A current-mode interface (CMI) with mixed single/dual slope integration (MSDSI) for differential capacitive sensors (DCSs) is presented in this article. The proposed design is based on the integration of the reference current flowing through the capacitors of the DCS. The integration of the capacitor of a smaller capacitance is performed with a dual slope. Contrary, the integration on the capacitor of a larger capacitance is performed with only one slope. The normalized differential capacitance (NDC) defined as the difference-to-sum ratio of the DCS capacitances is proportional to the duration of only one time interval which is digitized using the counting method. There is no need for postprocessing in the proposed NDC-to-time-to-digital conversion. It has been prototyped using discrete off-the-shelf components mounted on a printed circuit board, with a single supply voltage of 3.3 V. The measured NDC is in the range $|\text {NDC}| < 0.612$ , with the constant sum of DCS capacitances of 970 pF. Achieved full-scale error is smaller than 0.3%, with a range of conversion speed from 1770 to 2755 NDC-to-time-to-digital conversions per second.

Introduction. Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of the acute abdomen. Based on the idea that appendicitis is a progressive disease eventually leading to perforation, removal of the appendix is the gold standard of treatment. Material and Methods. The objective of the study is to determine if there is any difference in the occurrence of postoperative complications, and if hospitalization differs depending on the appendicitis surgery method used with the patients. A retrospective analysis was made using the data from the hospital sample of patients admitted to the University Hospital in Foca in the period from January 2019 to December 2021. Results. In the period that was retrospectively analyzed, 107 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis were operated on. There was no statistically significant difference between the treated groups in relation to the degree of appendicitis, type and duration of symptoms, diagnostic procedures and the time that had elapsed from admission to surgery. The Alverado Score in the probable appendicitis group was 41.1%. The most common symptoms were palpation sensitivity in the inguinal region (84.1%), and pain in the right lower quadrant (69.1%), intraoperative findings of uncomplicated appendicitis 58%, and 25.2% intraoperative findings inconsistent with the pathohistological ones. Conclusion. Acute appendicitis is one of the most common emergency surgical conditions, which requires surgical intervention if not treated in time, and causes life-threatening consequences. Surgical treatment with selected techniques for faster establishment of the gastrointestinal tract function, shorter stay in the hospital, faster recovery and return to daily activities.

Complications in colorectal surgery carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality, prolong hospitalization time and increase treatment costs, and the largest number of postoperative complications is related to surgical site infection (SSI). Antibiotic prophylaxis started in the fifties of the last century and changed with each new antibiotic. The following were used in order: aminoglycosides (1943), macrolides (1952), polymyxins (1958), and cephalosporins (1965). With the discovery of metronidazole in 1970, the prophylactic spectrum was extended to include anaerobic bacteria, which are an indispensable part of the flora in this anatomical region. Due to the nature of the gastrointestinal tract, it was believed that oral antibiotic prophylaxis and mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) could achieve intestinal sterilization and thus ensure a safe surgical intervention. However, studies have shown that MBP did not have an overall beneficial effect on postoperative complications and caused significant patient discomfort, so it was almost abandoned. Today, it is known that about 16% of surgical infections are caused by multiresistant bacteria, and only oral antibiotic prophylaxis is not sufficient to prevent these infections. Namely, in the race between bacterial resistance and the development of new antibiotics, antibiotics are increasingly lagging, and the treatment of complications remains a nightmare for surgeons. For this reason, the prevention of SSI in colorectal surgery is a challenge for 21st-century medicine. In modern surgery, both open and laparoscopic, the first and second generations of intravenous cephalosporins are most often used for prophylactic purposes, as antibiotics of a sufficiently broad spectrum, with favorable pharmacokinetics and rare side effects. New research indicates that in colorectal surgery, the combination of standard intravenous prophylaxis with the addition of an oral antimicrobial the day before surgery is superior when it comes to SSI prevention. However, there are still no clear recommendations on the regimen and type of antibiotics and they should be given in institutional guides and protocols, taking into account the bacterial spectrum in the local environment, as well as resistance, and the availability of appropriate drugs. Therapeutic use of antibiotics is reserved for acute conditions in colorectal surgery and its complications. For therapeutic purposes, more potent antibiotics are used against the expected pathogens, usually a combination of several antibiotics, such as third or fourth-generation cephalosporins, metronidazole, fluoroquinolones, or piperacillin/tazobactam and others. When it comes to the therapeutic use of antibiotics in colorectal surgery, research indicates that the most important thing is to recognize the infection in time and immediately start treatment, correct the therapy according to the causative agent, and also to stop the administration of antibiotics in time, to avoid unwanted complications and already advanced bacterial resistance.

