrasta 12-13 godina, oba spola. Istraţivanje je realizovano u Općini Doboj Istok i Gračanica. Pojavni oblici rizičnih ponašanja ispitivani su primjenom Ahenbahovog integrisanog sistema procjene, verzijom za samoprocjenu adolescenata (ASEBA Youth Self-Report - YRS, Achenbach, 2007), dok je za podatke o stepenu rizika korišten Modificirani upitnik za procjenu nivoa rizičnosti/potreba (YLS/MCI) autora Andrews i Hoge (1994). Za statističku obradu podataka korištene su metode deskriptivne i inferencijalne statistike. Rezultati pokazuju da postoje jasne razlike u prisutnosti poremećaja u ponašanju učenika s obzirom na različitu porodičnu strukturu i učešće roditelja. Postoje značajne razlike izmeĎu adolescenata koji ţive sa oba roditelja i čiji su roditelji uključeni u preventivne aktivnosti i onih koji su iz nepotpune porodice i čiji se roditelji manje zalaţu. Statistički značajne razlike uočene su na skalama Agresivno ponašanje (t = - 3,55; p 0,00), Ponašanje kojim se krše pravila (t = -3,99; p 0,00) i dimenziji Eksternalizacije (t = -2,45; p 0,00). Nastojali smo ispitati i vezu strukturno poremećene porodice sa internaliziranim problemima i uočeno je da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike. Kroz interpretacije dobivenih rezultata moguće je zaključiti da razmatrana obiljeţja učenika znatno doprinose fenomenologiji rizičnih ponašanja, što upućuje na mogućnost i opravdanost kreiranja različitih intervencija usmjerenih prevenciji rizičnih ponašanja različitih skupina djece i mladih.

Abstract Hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy complicates up to 15% of pregnancies, and preeclampsia (PE) occurs in about 3–10% of pregnant women. Inadequate prenatal care is associated with higher mortality from PE, possibly due to reduced monitoring, detection, and missed opportunities for early intervention. The imperative of the clinician’s work is to monitor the symptoms and clinical signs of PE, and stratification of patients in relation to the risk of PE is essential. PE represents a multisystem inflammatory response, and the consequences can be expected in all organs. The question of the effect of PE on long-term maternal health is raised. The aim of the paper is to present the effect of PE on the patient’s health through the prism of low-income countries.

Poticajni uvjeti porodičnog okruženja, zajednice u kojoj se uči i po(d)učava temeljnim ljudskim vrijednostima, imperativ su svakog odgojno – obrazovnog djelovanja sa ciljem da se djeci obezbijedi mogućnost njihovog optimalnog rasta i razvoja. U tom smislu, roditelji imaju primarnu odgovornost i nezamjenjivu ulogu u životu djeteta. Ipak, brojni su slučajevi da djeca bivaju izložena različitim oblicima netrpeljivosti, straha, boli, kontinuiranim svađama ili nepovoljnim životnim uvjetima usljed niskog socio – ekonomskog statusa porodice. To je dovoljnim razlogom za alternativno zbrinjavanje djece odnosno izuzimanje djeteta iz njegove biološke porodice i smještaja u neki od oblika alternativne brige. Alternativni oblici brige uključuju hraniteljstvo, usvojenje i smještaj u odgovarajuće institucije za brigu o djeci, a odluka o obliku alternativne brige ovisi o više faktora. Međutim, onaj najvažniji odnosi se na princip najboljeg interesa svakog djeteta individualno tokom cjelokupnog postupka odlučivanja. Na osnovu brojnih istraživanja, hraniteljstvo uvažava najbolji interes djeteta te se, shodno tome, preferira i preporučuje u odnosu na institucionalne oblike zbrinjavanja.Cilj rada je predstaviti osnovne karakteristike hraniteljstva kao alternativnog oblika brige, njegovo formalno utemeljenje u zakonskoj regulativi, te iskustva u implementaciji. U tu svrhu korištena je deskritivno – analitička metoda te intervjuiranje ključnih aktera uključenih u proces donošenja odluke i izmještanja u hraniteljsku porodicu kako bi se ispitala njihova iskustva. Rad predstavlja svojevrstan doprinos promišljanju teorije i prakse hraniteljstva kao alternativnog oblika brige u najboljem interesu djeteta.

