This paper presents one practical method for the corrosion protection of armature tower foundations at overhead lines – the cathodic protection concept. The paper presents possible mechanisms of steel corrosion in concrete, as well as a discussion of the application of two dominant concepts: impressed current cathodic protection system and the system with galvanic anodes. The first system has the better performance and it is proposed as very efficient protection. In practice, for ensuring a significant saving in the supply of electrical energy from the distribution network, the application of solar energy system as support for impressed current cathodic protection system has been proposed. Also, real applications are been discussed with a presentation to satisfy need criterions and standards for each component of this system.

The impact of certain exogenous factor (socio-economic, ecological) has been investigated with special attention paid to the parents' living standard, and number of family members on some anthropometric parameters like: body height, body mass, chest circumference, upper leg circumference, upper arm circumference, sitting height, arm length, leg length, pelvis width, shoulders width, lenght of head and with of head on the sample of 698 boys aged 11 to 16 (17) years in the Tuzla region (the northeastern Bosnia, Western Balkan peninsula). Anthropometric measurements have been carried out using methodology proposed by the International Biological program (IBP). The results of these investigations have shown that there is a certain impact of the socio-economic conditions on the growth and development of boys. Children from families that have better living standard are, as a rule, taller, which is indicated by the statistical significant differences (P > 0.01). This trend indicates also value of Body Mass Index (BMI), which is in younger children from the families with lower living standard 16, while in the same category in the children from the families with better living standard it has value 18.5. The real impact of living conditions on the dynamics of development could be the best seen in the period of puberty. The number of children in the family has negative relationship with anthropometric features. Statistically significant differences (P > 0.001) have been detected in numerous analysed features in families with one or two children in comparison with families with three, four, or five children. Therefore, BMI has been significantly lower (16) in children from families with several children, while in the families with one child in the same growth class (11 years) it was significantly higher (17.4). Similar value of BMI (17.9) have children from the families with five children and which are 17 years old. Besides socio-economic conditions, high level of environmental pollution which is typical for Tuzla region for a long time, has also significant impact on the growth and development of children.

In order to have a robotic system able to effectively learn by imitation and not merely reproduce the movements of a human teacher, the system should have the capability to deeply understand the perceived actions to be imitated. This paper deals with the development of a cognitive architecture for learning by imitation in which a rich conceptual representation of the observed actions is built. The purpose of the following discussion is to show how the same conceptual representation can be used both in a bottom-up approach, in order to learn sequences of actions by imitation learning paradigm, and in a top-down approach, in order to anchor the symbolical representations to the perceptual activities of the robotic system. Experiments concerned with the problem of teaching a humanoid robotic system simple manipulative tasks are reported.

Background. The significant advancement in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome can be attributed to prenatal identification of high risk pregnancies, prevention of illness through antenatal care, prenatal administration of glucocorticoids, advancement in respiratory support and surfactant therapy. These measures resulted in the reduction of mortality and morbidity rates in preterm infants. Patients and methods. We analyzed data of 78 preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome hospitalized in the NICU of the Pediatric Clinic, KCU Sarajevo. All children included in the study were mechanically ventilated and treated with one or more doses of bovine surfactant (Survanta) as rescue therapy. Surfactant was given to children with clinical and radiological signs of RDS, who required FiO2>0,40. We used the standard procedure of giving surfactant therapy to intubated children in sterile conditions, after we confirmed, by X-ray, correct tube placement. Results. We investigated the clinical efficacy of surfactant in relation to time of administration, O 2 requirement and necessity of one or more doses of surfactant. We found that early treatment with surfactant replacement- within 6 hours of birth- is more effective, and resulted in a significant reduction of mortality rate (p<0,01). Treatment with multiple doses is more effective in comparison to one dose, although there was not a significant difference (p<0,20) between the treated groups. There is a significant difference (p<0,01) between groups related to O 2 requirement. In the group of babies which required 60% or more O 2 concentration in inhaled air at the time of surfactant replacement, mortality rate was significantly higher (p<0,01). Conclusion. Our study confirmed the benefits of surfactant therapy in preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome. We confirmed the advantages of early treatment vs. late treatment, but we could not confirm the obvious advantage of multiple over single doses. So, a reasonable recommendation is to treat the infants as soon as clinical signs of developing respiratory distress appear with an individual dose for each infant.

We have previously shown that T cells utilize an evolutionarily conserved network of polarity proteins to orchestrate cell shape and polarity, and that these proteins are required for migration and immunological synapse formation in T cells (1). We describe here in vitro evidence using the OT-1 model system that T cells utilize this polarity network to conduct a physiological process not previously ascribed to lymphocytes, that of asymmetric cell division. We demonstrate that naive T cells remain attached to antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells pulsed with ovalbumin peptide) throughout cell division, and utilize this attachment to orient their axis of cell division. By maintaining the asymmetry originally associated with immunological synapse formation, the daughters of the T cell division inherit different molecular characteristics, which provide the capacity to dictate different subsequent fates. A network of PDZ-containing proteins regulates T cell polarity and morphology in motility and immunological synapse formation

CD46 is a ubiquitously expressed human cell surface protein that acts as a receptor for complements for various pathogens including the measles virus. We demonstrated that ligation of the immunoregulatory cell surface receptor, CD46, altered T cell polarity and impaired activation and effector function in response to TCR or NK cell receptor signalling. However the molecular mechanisms by which T cell function is inhibited are not known. We have previously shown that CD46 binds to the polarity protein, Discs large (Dlg), and that this interaction is important for the polarized localization of CD46. Specifically, CD46 localizes to the uropod of T cells, and to the distal pole of T cells undergoing antigen presentation. Polarization of CD46 is partially reduced by mutation of the Dlg-binding site, and is also partially reduced by mutation of the Cysteine residue in the transmembrane domain that is palmitoylated to allow association of CD46 with lipid rafts. However, comparison of CD46 mutants suggests that other determinants are also important in CD46 polarization. We hypothesize that the ERM proteins interacts with CD46, regulates its polarization in T cells, and perhaps play a role in CD46 signal transduction. To assess this we have generated mutations in the ERM-binding consensus sequences of CD46 and expressed these mutants in a uropod-containing T cell line for functional characterization. These studies will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which CD46 exerts its immunoregulatory effects.