Analog network coding (ANC) as a simple implementation of physical layer network coding based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been proposed to increase the network capacity and reliability of bi-directional link between a pair of users. In ANC protocol, an information between a pair of users is exchanged through two orthogonal time phases (i.e., multiple-access and broadcast phases). On the other hand, the phase noise (PN) introduces phase offset and inter carrier interference (ICI) to the useful signal. Thus, in ANC scheme PN will affect the useful signal during both multiple-access and broadcast phases. In this article, we present a performance analysis of ANC scheme using OFDM in the presence of PN in frequency-selective fading channel. We derive the total composite variance of ANC scheme in the presence of PN to obtain the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) expression. Then, we evaluate the system’s performance in terms of bit error rate (BER), SINR degradation, and ergodic capacity through both numerical and computer simulations. Computer simulated average BER has been consistent with the numerical results, validating the presented analysis. Our results have shown that the ANC scheme is more sensitive to the PN introduced during the broadcast phase (i.e., at destination) than during the multiple-access phase (i.e., at relay). This is because of the higher ICI to the useful signal and enhanced noise due to the imperfect self-information removal at the destination. In addition, the performance degradation of ANC scheme based on OFDM in the presence of PN is highly expressed for the PN linewidth values up to 20 Hz.

The paper reports the profile of individual organic acids and phenolic content in fresh fruit and jam from three populations of cornelian cherry ( Cornus mas L.) wild genotypes originating from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Immediately after harvest, jams were cooked at maximum 80°C from the corresponding fruit. The jam was sampled in five replications at three different storage times for each region: immediately after processing, and then after four and six months of storage, for individual organic acids and phenolics by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The phenolic compounds found in the fresh fruit were also found in the jams - however, in significantly lower amounts in jam. The three most abundant phenolic compounds found in cornelian cherry fruit as well as in the corresponding jams were procyanidin B1, quercetin 3- O -robinobioside and peonidin 3- O -glucoside. Jam contained dramatically lower levels of phenolic compounds compared to fresh fruit. The most stable phenolic compounds were flavonols where the smallest losses were recorded. The levels of flavan 3-ols, hydroxycinnamicacid, flavonols and anthocyanins declined more during jam processing than during storage, with a significant influence of the growing region.

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