Probiotics are live microorganisms which administered in adequate quantities have beneficial effects on the health of the host. The word probiotic means “for life”. Probiotics contribute to the microbial balance, protect the body from harmful microorganisms, enhancing the immune system, and play an important role in maintaining oral health. Bacteria are commonly used as probiotics. Dental caries and periodontal disease the most common diseases in oral cavity caused by bacterial activities. Probiotics used in the treatment of oral changes are in the form of lozenges, tablets, capsules, liquids, yogurt and cheese.

Cilj: Mnoga objavljena istraživanja dokazala su umjerenu povezanost između pretilosti i parodontitisa, no vecina ih je ukljucivala dijabeticare i

When it comes to industrial organizations, current collaboration efforts in software engineering research are very often kept in-house, depriving these organizations of the skills necessary to build independent collaborative research. The current trend, towards empirical software engineering research, requires certain standards to be established which would guide these collaborative efforts in creating a strong partnership that promote independent, evidence-based, software engineering research. This paper examines key enabling factors for an efficient and effective industry-academia collaboration in the software testing domain. A major finding of the research was that while technology is a strong enabler to better collaboration, it must be complemented with industrial openness to disclose research results and the use of a dedicated tooling platform. We use as an example an automated test generation approach that has been developed in the last two years collaboratively with Bombardier Transportation AB in Sweden.

Introduction The objective of the paper is to analyze and to assess prevalence of the major behavioral risk factors among adult population (25-64 years of age) in the rural and urban areas in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBIH).Methods Data were taken from cross-sectional population survey on the health status population in the FBIH. To ensure a sample representative for the adult population in the FBIH it was applied the two-stage stratified systematic sample. The survey covered a total of 2735 adult population aged 25-64 years, of which 1087 in the urban areas and 1648 in rural areas.Results. The prevalence of smoking among men in rural areas is significantly higher than among men in urban areas (69% vs. 55%), while the prevalence of smoking among women is higher in urban than in rural areas (45% vs. 31%). There is no statistically significant difference in prevalence of obesity and physical activity according to the age groups among men and women in the urban and rural areas. The frequency of changes in behavior related to acquiring healthy living habits in the rural areas is statistically significant among men and women, while in the urban areas there is no statistical significance among the sexes.Conclusions. The results indicate that there are no significant differences in prevalence of factor risks in urban and rural areas. Prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles is high, and the results should be used to improve standard planning of health promotion-prevention programs.

Introduction: The diagnostic utility of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has prompted interest in its use as an aid in the detection of early heart failure and assessment of diseases. The first objective of this study was measurement of BNP and troponin I (TnI) blood levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina. The second objective of this study was to find a correlation between TnI and BNP in blood.Methods: The concentrations of BNP and TnI in 150 blood levels were determined using CMIA (chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay) Architect and 2000 (Abbott diagnostics). The retrospective study included 100 patients who were hospitalized at the Department of Internal Medicine of the University Clinical Center Sarajevo and 50 healthy control. The reference blood range of BNP is 0-100 pg/mL and TnI is 0.00-0.4 ng/mL.Results: In the patients with AMI the mean value of BNP is 764.48 ± 639.52 pg/mL and TnI is 2.50 ± 2.28ng/mL. The patients with unstable angina have BNP 287.18 ± 593.20 pg/mL and TnI 0.10 ± 0.23 ng/mL. Our studies have shown that the correlation between BNP and TnI was statistically significant for p< 0.05 using Student t test with correlation coefficient r = 0.36. Conclusions: BNP and TnI levels can help to identify the patients with a high risk for cardiovascular diseases.

(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)...AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine recidivists' and non-recidivists' differences in characteristics of the psychosocial functioning after a treatment in a Disciplinary Centre for Juveniles in Sarajevo Canton, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research was conducted on a sample of 131 juvenile delinquents adjudicated with the educational measure of referral to the juvenile disciplinary centre. The statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS 17.0 program package. The differences between recidivists and non-recidivists were measured using Mann-Whitney test on all variables. A group of four variables were compared by: (a) school factors, (b) family factors, (c) spare time activities and peer relationships and (d) personality and behaviour of juveniles. The results have shown that risk factors are more pronounced in recidivists in all four areas of the psychosocial functioning. The largest difference is in the areas related to spare time activities and peer-relationships, as well as family functioning. The results indicate that the intensified treatment should focus on these areas in order to prevent recidivism.Keywords: recidivism, educational measure, responsiveness factorsIntroductionEvery society had its youth whose behaviour deviated from the socially acceptable and as such it was condemned or sanctioned in one way or another. Juvenile delinquency is a dynamic category subjected to various changes in its scope, phenomenology and implemented interventions. In comparison to crime committed by adults, juvenile delinquency is specific in terms of the age category of offenders, motivation, type of offense and applicable interventions (1). Youth engaged crime represents a considerable problem for society and their families (2). It remains an unresolved question how to respond to the delinquent behaviour and with what methods, e.g. sanctions, while simultaneously ensuring that they take responsibility for their behaviour, since it is necessary to establish a balance between the retribution and rehabilitation elements each sanction has (3). Educational measures are now the largest and the most frequently pronounced type of criminal sanctions for juveniles, with the purpose of providing education, rehabilitation and a proper development of the juvenile (4). Amongst all education measures, a significant place is reserved for the educational measure of referral to the Disciplinary Centre due to its specificities in relation to its implementation and juveniles adjudicated with this measure. The purpose of the imposition of these measures is that, in a relatively short period of time, a powerful impact may be achieved in children via various strategies, in strictly structured conditions by means of direct methods focused on behavioural modifications, development of a personal responsibility and prevention of future criminal acts (4). The efficiency of a treatment method may be assessed by measuring the number of juveniles who come again into conflict with the law (recidivism) or via other different indicators of progress in social functioning (5). Considering the consensus in general literature that adult criminals begin their criminal careers in their juvenile years suggesting that, in order to fight adult criminality, we must begin by controlling juvenile delinquency, the recidivism of young offenders presents an even more disturbing problem. Understanding juvenile recidivism is crucial for the development of effective policy responses to the broader ramifications of juvenile offense (6). Recidivism is most frequently defined as any arrest or offence within a specified follow-up period after release from a detention or rehabilitation facility (7) and it is alsoa key indicator for determining whether criminal justice interventions, from diversion to incarceration, are making a difference in turning offenders away from crime. …