Author of this paper spent 1479 days in the siege of Sarajevo, during the period of war time in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). This siege, lasting from 1992 to 1995 (e.g. Dayton Piece agreement was signed in November, 1995) represents the longest siege in the history of the world. Besides usual daily work, as the associate professor of Health education, Medical deontology and Medical informatics for the students of the Faculty of medicine, Faculty of dental medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nursing college of University of Sarajevo, the author organized by himself and contributors, 10 scientific conferences in a sieged Sarajevo. All presented papers at those conferences are published in Proceedings abstract books, as the proof of continuing scientific work, in Sarajevo and other cities in B&H. Additionally, the author continued to publish, in that time, unique PubMed/MedLine indexed journal, - Medical Archives, (i.e. established in 1947) and, in 1993 formed a new journal named - “Acta Informatica Medica” (AIM) , as the Journal of the Bosnian Society of Medical informatics. Bosnian Society of Medical Informatics, thus became the first scientific association from Bosnia and Herzegovina, included in 1994, in the European Federation of Medical Informatics (EFMI) and the International Medical Informatics Assiciation (IMIA) , which was “miracle” from the besieged Sarajevo and war time result of aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina. It should be noted that the importance of maintaining these academic gatherings, in the circumstances of war, was multifaceted. First of all, thanks to these meetings, the continuity of scientific meetings and activities in the besieged city of Sarajevo was not broken, as well as the continuity of scientific publication, which was crucial for the maintenance of the teaching staff at the university and, finally, in the expansion of the “scientific truth” about what happened in Sarajevo and B&H in these difficult times. All of this was critical to the “survival” of B&H and its people. Some of the published articles, especially in the Medical Archives journal, which even in difficult war conditions did not break the continuity of its publication, and then it was the only scientific journal indexed in B&H, having been consequently cited in the major biomedical data bases in the world. Many scientists abroad have had the opportunity to learn about some of the wonders of Sarajevo “war medicine”, thanks to this journal. Finally, despite the fact that it is another way of expressing its resistance to the aggression on B&H, the organized symposia in the war represented the continuity of the scientific research activities. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sarajevo under siege, in this way, kept in touch with the civilized world and modern achievements, despite the fact that they were victims of medieval barbarism. In addition, these meetings sent a powerful message to the world about the willingness to register and systematize all the war experiences, especially those related to medicine and medical practice, in terms of what Europe has not known, since the Second World War. Partially, we succeeded in that. The total number of 286 presentations were presented in seven war Conferences, as quantitative and qualitative contribution to the scientific activities, despite the inhuman conditions, in which these articles emerged. These presentations and Conferences testify to the enthusiasm of B&H community and academic institutions that have collaborated with it. Authors and co-authors presented the “war” articles that deserve to be mentioned in the monograph “1479 days of the siege of Sarajevo”. Unfortunately, many of these brave authors are not alive and cannot read this. The task for us remains to remember them by their own good. Old Persian proverb says; “The event which is not recorded is as like it had never happened”. Sapienti sat.

Introduction: Coronary heart disease and its etiology are complex socio-medical and clinical problem in this century. World Health Organization defined coronary artery disease as acute and chronic heart ailments due to disruption of flow and myocardial blood supply. Diseases of the cardiovascular system in spite of preventable risk factors are responsible for approximately 50% of all deaths in the developed world, and this ratio is higher in developing countries. Risk factors: Coronary heart disease risk factors can be divided in those which are not preventable such as: personal and family history of cardiovascular diseases, age and gender and preventable risk factors including: high blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol, smoking, reduced physical activity, elevated blood sugar, increased body weight, alcohol use, psychosocial factors and nutrition. There are also newly emerging risk factors which includes increased homocysteine, thrombogenic and inflammatory factors. Prevention of coronary heart disease risk factors: The concept of risk assessment factors, their reduction, initially begun in the Framingham Heart Study and refined in other models. Primary prevention relates to changing lifestyle and influencing preventable risk factors. Numerous studies and meta-analysis showed that lifestyle modification, risk reduction factors, particularly by changing diet, stopping smoking, increasing physical activity, blood pressure control can be effective in the prevention and reduction of coronary heart disease. Primary health care physicians i.e. family physicians need to take an active role in assessment of risk factors for coronary heart disease. Conclusion: The data in this paper, based on the findings from other studies, suggest the importance of using a modified algorithm in order to estimates the overall risk of coronary disease in high-risk groups among the patients in the primary health care settings.

Networks protocols are implemented in combinations of software, firmware, and hardware on each end of a connection. Introduction of multiservice networks demands more intelligent control over network usage and more efficient application development practices that enable achieving Quality–of-Service (QoS) goals. As applications over the network increase, so does the need to diagnose performance at the application level, knowing how traffic patterns are affected in terms of guaranteed bandwidth, delay and reliability. In this chapter, the concept for testing multiservice networks in real-life situations during stationary time intervals, by using expert-system-based protocol analysis, is described. The architecture of hardware and software needed for data acquisition and testing, that, as a working example, was conducted on a major network with live traffic, is proposed, as well as the appropriate algorithm for estimating standard QoS parameters from the measured data that mainly included decoding with precise time-stamps and expert-system comments, resulting from the appropriate processing of the network data.