Using the CO molecule as target, we investigate high-order harmonic generation by a bichromatic elliptically polarized laser field. This field consists of two elliptically polarized components with the commensurable frequencies and mutually orthogonal semi-major axes. Both odd and even harmonics are emitted and their ellipticity can be large depending on the values of the laser-field parameters. It is often the case that the ellipticity of subsequent odd and even harmonics is substantially different so that, in order to produce a series of high-order harmonics with similar ellipticity, it is beneficial if the emission of odd or even harmonics is suppressed. In this paper we explore how this can be achieved using the ellipticity of the laser-field components and the relative phase as control parameters. For some values of these parameters it is possible to produce a comb of odd or even harmonics with similar ellipticity. These harmonics can later be employed for various applications the example of which is the generation of an elliptically polarized attosecond pulse train.

Abstract The global Covid-19 pandemic led to the turn toward online learning and the need to adapt to new ways of English foreign language (EFL) teaching. This mixed-methods research aimed to examine teacher attitudes, well-being, and coping strategies related to online EFL teaching. The results indicated that Croatian EFL teachers had a positive attitude toward online teaching and acknowledged the importance of being digitally competent. EFL teachers were unsure about their ability to deal with online teaching and indicated their need to improve their IT skills. They revealed more negative than positive responses regarding their well-being and showed that they tried to actively cope during the pandemic. Results also showed better coping strategies among female teachers.

Abstract Frequent changes in fiscal policies are the main cause of credit risk. To prevent households from increasing their non-performing loans, the government can use various policies and instruments. One of these tools is tax regulations, with a particular focus on the value-added tax. This paper examines whether tax policies have affected non-performing household loans in Turkey over the period from 2017 to 2021. To acquire meaningful empirical results, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration model have been applied. The results of analysis indicated that the effect of tax regulations on non-performing household loans is quite strong. It can be demonstrated that the strength of the income effect generated by tax cuts might be robust.

The research relates to determining the dependence of the strength and hardness, as well as the pH factor and solubility in water, of pellets made based on dolomite powder on the type and concentration of the binder. During the research, the technological parameters of the pelletizing device (speed and inclination of the disk, dosing speed of powder and binder suspension, and mixing time) were kept constant. Variations were made in the concentration of starch and molasses binder at values of 1.0, 2.5, and 4.0% and the control sample of 2.0 %. The purpose of pellets made of dolomite powder is to correct the pH factor of agricultural soil. The obtained results indicate that the production of pellets for the stated purpose requires an optimal choice of binder and its concentration due to the influence on the qualitative indicators of the pellet itself from dolomite powder. The research results are a partial extract of the Study: “Investigation of the optimal technology for the production of dolomite pellets from the “Očura” deposit for agriculture, Phase I”. Keywords: pellet, agriculture, binder concentration, strength, hardness, pH of pellets.

A study of the phytochemical and molecular characteristics of ten Micromeria and six Clinopodium taxa (family Lamiaceae) distributed in the Balkan Peninsula was carried out. The phytochemicals detected in essential oils by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and molecular data amplified fragment length polymorphism were used to study the taxonomic relationships among the taxa and the correlations between phytochemical and molecular data. STRUCTURE analysis revealed three genetic groups, while Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure grouped the studied taxa into 11 clusters nested in the groups obtained by STRUCTURE. Principal components analysis performed with the 21 most represented compounds in the essential oils yielded results that were partly consistent with those obtained by STRUCTURE and neighbour-joining analyses. However, their geographic distributions did not support the genetic grouping of the studied taxa and populations. The Mantel test showed a significant correlation between the phytochemical and genetic data (r = 0.421, p < 0.001). Genetic distance explained 17.8% of the phytochemical distance between populations. The current taxonomic position of several of the studied taxa is yet to be satisfactorily resolved, and further studies are needed. Such future research should include nuclear and plastid DNA sequences from a larger sample of populations and individuals.

We discuss the scope of accreditation presentation in certificates and annexes issued by NABs for calibration laboratories (accredited in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 [1]) in accordance with ILAC P14:2020 [2], with specific requirements stated in clause 4.3 for expression of measurement uncertainty (expanded uncertainty) regarding the unit. Due to the close link between accreditation, metrology, and standardization, we consult BIPM documents [3] and discuss the practice in metrological institutes when it comes to expressions of expanded uncertainty in order to give another view and arguments on ILAC P14:2020 requirement for expanded uncertainty to be expressed only in terms of measurand's unit. We present our case for the quantity of temperature, in addition to some other physical quantities with similar cases as temperature.

We present different approach in teaching physics for high-school students for various branches of physics, such as thermodynamics, electromagnetism, etc. When we use term “different”, we want to offer complementary approach to the traditional one. This approach involves bringing everyday situations [1], such as drinking tea in a desert, making coffee, etc., to the physics classroom context without theoretical teaching with formulae, laws, and definitions in the beginning or opening of the class. The idea is to develop logical concepts to prepare students for theoretical teaching and introduce formulae to them in order to have a complete frame of specific physical phenomena. Some classes include practical demonstrations [2] where students immerse in discussion and spontaneously involve in growing logical concepts needed for better adoption of definitions, laws, and formulae [3].