The weighted average cost of capital is the rate that companies must pay to shareholders and creditors. Therefore, it is a risk-adjusted discount rate for the company's cash flows. The paper will calculate the weighted average cost of capital for a selected group of companies listed on the Sarajevo and Banja Luka Stock Exchanges, as well as profitability indicators such as: ROA, ROE and net profit margin. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to investigate whether there is interdependence in the movement of the weighted average cost of capital and profitability indicators of the selected group of companies in the stock market indices SASX-30 and BIRS. The research results show that the WACC ranges from a minimum of 5.11% to a maximum of 10.87%. Likewise, the research results show that there is a negative connection and correlation between WACC on the one hand and a selected group of profitability indicators on the other hand.

The importance of minimum capital adequacy ratios in preventing banks from going bankrupt and losing depositor money is underscored by their ability to absorb a reasonable amount of losses. This work contributes to the literature on bank capital and, in particular, delivers a thorough analysis of bank capital in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia contexts. This analysis refers to the strand of literature on non-performing loans and bank capital that has been of continuous interest to researchers. It is a relevant area of research because it discusses the most important part of the banking business, especially in the context of increasing global competition and crises. In this scientific area, we inquire whether and how leverage rate, gross domestic product rate, and return on equity affect the capital adequacy ratio. In this respect, this study advances the literature of effects on bank capital that have not been analysed by other scholarly contributions, especially as it discusses the impact of leverage rate, gross domestic product rate, and return on equity in the context of the entire banking systems of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The study is limited to a six-year period from 2016 to 2021. Empirical evidence based on the application of a model suggests that both countries resulted in different correlations between countries. Modelling was done to determine the relationship between the independent variables LR, GDP Growth, ROE, and effect on CAR. In addition, the capital adequacy ratio proves to be more and more important for banks.

The main goal of this research is to evaluate the returns and risks of the following types of assets: Bitcoin, EUR Stoxx 50, gold, bonds: government bonds ICE Bof A 1-10 Year excluding Italy and Greece and the corporate bond index ICEB of A 1-10 Year AA. The paper tested a total of ten portfolios according to different scenarios for digital and financial assets. Also, in the paper, greater measures of risk and return were calculated with the aim of forming an optimal portfolio with minimal risk. The results of this research revealed that the correlation between Bitcoin and other forms of financial assets is generally low and negative, which can be a good instrument for portfolio diversification, and positively affect portfolio performance. Also, the results of this study showed that in terms of volatility and return measure of a total of ten portfolios, the second portfolio (whose structure consists of Bitcoin, Euro Stoxx 50, gold, government bonds ICE Bof A 1-10 Year - excluding Italy and Greece and the corporate index bond ICEBof A 1-10 Year AA) is the most optimal portfolio. The findings of this research can serve in risk and loss assessments of portfolio managers, investors, and regulators.

Capacity discharge percussion welding is nonconventional welding process where heat source is an electric arc obtained by discharging of capacitor bank. The arching time is very short, around 10 ms, and depends on a few parameters such as: capacity of capacitor bank, voltage, movement speed of welded pieces during welding. During arching a certain amount of material is melted and after that squeezed out by applied force used in welding process. Quantity of squeezed material depends upon heat input, intensity of the force pressing the wires during welding and many other parameters. Mechanical properties of welded joints depend on welding parameters. In this paper is described the influence of capacity discharge percussion welding parameters on mechanical properties of welded joints.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the cause of 17 million deaths a year worldwide, of which 25% are sudden cardiac deaths (SCD). In Europe cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains a leading cause of death in Europe accounting for 3.9 million deaths each year. Even with well-known risk factors and the current standards of health care, improvement of health and quality of life of CVD patients are still remains one of the biggest public health challenges we must overcome. Objective: The aim of this study was to analize of current strategic documents and relevant facts of WHO and other appropriate institutions regarding CVDs prevention and control for potentialy use in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Methods: Authors made a narrative review to provide a brief overview of the recent and relevant documents of good practice in prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of cardiovascular diseases that should be consider as milestones for the health authorities in the Federation of B&H. Results and Discussion: Bosnia and Herzegovina is among the countries with a high risk of CVD together with Albania, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Poland, Slovakia, and Turkey. The main public health challenge in Bosnia and Herzegovina is reducing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs): heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease. NCDs are estimated to account for 80% of the country’s annual deaths, and addressing them is the foremost public health priority in the country. Cardiovascular diseases still represent a worldwide public health problem, with some new dimensions caused by challenges caused through pandemic of COVID-19. The well-known cardiovascular risk factors require new and more efficient public health approaches to the prevention and control. Conclusion: Due to the recently developed cardiovascular guidelines that were made by the European Society of Cardiology and World Heart Federation, key priority for health authorities should be is to update the existing CVD guidelines in the Federation of BiH in accordance with the international good practice to support healthcare professionals in their efforts to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in both individual patients, as well as at a population level..

