NM 23 protein was originally identified as a metastasis suppressor protein. The expression of NM23 has been correlated with tumour metastatic potential in various human carcinoma, mostly in ductal breast and colorectal carcinomas. Evidence for their expression in gastric cancer is rather contradictory, both for protein expression status and prognostic value. This study was done to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of NM23 in gastric carcinoma, and correlation of the degree of staining with clinicopathological parameters was investigated. In a retrospective immunohistochemical study specimens obtained from 56 gastric cancer patients who had undergone gastrectomy with perigastric lymphadenectomy were analysed, in correlation with classical clinical-pathological parameters of tumours, WHO-, Lauren-, Goseki-, and Ming- classification. NM 23 gene expression was compared in gastric adenocarcinoma and tumour-adjacent non-neoplastic gastric mucosa. A semiquantitative immunostaining evaluation (score 0-3) was used, counting the percentage of stained cells. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Spearman rank correlation test. The investigated group consisted of 40 males and 16 females (2.5:1) with a mean age of 63 years (range: 48-81 years). The percentage of positive expression of NM23 (score 3) were in 30 (53.5%) specimens in non-neoplastic mucosa in adjacent gastric carcinoma, and negative (score 0-2) in all 56 (100%) specimens of gastric adenocarcinoma. NM23 expression was higher in non-neoplastic mucosa than in adjacent gastric adenocarcinoma tissue (p<0.0001). NM23 protein expression did not correlate with gender (p=0.115), tumour size (p=0.844), tumour grade (p=0.172), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.606), lymph node metastases (p=0.311), Lauren classification (p=0.426), Goseki classification (p=0.458) and Ming classification (p=0.212). Our series did not show a significant correlation between NM23 expression and analysed clinico-pathological variables, but these results suggest that protein NM23 may have a role in gastric carcinoma pathogenesis.

OBJECTIVE This study is to define the statistical significance for detection of ESBL producers by the double disk synergy test and molecular test (Check-MDR CT102), microdilution test (VITEK 2 with AES) and double disk synergy test (DDST), as well as the microdilution test and molecular test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phenotypic testing of 55 isolates Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli (14/55), Klebsiella pneumoniae (34/55), Klebsiella oxytoca (3/55) and Proteus mirabilis (4/55) was performed by VITEK 2 Compact/AES. When this test showed positive results for the ESBL phenotype, then DDST with amoxicillin/clavulanate, ceftazidime, cefpodoxime, aztreonam, ceftriaxone and cefoxitin disks was performed along with Check-MDR CT102 which identified CTX-M, TEM and SHV β-lactamases. RESULTS Applying the McNemar test, we determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the results of detection of ESBLs bacteria using DDST compared to molecular methods (95% CI=41.92 to 54.55; p<0.0001), as well as a DDST and VITEK 2/AES (95% CI=40.13 to 52.73; p<0.0001). We did not find any statistically significant difference in the results of detection of ESBL producers using molecular techniques and VITEK 2/AES (CI=-4,43 to 5,36; p=1). Also we did not find any statistical.. difference between the resistance to cefpodoxime and ceftriaxone (50/50) compared to the results of molecular tests. CONCLUSION In routine daily testing, good detection of ESBLs bacteria, especially CTX-M can be obtained with phenotypic methods with VITEK 2/AES and by DDST with cefpodoxime, and ceftriaksone disks.

OBJECTIVE Serratia marcescens is a well-established as a nosocomial pathogen, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to investigate an outbreak of Serratia marcescens at the Orthopaedic Clinic of the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. METHODS A total of 96 strains from 79 patients were isolated. The isolates were identified by conventional methods. Susceptibility testing was performed by the discdiffusion method following CLSI guidelines. Results were confirmed by VITEC-2 Compact. RESULTS From January to December 2010, 96 strains from 79 patients were isolated at the Orthopaedic Clinic of the Clinical Center, University of Sarajevo.The strains were isolated from wound swabs, blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid. The strains were identifed using current phenotypic methods as Serratia marcescens with identical biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. All strains were susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam. The infection control team was alerted and after investigation they discovered the same phenotype of Serratia marcescens in the anaesthetic vials used in procedures. This outbreak was extremely difficult to terminate, even with cohorting of patients, sterilisation of equipment, reinforcement of handwashing and deep-cleaning of facilities. The implementation of new control measures terminated the outbreak in February 2011. CONCLUSION Continuous monitoring of nosocomial infections is indispensable. Phenotypic characterization of the isolates is useful for studying the relationship of microbial pathogens. The relationship of one clinical isolate to another during an outbreak is important in motivating the search for a common source or mode of transmission.

UNLABELLED We report a case of an unsual anatomical vascular blood supply to the right kidney. In an analysis of kidneys, by dissection of 39 foetuses, additional renal arteries were found in 18 cases (46.15%). In only one case (2.5%) was it noticed that the right kidney was supplied with blood by three renal arteries, one main and two additional arteries. One of the additional arteries, marked as the upper pole artery of aortic origin, separated from the thoracic aorta at the level of T11 (the eleventh thoracic rib), 1.5 cm above the truncus coeliacus. This artery, after passing through the diaphragm, entered the renal hilus at its upper part and served to vasculate that part of the kidney. CONCLUSION The importance of this study is seen in the fact that anatomic knowledge of variations in the vascularization of the kidneys is of exceptional practical importance. Also, this information may concern transplant surgeons involved in living donor nephrectomies.

As recommended by the GEC-ESTRO work group, it is important for the 3D image guided CT, or MRI based brachytherapy of cer-A B C D vical cancer to verify what dose is received by 0.1 cm 3 , 1 cm 3 and 2 cm 3 (D 0,1cc , D 1cc and D 2cc , respectively) of the bladder and rectum volume (1). Intracavitary brachytherapy was applied with applicators type Fletcher tandem and ovoids, once a week on a HDR regime (high dose rate). Delineation of organs at risk (bladder and rectum) was made after each computer tomography (Panel A). The bladder and rectum were delineated on each