The mildest inflammatory changes postoperatively were found in the staple group followed by those in the Hem-O-Lok group.

This paper describes the design and initial evaluation of Dewey, a do-it-yourself (DIY) robot prototype aimed to help users manage break-taking in the workplace. We describe the application domain, prototyping and technical implementation, and evaluation of Dewey in a real office environment to show how research using simple prototypes can provide valuable insights into user needs and practices at the early stages of socially assistive robot design.

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) is becoming an indispensable tool to non-invasively study tumor characteristics. However, many different DCE-analysis methods are currently being used. To compare and validate different methods, histology is the gold standard. For this purpose, exact co-localization between histology and MRI images is a prerequisite. In this study a methodology is developed to validate DCE-data with histology with an emphasis on correct registration of DCE-MRI and histological data. A pancreatic tumor was grown in a rat model. The tumor was dissected after MR imaging, embedded in paraffin, and cut into thin slices. These slices were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, digitized and stacked in a 3D volume. Next, the 3D histology was registered to ex-vivo SWI-weighted MR images, which in turn were registered to in-vivo SWI and DCE images to achieve correct co-localization. Semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters were calculated. Preliminary results suggest that both pharmacokinetic and heuristic DCE-parameters can discriminate between vital and non-vital tumor regions. The developed method offers the basis for an accurate spatial correlation between DCE-MRI derived parametric maps and histology, and facilitates the evaluation of different DCE-MRI analysis methods.

We declare no conflict of interest. Systematic reporting of infectious diseases by health workers and laboratories provides basic data needed for evaluating public health conditions.1 Primary care physicians (n = 277) involved in routine infectious disease reporting were involved in this study aiming to determine their attitudes towards infectious disease reporting and to measure their medical knowledge, which is important for infectious disease notification. Most of the incorrect answers towards knowledge on diagnoses registered in Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in the previous year were related to tetanus (61.0% incorrect answers – examinees thought the disease was not notified in the previous year at all); psittacosis (59.2%); Q fever (56.1%); hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (54.1%); brucellosis (44.0%); and leptospirosis (38.4%). All of these diseases are zoonosis and all of them require hospitalization and can be fatal. Lyme’s disease is widespread in AP Vojvodina. Yet, 14.4% of physicians were not aware of the prevalence of Lyme’s disease. With regards to unregistered infectious diseases in the AP Vojvodina in the previous year (and in many cases, even decades back), the most incorrect answers were related to measles (41.5%) and pertussis (19.1%). There was a single case of measles reported in the AP Vojvodina since 2000 with the exception of the measles outbreak in 2007 (22 cases). Cases of pertussis are diagnosed very rarely and not every year. On the other hand, it must be mentioned that more than 8% of physicians thought that diphtheria was still present in Vojvodina (it was eliminated in 1976), and about 5% of physicians thought human rabies was still present in Vojvodina (was eliminated in 1964).The worst results for familiarity with diseases that require mandatory reporting were obtained for congenital rubella syndrome (40.1% of incorrect answers), followed by streptococcal pneumonia, diseases caused by H. influenzae, lambliasis, and abdominal typhus. Closer collaboration and improved communication between public health officials and primary health physicians, and the appointment of personnel dedicated to the notification and reporting of infectious diseases in addition to improved training of primary care physicians could advance infectious disease reporting and thus increase infectious disease surveillance.2,3,4 [Braz J Infect Dis 2011;15(2):188]©Elsevier Editora Ltda.

BACKGROUND Polypharmacy in psychiatry is becoming the rule rather than the exception. Using more drugs at same time usually occurs where single drugs are considered insufficiently effective. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 216 patients: 85 from Sarajevo, and 44 and 87 respectively from Mostar and Tuzla. All schizophrenic patients who were hospitalised in three University Centers of F/BiH (Sarajevo, Tuzla, Mostar) on a particular day are included in the study. This included patients of both sexes (131 (60.65%) males and 85 females (39.35%)), 20-60 ages, who were on antipsychotic treatment with an established diagnosis of schizophrenia by the treating psychiatrist. The research was performed in the year 2004. The census of patients was conducted simultaneously in all three Centers, using a questionnaire in which all routine prescribed antipsychotics were registered, as the common method of the administration, and the doses as well saving as data for other medications that were simultaneously prescribed to the patients that day. RESULTS Within the total sample the most frequently applied classical antipsychotics were haloperidol, promazine and from the group of new antipsychotics clozapine. The most frequently used other medications were biperidine and diazepam. The administration of all medication was followed through recording of individual doses, daily doses and frequency of administration. There are statistically significant differences regarding the frequency of biperidine use between the centers (p=0.008). CONCLUSION In three University Clinical Centers of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo, Tuzla and Mostar), the applied rule is that more drugs in the treatment of schizophrenic psychosis and doing polypharmacy is the inevitable approach to treatment. The concept behind the polypharmacy is based on the fact that antipsychotic drugs do not cover all the symptoms of schizophrenic psychosis, and that additional medications may correct iatrogenic side effects caused by antipsychotic drugs. It is expected that the new atypical antipsychotics will treat much broader symptoms of psychosis and will not cause extrapyramidal side effects, as do the typical antipsychotics.