Replacement therapy is a treatment that is not based on accepted medical knowledge and science that is not in accordance with current medical doctrine. Additional treatment is not contrary to the accepted doctrine of medical schools, but serves only as a supplement to the accepted treatment. Most general practitioners in England and Germany do not contradict these forms of treatment. On average 2/3 of patients with MS in the course of the disease try alternate options and additional treatment. Alternate forms of treatment that are most commonly used are: diet, homeopathy, chiropractic procedures and methods of relaxation Detrimental eff ects of alternative and complementary treatments for patients with MS is not known, but we must avoid the use of active substances entering the body and blood of patients, because in that way we can start a modifi ed immune response. Used are acupuncture, and particularly yoga. Cannabis takes special place. Cannabinoids have antioxidant and neuroprotective eff ect. Oral cannabinoids and marijuana smoking can relieve some symptoms of MS including spasm and pain. Th e controlled studies did not validate the eff ect of oral cannabinoids on spasm in MS. Th e aim is to give a brief overview of dietary supplements and the eff ects of certain vitamins, minerals and oil in people with multiple sclerosis.

4 th international epilepsy symposium in Pula – how to start seizure treatment Disorders of circulation in the brain caused by a reduced or complete interruption of blood fl ow in certain irrigation area, have resulted in " outage of some function " of the brain, depending on localization of disorder. If that outage lasts for a shorter period of time-up to 1 hour, we are talking about transient ischemic attacks, and if a neurological defi cit lasts longer than an hour, we are talking about stroke with thrombotic or embolic genesis. Stroke is despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances in medicine, the third leading cause of mortality in the world (after cardiovascular and malignant diseases), the second leading cause of disability (after trauma) and also the second leading cause of demen-tia. Previously there was the understanding that stroke is a disease of older age, today is the fact that 46% of stroke patients are aged 45-59 years. Th e leading risk factor for stroke is hypertension followed by smoking, heart disease and cardiac rhythm disturbances, especially atrial fi brillation, followed by diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, stress, physical inactivity, obesity, unhealthy diet... Atrial fi brillation with other cardiac rhythm disturbances is the cause for the occurrence of stroke in 20-25% of cases, and is much more common cause of TIA in both the front and rear brain circulation. Th e most frequently cardiac rhythm disturbances are the result of arteriosclerotic change of the heart and blood vessels, but atrial fi brillation can occur in the endo-crine metabolic disorders, mostly hyperthyroidism. At the Neurology Clinic in Sarajevo, we explored the correlation of atrial fi brillation in cases of TIA and ischemic stroke, and came to the conclusion that in cases of ischemic stroke, atrial fi brillation was present as the cause in 20%, and in TIA cases in as many as 27%. CONCLUSION-Atrial fi brillation has a significant place in the etiology of TIA, the anterior and posterior brain circulation, but also of defi nite isch-emic stroke. Duly detection of atrial fi brillation and its treatment it is possible to prevent the occurrence of defi nite stroke, at least in part.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and the expression levels of the interleukin 13 (I1-13) in the primary breast cancer tumour tissue in relation to the unchanged breast tissue in the same patients and to the breast tissue in the patients with benign breast disease, and to investigate the correlation between the IL-13 expression levels and the pathohistological factors, and between IL-13 expression and estrogens and progesterone receptor status. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 patients with invasive ductal breast cancer and 20 patients with benign breast diseases were included in this prospective case-control study. The three-step immunohistochemical staining was used for testing the levels of IL-13 expression and hormone receptor status. RESULTS IL-13 was present in breast cancer tumour tissue, and in the surrounding unchanged tissue in the same patients, and in breast tissue in patients with benign breast disease. The expression of IL-13 was significantly higher in breast cancer tumour compared with surrounding tissue (P < 0.05) of the same, lymph node-positive patients. In addition, IL-13 expression was significantly higher in breast cancer tumour compared with breast tissue in patients with benign breast diseases (P < 0.01). There was significant correlation between IL-13 expression and tumour size in patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer (r = 0.405, P = 0.050). There was no significant correlation between IL-13 expression and the other pathohistological factors, and no significant correlation between IL-13 expression and the lymph node status. CONCLUSION Obtained results suggest possible involvement of IL-13 in breast carcinogenesis.

