The cervical cancer (CC) is in the second position in the world, by incidence and mortality, and in the first place in the developing countries. According to the information from literature different risk factors are more or less significant for the development of CC. One of the most important factor for the development of premalignant and malignant cervical lesion is infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). The strongest epidemic correlation was found in connection to the age at the time of first sexual intercourse, especially prior to the age of 18, and 21. The objective of this study is to determine the influence of etiological factors (smoking, age at the time of first sexual intercourse, number of intercourses, number of partners and status of circumcision) on the occurrence of pre-malignant and malignant cervical lesions among patients with persistent HPV infection.

Great number of drugs coming from different manufactures is available on the market. The bioequivalence studies give substantial evidence if these drugs, given in same doses and under similar conditions, have similar bioavailability. Studies of bioequivalence are performed on healthy young volunteers in crossover designs and artificially controlled environment to minimize factors, other than the drug, which can affect bioavailability. They usually include 24 healthy volunteers with about 20 blood analyzes giving a total of 500. This kind of research is of big importance for the determination of pharmacokinetic drug characteristics but is very expensive, especially in small countries. Considering the importance of cost decrement, we set the hypothesis that bioequivalence studies can be performed on smaller number of subjects. This hypothesis is confirmed by the results of our analysis (6) included in cross-over study can be an adequate number.

The aim of this study is to review the contribution of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) as a screening tool for coronary artery disease by measuring quantity of coronary calcium. During the period of one year, 59 patients with clinical symptoms of cardiac disease were examined in our Institute of Radiology. The average age of the examined patients was 62 years. The youngest patient was 18 and the oldest 82 years old. 41 patients (69.5%) were male with average age of 62.7 years and 18 patients (30.5%) female with average age of 63 years. The CT examinations were performed with ECG gating MSCT “Somatom Volume Zoom” Siemens native and with intravenous contrast medium administration (140 ml Omnipaque with 50 ml physiological solution) and with 3 mm slice thickness. Special attention was paid to the coronary vessel calcification according to Agatston’s total calcium score(TCS) for account coronary calcification. Calcifications of coronary arteries were found in 52 patients and TCS was made according to Agatston’s method. Among these patients werel2 (20,3%) with mild coronary arthrosclerosis (total calcium scor -TCS 10-100), 11 (18,6%) with moderate coronary atherosclerosis (TCS 100-400), and 29 (49,1%) with severe coronary atherosclerosis (TCS > 400). 42 (71,2%) of these patients were smokers, 22 (37,3%) had hypertension, 9 (15,2%) diabetes, 6 (10,2%) hypercholesterolemia and 5 (6.8%) triglyceridemia, everybody with coronary calcifications. Only 24(40,7%) of these patients had symptoms of angina pectoris. Infarctus myocardii was found in 7 (11.9%) patients, among them 6(85,7%) with severe coronary atherosclerosis (TCS > 400). Calcifications of the coronary arteries are always connected with arthrosclerosis. For this reason, an early detection and quantification of coronary calcifications play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. MSCT has shown to be the most sensitive modality for this purpose and enables, safe and non-invasive screening investigation of coronary arteries.

The utility and algorithm of diagnostic and particularly radiological conventional and digital methods in diagnosis and staging of central and peripheral, non-small cell and small cell bronchogenic carcinoma are presented in this paper. Their sensitivity and specificity in the assessment of malignant mediastinal and hilar adenopathy, pleural and chest wall infiltration and tissue categorization of the solitary pulmonary nodule are discussed. It is concluded that digital methods - spiral CT, US and MRI, in spite of quoted limitations, have considerably improved the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Although CT is superior over conventional radiological methods, it should be used in definitive staging complimentary with the other imaging modalities, endoscopic and bioptic methods, as well as obligatory histological confirmation of the diagnosis.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) represents a delayed response to a stress event, particularly of menacing and catastrophic nature, which most likely causes pervasive distress to almost everyone. This disorder is frequently associated with another psychiatric disorder. As can be seen from the name, PTSD does not have to be caused by the events of war, but by other traumatic events, as well. The aim of this research is to show the main factors that cause PTSD and the ones that cause PTSD comorbidity. This research was conducted in the period from April 1998 till October 1999. The participants were divided in two groups of 30: the first group consisted of 30 participants with symptoms of PTSD only and the second group included 30 participants with symptoms of PTSD and another psychiatric disorder. Both groups were quite similar with regard their gender and age. Research tools included: Standard Psychiatric Interview, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAD), and Drug and Alcohol Abuse Checklist (1, 2, 3). The evaluation showed that PTSD was most common among the male, aged 25-45 in both of the groups. Participants from both groups were exposed to traumatic events at least once, but the most frequent was the case of exposure to etiologic factors. This is the case with the participants of the second group because they had greater exposure to multiple traumatic events. In that group, the most common disorders associated with PTSD were as following: personality disorders (46.6%); depression (29.9%); drug abuse (13%); alcohol abuse (6.7%) and dissociative disorder (3.3%).

No abstract available.

Study concerning the possible impact of ABO antigens relations between parental and filial generations has been studied using population genetics analysis of mating system in the three samples of pregnancies (births), different with regard to the estimated “a priori” pregnancy risk. The evidence obtained supports the view that the ABO incompatibilities do not affect significantly the fertility of the mating pairs.

Our comparative study concerning malignant lymphoma in Sarajevo Region according to W.H.O. Classification from 1997 in periods 1989-1991 (before the aggression) and 1997-1999 (after the aggression). We expected increased incidence as well as better patient’s survival after the war duo to better diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The study included reclassification of all cases in period 1989-1991 and their immunohistochemical study. We compared results and determined distribution and relative frequency of each subtype. The prognostic indices and parameters are also included in our study.

Introduction. Early posttraumatic epileptics (EPTE) are epileptic attack that appear in First seven days after brain injury, with incidence of 3-5%. Predictors for development of EPTE are: impressive skull fracture with rupture of dura, intracranial hemorrhage, neurogical deficit (brain contusion), posttraumatic amnesia longer than 24 hours. It is more common in children than in adolescents and adults. It carries four times increased risk for development of late posttraumatic epilepsy. Aspects of pharmacological prophylaxis was often considered, but scientifically neglected, without clear standings regarding controversial data in literature. Methods. Patients with severe head injury, hospitalized at Neurosurgical Hospital, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, in period from 6 of April 1992 till 1 01 of July 1994, were included in study. Prophylaxis of EPTE was carried out with Phenobarbital (2-3 mg/kg) or Phenytoin (3mg/kg) parenteray. Decision was made upon clinical findings. CT scan was done in 13,5% patients and in 31,2% patients serum concentrations of antiepileptic drugs were monitored. Results. 314 patients aged 0-20 years (106 patients 0-10ycars, and 209 patients 11-20 years) were investigated. Predictors of EPTE presented were posttraumatic amnesia longer than 24 hours in 90,4%, neurogical deficit in 86,6%, impressive skull fracture with rupture of dura in 81,5% and intracranial hemorrhage in 41, 1%. Only two boys developed EPTE in first 24 hours after injury. Conclusion. This study has showed that use of antiepileptic drugs can decrease incidence of EPTE. However, problem remains, management of injured patients is still highly individualized, based on different experiences of doctors that treat patient and without clear guidelines.