Significance The depth and sharpness of a midmantle seismic discontinuity, associated with the phase transition from mineral olivine to its higher-pressure polymorphs, provide essential clues to understanding the temperature and composition of Martian mantle. Using data from NASA’s InSight mission, we examined five marsquakes located 3,400 to 4,400 km away from the InSight lander and observed triplications of the P and S waves that resulted from the interaction with a seismic discontinuity produced by the postolivine transition. Our observations indicate that the Martian mantle is more iron rich than Earth,and both planets have a similar potential temperature. Our geodynamic modeling further constrains the mantle composition and surface heat flow and indicates that the mantle was cold in the early Noachian.

Predmet istraţivanja ovog rada je analiza uloge društvenih mreža u životu Generacije Z u Bosni i Hercegovini. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi na koji način društvene mreže determiniraju odrastanje i sazrijevanje novih generacija u dinamičnim društvenim tokovima. U tom smislu, težilo se ka empirijskom utvrđivanju i analizi aktualne situacije u vezi sa predmetnom temom i identifikacijom ključnih faktora utjecaja. Polazi se od hipoteze da upotreba interneta od ranog doba i interakcija sa društvenim mreţama Generacije Z mijenjaju način odrastanja ove generacije mladih. Korištene metode i tehnike istraţivanja: bazne metode logičkog zaključivanja, opštenaučne metode – pristup miksani metod, metode i tehnike za prikupljanje podataka. U zaključku je verifikovana polazna hipoteza i konstatovano je da društvene mreţe imaju značajnu ulogu u načinu odrastanja i sazrijevanja Generecije Z, što su novi izazovi socijalizacije ove generacije mladih u Bosni i Hercegovini.

The approach used in the present work involves investigating the corrosion protection properties of mixed inhibitors for copper and aluminium substrates in chloride-containing solutions, which serve as a benchmark for studies of the alloy AA2024, with Cu and Al being the main culprits for localized corrosion. A synergistic mixture of inhibitors could find potential applications in novel blending combinations, such as in cooling water as an inhibitor in closed systems or incorporated in various protective coatings as additives, nano-containers, etc. If possible, the protective inhibitor film should show irreversibility of inhibition which can be defined as the ability to, once formed, retains its protective properties when the concentration of the corrosion inhibitor decreases. This irreversibility of the protective properties is essential for long-term protection. Inhibitory action of organic molecules, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) and octylphosphonic acid (OPA) and their binary combinations on aluminium, copper and aluminium alloy 2024-T3 was investigated in chloride environments by conventional electrochemical methods and surface-analytical techniques [1,2]. In addition, the influence of pre-treatment of the metal surface and the choice of solvent for liquid-phase deposition on adsorption of MBI and OPA was studied on individual metals, Al and Cu [3]. Although OPA is not an inhibitor for Cu, it can synergistically boost corrosion inhibition of copper when added to MBI. In contrast, a synergistic effect between MBI and OPA as corrosion inhibitors was not observed for AA2024-T3. The mechanism was proposed where the thickness and structure of the surface layer are dependent on the pH. For the sample exposed to MBI at pH 5.5, where the Cu2O is stable, a thin Cu(I)MBI film is formed. In contrast, when exposed to the mixture of MBI and OPA at a pH of 4, the amount of produced Cu+ ions is boosted, and a much thicker Cu(I)MBI film forms by dissolution-precipitation mechanism. This layer exhibits high inhibitory effectiveness on copper substrate. At even lower pH, the thick compact Cu(I)MBI film does not form due to intensive dissolution of the Cu2O underlayer, resulting in a voluminous product. The postulated mechanism is confirmed by electrochemical data and composition of the layer by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy and focused-ion beam scanning electron microscopy with chemical analysis. Immersion of AA2024 in an OPA-containing solution caused significant localized corrosion, while no local electrochemical activity on AA2024 was detected in an MBI-containing solution, indicating that the MBI inhibitor was very effective against pitting corrosion. Figure shows FIB/SEM (cross-section) analysis of local corrosion induced by Al2CuMg phase after 24 h immersion of AA2024 in 3 wt.% NaCl containing 1 mM MBI. The chemical analysis employed at the cross-section (yellow rectangles) of the Al2CuMg revealed that the MBI layer reduces the dissolution rate of dealloying of this phase and the rate of oxygen reduction on the copper remnant sites. This study shows that the behaviour of each combination of inhibitor and metal substrate is unique and cannot be translated to the more complex system such as alloy. Therefore, a profound understanding of the inhibition mechanism of individual metals is a prerequisite for further investigation of the corrosion inhibition of aluminium alloys. Acknowledgements: The financial support of the project by the Slovenian Research Agency is acknowledged (grants No. P1-0134, P2-0393 and BI-US/22-24-140) is acknowledged. Barbara Kapun, BSc, is acknowledged for FIB-SEM-EDS analysis. References: [1] D.K. Kozlica, A. Kokalj, and I. Milošev, Corros. Sci., 182 (2021) 109082 [2] D.K. Kozlica, J. Ekar, J. Kovač, and I. Milošev, J. Electrochem. Soc., 168 (2021) 031504 [3] D.K. Kozlica, and I. Milošev, to be submitted. Figure 1