INTRODUCTION The recent studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) indicate that genetics and environmental factors may play an important role in developing of PD. Nowadays, the cell death and cell adhesion are pathogenetic mechanisms which could be related with PD. On the basis of relationship of those mechanisms with PD, the aim of this study was to identify new candidate genes for PD by integration of results of transcriptomics studies and results obtained by Biomedical Discovery Support System (BITOLA). MATERIALS AND METHODS For the detection of functional relationship between potential candidate gene and pathogenetic mechanisms associated with PD, we designed strategy of integration of results of transcriptomics studies with discovery approach in bibliographic data bases and BITOLA. Data of chromosome location, tissue-specific expression, function of potential candidate genes and their association with genetics disorders were obtained from Medline, Locus Link, Gene Cards and OMIM. RESULTS Integration and comparison of results obtained using the BITOLA system and analysis of transcriptomics studies identified six genes (MAPT, UCHL1, NSF, CDC42, PARK2 and GFPT1) that occur simultaneously in both group of results. The function of genes NSF, CDC42 and GFPT1 in the pathogenesis of PD has not been studied yet. CONCLUSIONS According to our result that aforementioned genes appeared in both groups of results and partially match the criteria set for the selection of candidate genes and their potential role in the development of PD, they should be tested by methods specifically intended for those three genes.

Motivation: Ancestral genomes provide a better way to understand the structural evolution of genomes than the simple comparison of extant genomes. Most ancestral genome reconstruction methods rely on universal markers, that is, homologous families of DNA segments present in exactly one exemplar in every considered species. Complex histories of genes or other markers, undergoing duplications and losses, are rarely taken into account. It follows that some ancestors are inaccessible by these methods, such as the proto–monocotyledon whose evolution involved massive gene loss following a whole genome duplication. Results: We propose a mapping approach based on the combinatorial notion of ‘sandwich consecutive ones matrix’, which explicitly takes gene losses into account. We introduce combinatorial optimization problems related to this concept, and propose a heuristic solver and a lower bound on the optimal solution. We use these results to propose a configuration for the proto-chromosomes of the monocot ancestor, and study the accuracy of this configuration. We also use our method to reconstruct the ancestral boreoeutherian genomes, which illustrates that the framework we propose is not specific to plant paleogenomics but is adapted to reconstruct any ancestral genome from extant genomes with heterogeneous marker content. Availability: Upon request to the authors. Contact: haris.gavranovic@gmail.com; eric.tannier@inria.fr

According to the Code of Points (FIG, 2009) the balance beam difficulty value is determined by the sum of maximum 8 most difficult elements (including the dismount), fulfilling 5 composition requirements and by the values that exceed from the connections between the acrobatic elements, turns and acro-rhythmic elements. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of performed dance elements on the balance beam and their influence on: difficulty value, execution value and final score. The sample consisted of 109 women top junior athletes, who participated in qualifications on the European Championships in Birmingham in 2010. The results obtained showed that the gymnasts in average perform 4.28 dance elements in their balance beam routines. The highest frequency was determined to a C difficulty jump ˝switch leap˝ (N=101), to two A difficulty jumps: “wolf hop or jump from cross or side position” (N=83) and to ˝Sissone˝ (leg separation 180°) take off from both legs (N=61); and to A difficulty turn: “1/1 turn (360°) on one leg – free leg optional below horizontal” (N=66). Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant influence of some dance elements on the difficulty value of the exercise (p <0.05) and on the final score. Statistically significant influence of different dance elements on the execution value was not found.