Introduction. Every patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus secretes less insulin than necessary for his/her level of insulin sensitivity, and many of them have some degree of insulin resistance. The mix of insulin defi ciency and insulin resistance is different for each patient and, in any patient, it may vary during the course of the disease. The aim of our study was to examine the degree of -cells function and the presence of insulin resistance in patients with a long-standing type 2 diabetes. Methods. The study included 30 patients of both sexes (12 males, 18 females), with the mean values of age 59 years (SD=7.88) and the disease duration of 10 years (SD=5.36). The mean value of BMI was 31 kg/m2 (SD=4.74). The fasting glucose and insulin concentrations and HbA1c in the blood were determined by the standard laboratory methods. The percentages of functional -cells in the pancreas (HOMA%B), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated using a HOMA calculator v2.2. Then, the data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 19. Results. The mean HbA1c was 10 % (SD=1.52) and FBG 12 mmol/L (SD=4.15). The mean insulin was 13 μmol/L (SD=6.11) and HOMA-%B 31 % (SD=18.99). The median value of HOMA-%S was 49% (32.2-82.4) and HOMA-IR 2 (1.2-3.1). 87% of patients had a HOMA-IR >1. Conclusion. The highly reduced -cells function and the consequent insulin defi ciency, usually combined with the moderate insulin resistance was determined in the patients with a long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Conflict of interest: none declared. Goals The goals of this research are: a) to determine the number, gender and age representation of patients with a working diagnosis of acute stroke referred by the Institute for Emergency Medical Care (IEMC) in the Clinical Center of Sarajevo University (CCSU); b) determine the incidence of patients that have been or have not been hospitalized and why; c) determine the time and procedure for emergency medical care; d) to determine the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke at the Neurology Clinic CCUS. Material and methods The study was retrospective and included time period from 1st June 2010 to 30th November 2010. The study included patients of both sexes, older than 18 years of age. Results The study included a total of 233 patients. Of these, 65% are female, while 35% of patients were male. Of 82 patients who were admitted to hospital treatment at the Neurology Clinic, 55% of the patients were male and 45% female. The largest number of patients is older than 70 years (71%). Minimum time for emergency medical team arrival was 6 minutes and maximum 70 minutes (mean 35, SD 11.989). Motor weakness was noted in 31% of patients – left sided motor weakness was significantly more represented. In 73% of patients the diagnosis was confirmed. In 5% of patients thrombolytic therapy was administered, while 95% of patients were treated conservatively. Lethal outcome occurred in 30% of hospitalized patients, 37% were discharged as recovered, 30% were discharged as unaltered state, while 3% were discharged with worsening symptoms. Among risk factors, hypertension is the leading one, followed by an earlier stroke, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac arrhythmias. Conclusions In 91% of patients consciousness was preserved. In 73% of transported patients has been confirmed the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Of the patients with confirmed diagnosis 59% were hospitalized. A significant number of strokes occur for the first time in relation to relapse. 5% of patients were treated with thrombolysis, while others were treated with conservative therapy. Recurrent stroke and patient confusion have significant impact on the outcome.