Sodium benzoate (SB) as an additive in various food products prevents the growth of microbes. Although SB is considered safe, many studies have reported adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dandelion extract on cell damage and hematological and biochemical disorders induced by SB in male albino rats. Different doses of SB (200 and 600 mg/kg) and ethanolic dandelion root extract (D) (40 mg/kg) were used in a 2‐week treatment of rats. Rat mortality and a higher frequency of behavioral alterations such as apathy, anxiety, and aggression have been reported at a higher dose of SB. Changes in urine pH, proteinuria, nitrituria, and bilirubinemia caused by SB were regulated by adding dandelion extract. Analysis of specific serum and urine parameters, as well as microscopic analysis of hepatocytes, showed liver and kidney failure. Anemia associated with hemolytic disorder due to erythrocyte impaired the presence of acanthocytes, and decreased values of erythrocyte blood count, hemoglobin concentration, average red blood cell size, hemoglobin amount per red blood cell, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were caused by SB treatment. As a dietary supplement, dandelion extract can be useful in the prevention of SB‐induced liver and kidney injury, and also a remedy against induced anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperproteinemia, hyperglycemia, and reduction of inflammatory responses.

BACKGROUND Pulpitis characterized by spontaneous pain can result in debilitating pain. Dogma has existed to offer only have two treatment options, namely, root canal treatment (RCT) or extraction although, pulpotomy has always remained a potential treatment modality. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to answer the following research question: "Does pulpotomy (partial or full)(I) result in better patient and clinical reported outcomes (O), compared to RCT (C) in permanent teeth with pulpitis characterized by spontaneous pain (P) evaluated at various time intervals? (T). METHODS Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. The literature search was conducted in the following electronic databases: Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. English language clinical trials comparing the patient and clinical reported outcomes between RCT and pulpotomy were included. The meta-analysis was performed on a fixed-effect model and the quality of evidence assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. RESULTS Two randomised clinical trials, were included. Among two trials, one has published four reports at different time points involving same cohorts. The meta-analysis revealed no difference in postoperative pain (Day 7) between RCT and pulpotomy (OR= 0.99,95% CI 0.63 - 1.55,I2 =0%) and quality of evidence was graded as "High". Clinical success was high at year 1, 98% for both interventions, however decreased over time to 78.1% (pulpotomy) and 75.3% (RCT) at 5 years. DISCUSSION Pulpotomy is a definitive treatment modality that is as effective as RCT . This could have a significant impact on treatment of such patients affording the advantages of retaining a vital pulp and preventing the need for RCT. CONCLUSION This review could only include two trials, hence there is insufficient evidence to draw robust conclusions. The clinical data accumulated so far suggests no difference in pain between RCT and pulpotomy at day 7 postoperatively and a single randomised control trial suggests that the clinical success rate for both treatment modalities is similar long term. There is a need for more well-designed trials by different research groups to develop a stronger evidence base in this area.

The electrohydrodynamics’ (EHD) perfect dielectric model was added into computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software OpenFOAM in order to improve its usability for the EHD field and specifically for the mentioned model. Based on the investigated literature, it can be said that this is the most complete implementatiton of the said model. Two sets of numerical simulations with two different fluids are presented and analyzed. One set is one-dimensional. The other set is with a drop of one fluid surrounded by other fluid. Oscillations can be observed with certain expressions or calculation strategies for the electrostrictive force, and used for disregarding them. Results that are closer to analytical predictions can be obtained by using appropriate expression for the dielectric force. The electrostrictive force was implemented not only for nonpolar, but also for polar fluids, and it is shown that it might significantly influence the drop deformation. Calculated and analytically predicted drop deformations were close or comparable even up to around 0.25, what is significantly higher and different from a previous study made by other authors. Different expressions for the electric permittivity and usage of limiters for volume fractions were investigated. Conclusions from this paper can be transferred to more complicated models.

