Generally, Arnold – Chiari malformation associated with syringomyelia is not rare. In this case report we present a 52 years old female patient with a history of neck-pain, low-back pain, pain in both arms as well as frequent numbness in the lateral regions of both arms. She also experienced walk disturbance and in her previous history she reports a car accident, twenty-eight years ago. She broke windshield with her forehead, but remained conscious at the time. At the time of admittance at the Department of Neurology, her neurological status was remarkable for cerebellar symptomatology (ataxia, positive Romberg-sign, «finger–nose» test which she did with tremor and was not able to perform «tandem-walk»), hypoestesia of the right side of the body, hyper-reflection of both arms and legs, bilaterally, more pronounced at the right side; right foot subclonus and spastic-ataxic walk. Neurological status could not be explained by previously performed tests: x-ray of cervical spine, lumbal myelography, computerized tomography (CT) of the brain. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and cervical spine verified Arnold-Chiari malformation (type I) associated with syringomyelia from C3 to C7. Patient was referred to surgery and subsequent physical rehabilitation.

The influence of temporal and spatial context during haptic roughness perception was investigated in two experiments. Subjects examined embossed dot patterns of varying average dot distance. A two-alternative forced-choice procedure was used to measure discrimination thresholds and biases. In Experiment 1, subjects had to discriminate between two stimuli that were presented simultaneously to adjacent fingers, after adaptation of one of these fingers. The results showed that adaptation to a rough surface decreased the perceived roughness of a surface subsequently scanned with the adapted finger, whereas adaptation to a smooth surface increased the perceived roughness (i.e. contrast after effect). In Experiment 2, subjects discriminated between subsequent test stimuli, while the adjacent finger was stimulated simultaneously. The results showed that perceived roughness of the test stimulus shifted towards the roughness of the adjacent stimulus (i.e. assimilation effect). These contextual effects are explained by structures of cortical receptive fields. Analogies with comparable effects in the visual system are discussed.

Flour is a raw material, more exactly grocery very sensitive on external influence. Namely, due to the hygroscopic nature of the flour it is good base for microbial growth. Normal moisture content in flour ranges from 13 to 15 %. An increase in moisture contents makes conditions suitable for microbial growth, accelerating the enzymatic activity and spoiling of flour. The storage conditions have a great influence on the moisture content, especially temperature and humidity. The flour reaction to the storage condition is based to its chemical composition, which is related to the moisture, fat and proteins content. Baking function is dependable upon the storage condition and storage period, as well as acting of the flour during making of dough, and baking of made dough. The aim of this study was to establish behaviour of different flour types (T-500, T-850 and whole meal flour) stored at temperatures +4 and 20 °C and defined humidity. Each flour sample was analyzed determining its chemical contents and farinograph characteristics immediately after milling and after 10 and 21 day, and baking test was done on those days. The obtained results proved that storage conditions significantly affected the chemical composition of composite flours, as well as baking functions of flour and characteristics of baked bread.