Triangulation of the polygon is one of the fundamental algorithm computational geometry. This paper describes one method triangulations of a convex polygon. The notation that is obtained is expressed in the form of binary records. A presented method of triangulations is based on Lukasiewicz's algorithm and binary trees. Particularly, we present the implementation for creating binary for triangulation polygons. As evaluation of presented method we provide Java implementation for binary notation for triangulation polygons. Java application displays a correlation betwe notation and the graphical representation. of recording of polygon

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and the leading cause of death. Frequency and mortality are significantly reduced thanks to cytological Papanicolau test (PAP). Regular PAP test can reduce approximately 80% of cases of this cancer Aim of the study: To examine frequency of cervical cancer and changes of cervix, the age of risk for the changes and effect of frequency of PAP test. Materials and methods: 3383 PAP (cytological) findings have been retrospectively ana lysed in three Health Centres of Tuzla Canton: Tuzla, Srebrenik and Sapna. During 2010 and 2011 protocols of Health Centers have been analyzed. Results: Analysis of 3383 smears detected the following: abnormal PAP tests in 20.8% (705) and without abnormalities in 79.1% (2678). Normal findings in 9.1% (311), inflammatory changes in 69.6% (2357), ASCUS in 12.9% (438), ASC-H in 0.3% (11), LSIL in 5.4% (183), HSIL in 1.4% (49) and Squamous cell carcinoma in 0.7% (24). Cervical cancer has mostly been found in women from Srebrenik 1.1% (15) and least in women from Tuzla 0.3%(4).The highest number of abnormal findings (ASCUS, ASC-H , LSIL, H SIL and Cc) was also found in women from Srebrenik 39.5% (279). The average age of the examinees with the cancer was 41.7. In 62.5% (15) of women PAP test was performed for the first time and they were diagnosed with cervical cancer. Cervical cancer hasn’t been found in women who had PAP test once a year or more. Conclusion: Women with the abnormal findings in their first PAP test and should be persuaded to accept the treatment in order to prevent development of cervical cancer.

Pharmacoeconomic (PE) is becoming more important in pharmaceutical reimbursement decision and drug evaluation. To ensure its appropriate application, conduction and assessment of studies it is important to have well trained and educated professionals. Pharmaceutical faculties all over the world have established PE in under- and post-graduate curricula’s. In this pilot research we examine situation in B&H. In Bosnia-Herzegovina, education in this field is poor and only one faculty for pharmacy has introduced PE as subject in its program. Objective of this study is to explore understanding of PE and its concept and analysis and to evaluated adopted knowledge among graduate (fifth year/tenth semester) pharmacy students who have listened subject “pharmacoeconomics” in previous semester. A self-administered questionnaire was developed consisted of 12 questions and survey was conducted among students. Results are analyzed in MS Excel and we used descriptive statistics. Even graduate students have lessons from PE they understand its scope and definition, but do not feel capable for conducting PE studies, but show interest in additional education and getting competencies in this field finding it applicable in their future professional engagements.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization estimates annually in the world die due to CVI every sixth women and 10th man. This paper is the research of the correlation between changes in relative air humidity and stroke (CVA) in the Sarajevo Canton. Included are patients who experienced an acute stroke in the Canton of Sarajevo and treated in the pre hospital phase by the staff of the Institute for Emergency Medicine. Days with stroke and those without cases of stroke were compared within three years and meteorological data for those days were obtained by the Weather Bureau of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Meteorological data include measurements of average humidity every day at 7, 14 and 21 o’clock in three years. Aim: To evaluate the significance of the influence of humidity on the incidence of CVI’s. Show the trend towards CVI in the reporting period and is it correlated with the trend of change in relative humidity in those days. Correlate the incidence of stroke as determined in relation to gender, age and selected climatic parameter. Material and Methods: This article presents a retrospective study. Subjects were patients of Emergency Medical Care Institute in Sarajevo, which in the period from 2004 to 2006 had a CVI. Included are patients who had a working diagnosis of stroke for the first time or as a repeated stroke. Analysis of cases of stroke was carried out by gender, age, days and seasons by descriptive-analytical epidemiological methods. Results: In total were registered 1930 patients during three years period. According to years of research in 2004–635, 2005-616 and 2006 – 679. It was found that when testing the null hypothesis about the effects of humidity in two months with a maximum stroke in the year and days without CVI and relative humidity only in 2005 had a statistically significant effect on the incidence of stroke, while during the other two years of the study there was no impacts. It turned out that the extreme values of relative humidity of the day whether there was a rapid increase or decrees in humidity increases the incidence of stroke in all three years of research. Conclusion: Patients gender had no effect on the incidence of CVI. Seasons had no effect on the incidence of CVI. Most CVI in all three years of research was in relation to the old age and occurred in the older age group 70-79 (41.35%), where it was shown that the age of the patient influences the incidence of CVI. Extremely low relative humidity and extremely high, influence on the increase in the number of CVI. Determined is a slight correlation between the average relative humidity and CVI in single day.

Epileptic foci localization is a crucial step in planning surgical treatment of medically intractable epilepsy. The solution to this problem can be determined by the detection of the earliest time of seizure onset in electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. This study presents the application of support vector machine (SVM) for localization of the focus region at the epileptic seizure on the basis of EEG signals. used intracranial EEG recordings from patients suffering from pharmacoresistant focal-onset epilepsy. We have been investigating a localization of the focus region at the epileptic seizure based on SVM to detect the onset of seizure activity in EEG data. The SVM is trained on sets of intracranial EEG recordings from patients suffering from pharmacoresistant focal-onset epilepsy. The performance of SVM is measured by using accuracy obtained from a fit between the target value and network output. Our EEG based localization of the focus region at the epileptic seizure approach achieves 97.4% accuracy with using 10 fold cross validation. Therefore, our method can be successfully applied to localization of the epileptogenic foci.