Given that, in the realization of the mission of a non-profit organization, employees play the most important role, in this research we questioned the employees' job satisfaction and their dedication to the organization. The problem question was aimed at examining the influence of job satisfaction on organizational commitment. Data were collected through a questionnaire from respondents in the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample consisted of employees of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The statistical software package for data analysis -SPSS -was used to analyze the collected attitudes of 602 employees. The main research hypothesis was: H1. Job satisfaction has a direct impact on the organizational commitment of employees of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The obtained results confirmed the main hypothesis. The research also confirmed that within the framework of the functioning of the aforementioned non-profit organization, it would be important to research other topics in the field of human resource management.

Objective. Aging is characterized by the loss of abilities in the psychological and physical sense. Detailed assessment of cognitive status may enable early identification of high-risk patients who are candidates for dementia. The aim of this research was to examine the cognitive status of elderly people over 65 years of age living in the community and potential risk factors that contribute to the onset of dementia. Methods. The research was designed according to the principle of a cross-sectional study. The research used a general questionnaire, subjective and objective assessment of respondents, Mini Kog assessment. The ch2 square test was used for statistical tests. The usual value of p<0.05 was taken as the level of statistical significance. Results. Females (80.2%) had better cognitive status than males (84.6%) (ch2 =0.189; p=0.664). Respondents with the lowest level of education (primary school) had a worse cognitive status (23.5%) compared to 13.3% of respondents with an intermediate level of education (ch2 =9.139; p=0.010). 8.8% of respondents who socialize with friends had a good cognitive score compared to 0% of respondents with a good cognitive score who do not socialize with friends (ch2 =18.243; p=0.000), also, the cognitive status was worse in those respondents who used different aids (75%) versus 17% of those who do not use different aids for their functional mobility (ch2 =8.832; p=0.003). Conclusion. Dementia is present in a high percentage among elderly people. The level of education and the use of aids are potential risk factors for the onset of dementia.

Aging implies a process during which changes occur in the function of all organic systems in the human body. For a detailed assessment of the health status of an elderly person, a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is recommended. CGA is defined as a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach that enables the identification of medical, psychosocial and functional limitations of an elderly person, all with the aim of developing a coordinated plan to improve the health of the elderly person. The aim of this review was to point out the significance, comprehensiveness, applicability and prognostic significance of geriatric assessment based on data from recent literature and by searching available electronic databases. Studies were collected from the electronic databases MEDLINE (via Ovid), Pubmed, COBSON database and Google Scholar database, as well as by manual search of relevant studies cited in the references of key articles. The search for papers as a whole is limited to the English language. All studies that used a comprehensive geriatric assessment in their methodology, in elderly people over 65 years of age, were included. CGA is very important for the elderly, for their families, health systems of countries, health professionals as well as the social community. Interventions resulting from a CGA are one way to improve the performance of activities of daily living in elderly patients. CGA has numerous advantages in practice, it is comprehensive, applicable, economically relatively acceptable and as such can be routinely implemented at different levels of health care. CGA has a high prognostic significance for the early detection of multimodal problems in the geriatric population.

Objective. Long-term care represents a series of health and social care services that are provided at home or in an institutional environment to people with reduced functional capacity (reduced physical and/or cognitive abilities) who need support in performing daily activities, and who depend on the help of others for a long time period. The goal of the research was to examine the quality of life of users with long-term health care, with a special focus on comparing the quality of life between people placed institutionally and outside of the institution. Methods. The research was designed according to the principle of a cross-sectional study. In the research, a general questionnaire and a scale for assessing the quality of life Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were used. Among the statistical tests, the ch2 square test was used. The usual value of p<0.05 was taken as the level of statistical significance. Results. Subjects who were institutionalized had statistically significantly lower values of domains and summary scores of quality of life compared to subjects whose health care took place outside of institutions, whereby the difference was observed in physical functioning (p<0.001), social functioning (p=0.003) and mental health summary score (p=0.015). Conclusion. Users of long-term health care placed in an institution had significantly worse physical functioning, a higher level of limitations due to physical problems, worse general health, a lower level of social functioning, as well as mental health.