Conducting safety simulations in various simulators, such as the Gazebo simulator, became a very popular means of testing vehicles against potential safety risks (i.e. crashes). However, this was not the case with security testing. Performing security testing in a simulator is very difficult because security attacks are performed on a different abstraction level. In addition, the attacks themselves are becoming more sophisticated, which directly contributes to the difficulty of executing them in a simulator. In this paper, we attempt to tackle the aforementioned gap by investigating possible attacks that can be simulated, and then performing their simulations. The presented approach shows that attacks targeting the LiDAR and GPS components of unmanned aerial vehicles can be simulated. This is achieved by exploiting vulnerabilities of the ROS and MAVLink protocol and injecting malicious processes into an application. As a result, messages with arbitrary values can be spoofed to the corresponding topics, which allows attackers to update relevant parameters and cause a potential crash of a vehicle. This was tested in multiple scenarios, thereby proving that it is indeed possible to simulate certain attack types, such as spoofing and jamming.

Abstract Considering the burning problem of corruption and non-transparency of public enterprises in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), the paper aims to investigate whether the Beneish M-score model can be used to predict inaccurate financial statements. Where, the cause of inaccurate financial statements are intentional or unintentional errors. On a sample of 200 financial statements of public enterprises and related audit reports issued by the Audit Office of the Institutions in FBiH, we made a link between the Beneish M score model with its partial indicators (DSRI, GMI, AQI, SGI, DEPI, SGAI, LVGI, TATA) and four types of opinions: positive, opinion with distraction, negative and refraining from giving opinions. The research was conducted using descriptive statistics and an artificial neural network with the “scaled conjugate gradient backpropagation (trainscg)” algorithm for pattern recognition and classification. The research results show that it is possible on the basis of 8 partial indicators (DSRI, GMI, AQI, SGI, DEPI, SGAI, LVGI, TATA) i.e. 24 balance sheet position for their calculation, predict the auditor’s opinion on the quality of financial statements of public companies with an accuracy ranging between 98 and 100% in repeated procedures. The results of the research have their practical usefulness and can serve to researchers, creditors, customers, suppliers and state auditors in planning resources and priorities for performing financial audits at public companies in the FBiH.

Abstract Waste transport is just one of the segments in the solid municipal waste management. Throughout the entire waste life cycle, starting by generation of waste, via storing, collecting, transporting, recycling, treating and depositing, several different polluting substances are emitted. The solid waste transport, apropos, transporting vehicles emit into the air different pollution substances such as CO2, CO, NOx, NMVOC, PM, PAHs etc. These substances can present certain problems for human health and environment. The research subject of this study is the analysis of solid waste transportation within the Banja Luka region (B&H), from towns and municipalities belonging to the region and transporting their mixed municipal waste to the Banja Luka landfill. In the analysis, following parameters are included: distance to the landfill, type of vehicle used for the waste transportation, type of the engine, vehicle capacity and the number of tours during a year. The study estimates the emission of CO, NOx, NMVOC, and PM2.5 during one year using the listed parameters and by applying EMEP/EEA guidelines for estimating the emission of polluting substances into the air. The largest emission of polluting substances (CO, NOx, NMVOC and PM2.5) is from the oldest vehicles. The newest vehicles had a significantly lesser emission of these polluting substances into the air. The recommendation for decreasing the emission from the transportation vehicles is to organise the transfer-stations, procure new vehicles, optimise the collection routes and decrease the number of tours, as well as to better the usage of the vehicle capacity level.

Abstract COVID-19 is behind us, that is, it no longer poses a direct threat to the normal functioning of higher education. Nevertheless, the answers to the challenges in teaching, brought with it by COVID-19, have become an integral part of the curriculum of higher education institutions. When it comes to online teaching in accounting courses, additional creativity was expected from the teaching staff to successfully transfer knowledge. This was a particularly difficult challenge for those institutions and teaching staff who had not previously applied online teaching and online tools in the teaching process. The research was conducted on students of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Mostar (EF Mostar, FEM) and students of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Split (EF Split, FES), who took one or more accounting courses in the pandemic academic year 2020/2021 and partly in the academic year 2021/2022. The paper tried to offer answers to the questions about the degree of student satisfaction with online teaching, what are the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of teaching, and in which aspects there is room for improvement when considering the teaching of accounting courses in the context of online teaching.

Background: The VEPs provide an objective measure of brain function, analyzing integrity of visual processing. With patients affected with schizophrenia, the changes with the implementation of VEP are evident, such as symmetrical deceleration of the impulse and the continuance of latency, which points to a degenerative illness, suggesting the presence of optical neuritis or hemianopsia conjoined with mentioned intracranial illness. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation of positive and negative symptoms (PANSS scores) and P100 latency between patients with schizophrenia and patients with migraine headache according to gender and age. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were applied. Methods: The sample included 80 subjects: a) S group- 40 patients with schizophrenia (21 males; 19 females); b) H group-40 healthy subjects with migraine headache (10 males; 30 females). The study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry and Neurology University Clinical Center Sarajevo. Results: Our research revealed positive correlation of the P100 latency and the PANSS score of negative symptoms, which means that the subjects of the observed group with a higher latency of the P100 wave of the entire visual field in both eyes have higher PANSS scores of negative symptoms. The correlation is significantly higher in female subjects (37% shared variance) than in male subjects (12% shared variance). All male subjects have a PANSS negative symptoms score of 17 or higher, while all female subjects have a PANSS negative symptoms score of less than 17 positive correlations were registered in P100 latency in left view field of both eyes and in P100 amplitude in the region of right eye (p=0.01) in comparation with left eye region (p=0.05) in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: Results imply that the cognitive impairment seen in schizophrenia is not just due to deficits in higher order aspects of cognition but also encompasses significant deficits in early sensory processing. Our study is useful to initiate new questions and recommendations for further studies, specifically on changes in the occipital lobe in the schizophrenic patient’s brain.