Untreated anemia can caused significant cardiac and kidney damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of anemia and hyperglycemia treatment in type 2 diabetes and their impact on kidney and heart impairment. The study is clinical retrospective and prospective and it was conducted in Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Sarajevo. Prior to the study all patients were taking oral hypoglycemic drugs included sulfonylureas and biguanides. These subjects were put on 2 times daily fix mix insulin and biguanides after lunch. Each day, subjects received Iron tab 1 x 100 mg/ day, and C vitamin 1 x 100 mg/day. The results of our study are showing that effective treatment of glycaemia and anemia in patients with diabetes, reduces blood pressure, urine albumin secretion and pulse rate, diminishing cardiovascular damage and improving kidney function.

During the last several years, brucellosis has become an important public-health problem on a large territory part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The disease belongs to the zoonosis group, and can be caused by several bacterium species from Brucella genus. For human and veterinarian medicine, B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis and B. canis from Brucella genus are important, while other brucella species are found only in animals. The results of laboratory process of isolating Brucella melitensis, as well as of detection of specific antibacterial antibodies, are presented in this work. Namely, B. melitensis was isolated from blood samples (chemo-culture), as a causal agent of disease in one sixty years-old patient, treated during 2001. In pair serum samples of the patient, the presence of specific anti-brucella antibodies was confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively. In the serum I, ELISA test confirmed the presence of specific IgM antibodies of 25,7 U/ml, and IgG antibodies of 252 U/ml. In the serum II, IgM antibodies of 24,9 U/ml, and IgG antibodies of 311 U/ml were found. These results suggest and confirm established work diagnosis, and etiology causality of the disease with isolated bacterium.

This study assesses the relation between qualitative and quantitative findings of myocytes and interstitial connective tissue in the ischemic heart disease. Qualitative and quantitative changes of myocytes and interstitial connective tissue were studied on the serial cross myocardial sections from 20 autopsied hearts with ischemic lesions, stained by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody (von Willebrand factor) and with hematoxylin-eosin method. Myocardial sections included proximal and distal part of occlusion and area of occlusion of coronary vessels. The volume densities (V V) of the cardiac myocytes and interstitial fibrosis in the group with coronary occlusion were examined stereologically and compared with control group. The findings showed a significant reduction in the volume density of myocytes and an increase in the volume density of interstitial fibrosis in patients with coronary occlusion compared with control group. Significant reduction in the volume density of myocytes and an increase in volume density of interstitial fibrosis were greater in the distal part of occlusion and area of occlusion, than in the proximal part of the occlusion. Our stereological results give useful quantitative information's of changes in myocardium parts during coronary occlusion as well as in normal conditions, and represent objective proof of significant changes in ischemic myocardium described by qualitative analyses.

Typhus exanthematicus in Bosnia and Herzegovina held in endemic areas from which especially quickly began spread after 1945. That year, in 1945, one hundred epidemics of typhus fever appeared, with the highest incidence rate in Europe of 215.04 per 1,000. Directions of unique program in the world were to eradicate lice of the body, but also establish monitoring of the recidivism, Brill-Zinsser disease. Since 1971, typhus exanthematicus (classical typhus) hasn't appeared in Bosnia and Herzegovina, so epidemic typhus can considered as an eradicated communicable disease.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a generalized skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue and susceptibility to fracture. Most frequently it occurs in postmenopausal women and the aged. It is a chronic condition of multifactorial etiology and is a major global healthcare problem in developed and rising in developing countries. Patients with uncomplicated OP are usually asymptomatic which contributes to serious under-diagnosing of this potentially devastating condition. It is estimated that less than half of patients with OP are diagnosed in many developed countries. Therefore preventive measures and timely diagnosis have to be a key aspect of management of this disorder. In this article we briefly underline pato-physiology of the disorder, review current methods of measuring bone mineral density, describe risk factors and evaluate current and potential therapies.

This systematic review considers the most recent attitudes and news regarding the influence of the stroma on tumor initiation and progression. It is now widely accepted that tumor stroma plays an active role in carcinogenesis. Many different signaling molecules, ligands and signaling pathways recently have been discovered. This review considers the complexity of interactions between malignant cells and its stroma (cross-talk). The recent advances and better understanding of the tumor-stroma interactions will have important impact on the new and combined therapeutic approaches and modalities.

Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi metabolicki status visokomlijecnih krava u prvih 120 dana laktacije na tri obiteljske farme razlicite s obzirom na pasminsku strukturu, nacin ishrane i držanje životinja. Istraživanjem je bilo obuhvaceno ukupno 65 krava (farma A, n=30, Holstein-Frisien pasmina-HF, slobodni nacin držanja ; farma B, n=16, simentalska pasmina, vezani nacin držanja ; farma C, n=19, HF pasmina, vezani nacin držanja), starosti između tri i sedam godina. Uzorci krvi i mlijeka za analizu uzeti su od svake krave u prvih 30 dana laktacije, između 30. i 60. dana, 60. i 90. dana i 90. i 120. dana laktacije. U prvih 30 dana laktacije utvrđena je znacajno niža (p<0, 05) koncentracija glukoze i albumina, manja aktivnost ALT i veca aktivnost AST u odnosu na ostala promatrana razdoblja. Koncentracija BHMK i uree u krvi i mlijeku nije se znacajno mijenjala tijekom razdoblja rane laktacije, dok je na njihovu koncentraciju kao i na koncentraciju UP u krvi znacajan utjecaj imala farma. Najniža proizvodnja mlijeka kao i znacajno niža koncentracija UP, uree i BHMK u krvi te uree i BHMK u mlijeku utvrđena je na farmi B u odnosu na ostale dvije farme (P<0, 05).

Speaking about transition in agriculture, we think on agriculture in transition countries, that is Central and Eastern European Countries. Such development is observed from the perspective of the European Union, discussing about possibilities as well as restrictions brought with accession of the CEECs to the Union, but also from the CEECs point of view. In this analysis we examine some consequences of changes in agricultural policy in the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The general conception should help in recognizing strategical guidelines for local development of agriculture and rural areas within the current and coming frame of Bosnia and Herzegovina. By the process of adjusting the agricultural sector, but also the agricultural policy, it should be improved competitiveness of domestic agriculture. That is why in this paper we use the cost-benefi t analysis in estimation the consequences of changes in subsidies and custom rates in specifi c case of construction new plantations and production of apples, that is in evaluation advantages and limitations of agriculture. The results of the analysis provide more objective illustration of domestic agricultural sector in internatioal environment.