Dried apples improve your health owing to their mineral contents. The main function of packaging dried apples is to protect the packaged product from external factors that may affect the contents' physicochemical, mechanical, and sensory changes during the storage period. The study investigates the sensory characteristics and content of hydroxymethyl-furfural and polyphenols in dried apples and health-related considerations. To gratify that aim, the mixed apple sample was calibrated (precise sorting according to the size and color of the apples), selected, washed, and cut into slices. The product is sulfurized with SO2, the procedure takes several hours, and it is immediately introduced into the dryer. The mass is dried in a dryer "Iverak" (Valjevo, Serbia) with warm air at a temperature of max 65 ° C for 15-18 hours. Packaging materials used in the study are: 1. Monomaterial, polyethylene (PE), thickness 95μ m (PE (95) μ m); 2. Combined packaging material, oriented polypropylene metallized (OPP), thickness 20 μ m (OPPmet (20) μ m); 3.Combined packaging material, oriented polypropylene (OPP) / polyethylene (PE) thickness 20 / 50μ m (OPP / PE (20/50) μ m); 4.Combined packaging material, oriented polypropylene metallized (OPPmet) / polyethylene (PE) thickness 20 / 50μ m (OPPmet / PE (20/50) μ m); 5.Combined packaging materials, polyester (PET) / oriented polypropylene metallized (OPP) met / polyethylene thickness 12/38/30 (PET/OPPmet/PE(12/38/30) μ m). The study presents the results of testing in changes of content of hydroxymethyl-furfural (HMF), polyphenols and sensory properties, dried apples packed in different combinations of packaging materials, including PE (95) μ m, OPP met (20) μ m, OPP / PE (20/50) μ m, OPP met / PE (20/50) μ m, PET / OPP met / PE (12/38/30 μ m), considering health issues. The article's findings can make a notable contribution to the knowledge of the thermal kinetics of antioxidant impacts and phenolic content over the production of apple chips.

Emergency response system is a complex system of systems (SoS). The introduction of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) introduces an extra dimension into the complexity. Future emergency response must be able to take into account of the autonomous vehicles with different automation levels and leverage the increasing connectivity and automation for efficient emergency response. Architecture frameworks have long been used for system engineering for large complex systems. The emerging unified architecture framework converges previous architecture frameworks for a unified one towards both military and civilian use. Based on the scenario of emergency response with CAVs on highways, this paper motivates an enterprise architecture for emergency response system of systems (ERSoS) with identification of the key challenges and opportunities in addition to a proposal of required capabilities. The work is a first iteration of an enterprise architecture for ERSoS with CAVs and forms part of the overall ERSoS architecture development process.

Background: There is paucity of data regarding the effects of delayed reperfusion (DR) on clinical outcomes in patients with incomplete reperfusion following mechanical thrombectomy. We hypothesized that DR has a strong association with clinical outcome in patients with incomplete reperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy (expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction, 2a–2c). Methods: Single-institution’s stroke registry retrospective analysis of patients admitted from February 2015 to December 2020. DR was defined as the absence of any perfusion delay on ≈24-hour contrast-enhanced follow-up perfusion imaging, whereas persistent perfusion deficit denotes a perfusion delay corresponding to the catheter angiographic deficit directly after the intervention. The association of perfusion outcome (DR versus persistent perfusion deficit) with the occurrence of new infarcts and 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) was evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Comparison of predictive accuracy was evaluated by calculating area under the curve for models with and without perfusion outcome. Results: In 566 patients (mean age 74, 49.6% female), new infarcts in the incomplete reperfusion areas were less common in DR versus persistent perfusion deficit patients (small punctiform: 17.1% versus 25%, large confluent: 7.9% versus 63.2%; P=0.001). After adjustment for confounders, DR was a strong predictor of functional independence (adjusted odds ratio, 2.37 [95% CI 1.34–4.23]). There was a significant improvement in predictive accuracy of functional independence when perfusion outcome was added to expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction alone (area under the curve 0.57 versus 0.62, P=0.01). Conclusions: Occurrence of DR is closely associated with tissue outcome and functional independence. DR may be an independent prognostic parameter, suggesting it as a potential outcome surrogate for medical rescue therapies.

We investigate the scenario where a perturbed nonlinear system transmits its output measurements to a remote observer via a packet-based communication network. The sensors are grouped into N nodes and each of these nodes decides when its measured data is transmitted over the network independently. The objective is to design both the observer and the local transmission policies in order to obtain accurate state estimates, while only sporadically using the communication network. In particular, given a general nonlinear observer designed in continuous-time satisfying an input-to-state stability property, we explain how to systematically design a dynamic event-triggering rule for each sensor node that avoids the use of a copy of the observer, thereby keeping local calculation simple. We prove the practical convergence property of the estimation error to the origin and we show that there exists a uniform strictly positive minimum inter-event time for each local triggering rule under mild conditions on the plant. The efficiency of the proposed techniques is illustrated on a numerical case study of a flexible robotic arm.