The utility of procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) in the management of metabolic bone diseases remains a subject of debate since the reference ranges are not rigorously established and fail to account for many of the preanalytical variables. We aimed to establish reference intervals for P1NP level in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal females stratified by age, body mass index and menopausal duration. We also aimed to assess the relationship between P1NP and BMD. This cross-sectional study enrolled 183 postmenopausal females who were divided in osteoporosis group (N=93) and control group (N=90) with preserved bone mass based on BMD assessed by DXA. In the osteoporosis group median P1NP was significantly higher (51.7 ng / mL; 95%CI 43.2-53.7) compared to control group (38.9 ng/mL; 95%CI 34.2-43.9)(p<0.01). After controlling for age, BMI and years since menopause, there was significant inverse association between BMD and P1NP at the femoral neck (r=-0.18), total hip (r=-0.207) and lumbar spine (r=-0.236). There was no significant difference in P1NP concentration across quartiles of age in postmenopausal females. P1NP was significantly lower in obese postmenopausal females with preserved bone mass compared to normal weight and overweight females in control and in osteoporosis group. In conclusion, we showed that P1NP is inversely associated with BMD even after controlling for age, BMI and years since menopause. Although, P1NP is significantly higher in postmenopausal females with osteoporosis compared to postmenopausal females with preserved bone mass its low specificity does not warrant its utility is diagnosing osteoporosis.

Although some myocardial bridges can be asymptomatic, their presence often causes coronary disease either through direct compression of the "tunnel" segment or through stimulation and accelerated development of atherosclerosis in the segment proximally to the myocardial bridge. The studied material contained 30 human hearts received from the Department of Anatomy. The hearts were preserved 3 to 5 days in 10% formalin solution. Thereafter, the fatty tissue was removed and arterial blood vessels prepared by careful dissection with special reference to the presence of the myocardial bridges. Length and thickness of the bridges were measured by the precise electronic caliper. The angle between the myocardial bridge fibre axis and other axis of the crossed blood vessel was measured by a goniometer. The presence of the bridges was confirmed in 53.33% of the researched material, most frequently (43.33%) above the anterior interventricular branch. The mean length of the bridges was 14.64 ± 9.03 mm and the mean thickness was 1.23 ± 1.32 mm. Myocardial bridge fibres pass over the descending blood vessel at the angle of 10-90 degrees. The results obtained on a limited sample suggest that the muscular index of myocardial bridge is the highest for bridges located on RIA, but that the difference is not significant in relation to bridges located on other branches. The results obtained suggest that bridges located on other branches, not only those on RIA, could have a great contractive power and, consequently, a great compressive force, which would be exerted on the wall of a crossed blood vessel.

This paper discusses how a system approach to management can be used for the development and implementation of an integrated management system (IMS) in a company producing medicinal products. It is argued in the paper that approaches to the solutions of how to integrate management systems all require two elements: a conceptual model and a supporting methodology. Although a large number of models has been developed that could provide the basis for integration, development of methodologies to achieve fully integrated systems is still stagnating. This paper presents the IMS model that can be used to integrate the requirements of existing and upcoming standards in the pharmaceutical industry, followed by a discussion on the issue of the IMS methodology.

Pyrite (FeS2), being a promising material for future solar technologies, has so far exhibited in experiments an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of around 0.2 V, which is much lower than the frequently quoted ‘accepted’ value for the fundamental bandgap of ∼0.95 eV. Absorption experiments show large subgap absorption, commonly attributed to defects or structural disorder. However, computations using density functional theory with a semi-local functional predict that the bottom of the conduction band consists of a very low intensity sulfur p-band that may be easily overlooked in experiments because of the high intensity onset that appears 0.5 eV higher in energy. The intensity of absorption into the sulfur p-band is found to be of the same magnitude as contributions from defects and disorder. Our findings suggest the need to re-examine the value of the fundamental bandgap of pyrite presently in use in the literature. If the contribution from the p-band has so far been overlooked, the substantially lowered bandgap would partly explain the discrepancy with the OCV. Furthermore, we show that more states appear on the surface within the low energy sulfur p-band, which suggests a mechanism of thermalization into those states that would further prevent extracting electrons at higher energy levels through the surface. Finally, we speculate on whether misidentified states at the conduction band onset may be present in other materials.

Although the importance of communication is recognized in several disciplines, it is rarely studied in the context of online social interactions and joint actions. During online joint actions, language and gesture are often insufficient and humans typically use non-verbal, sensorimotor forms of communication to send coordination signals. For example, when playing volleyball, an athlete can exaggerate her movements to signal her intentions to her teammates (say, a pass to the right) or to feint an adversary. Similarly, a person who is transporting a table together with a co-actor can push the table in a certain direction to signal where and when he intends to place it. Other examples of “signaling” are over-articulating in noisy environments and over-emphasizing vowels in child-directed speech. In all these examples, humans intentionally modify their action kinematics to make their goals easier to disambiguate. At the moment no formal theory exists of these forms of sensorimotor communication and signaling. We present one such theory that describes signaling as a combination of a pragmatic and a communicative action, and explains how it simplifies coordination in online social interactions. We cast signaling within a “joint action optimization” framework in which co-actors optimize the success of their interaction and joint goals rather than only their part of the joint action. The decision of whether and how much to signal requires solving a trade-off between the costs of modifying one’s behavior and the benefits in terms of interaction success. Signaling is thus an intentional strategy that supports social interactions; it acts in concert with automatic mechanisms of resonance, prediction, and imitation, especially when the context makes actions and intentions ambiguous and difficult to read. Our theory suggests that communication dynamics should be studied within theories of coordination and interaction rather than only in terms of the maximization of information transmission.