Knowledge of pigmented lesions dates back to ancient times beginning with Hippocrates and Celsius, who called such outgrowths naevi nigricans. In the 16th century they were described by Russius Lauretius and then in 17th century by Highmore as tumors resembling coal. During the 20th century those tumors had different names: melanotic tumor, melanotic cancer, anthracite cancer etc. One of recent publications is the thesis by Bonnta in Lion (1911) titled ”Melanosis and melanotic tumors“. In 1967 an international body within the World Health Organization was established for the evaluation of diagnostic methods and treatment of melanoma, and under its auspices comparative clinical research has been conducted worldwide [1].

The number of elderly with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is constantly increasing worldwide, and irregular screening of CKD leads to disease discovering usually in advanced stages. The aim of the study was to examine the presence of CKD biomarkers in the elderly primary care patients, and to analyze whether the presence of diabetes and hypertension in elderly increases the risk for microalbuminuria and reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Cross-sectional study included 90 patients older than 65 years of age who are registered in the Family medicine teaching centre of Health centre Bijeljina. Patients were divided into three groups: first consisted of 30 patients who had neither hypertension nor diabetes nor other chronic disease, second of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and third of 30 patients with arterial hypertension. Data on patients were obtained by interview, analysis of medical records and physical examinations. Serum and urine creatinine, proteinuria, microalbuminuria (MAU, turbidimetry), and urinary sediment were analyzed. Biomarkers of chronic kidney disease (GFR <60 mL / min / 1.73m2, proteinuria and mikroalbuminurija ¬MAU) were found in 20 (22.2%) patients. Among them, 14 had normal GFR and MAU (12) or MAU and proteinuria (2), whereas 6 had GFR <60 mL / min / 1.73m2 of which 3 had proteinuria and / or MAU. The group with diabetes had significantly more MAU compared to the other two groups, while the groups with diabetes and hypertension had slightly more proteinuria and erythrocyturia than control group. Hypertension and diabetes in the elderly may result in development of CKD biomarkers, so prevention and regular screening of CKD in the patients with these two diseases are necessary.

Nano Microbial Cellulose (NMC) is one of the most effective biopolymer in treating the injury. It has many applications in medical field due to unique properties such as high water absorption, compatibility with body and transparency for medical examination. Accordingly, this research attempts to evaluate the characteristic of raw and purified microbial cellulose for medical usage. The chemical and physical structure of microbial cellulose layer was assessed by FTIR and XRD. In addition, water absorption, wettability and permeability of raw and purified microbial cellulose pellicle were investigated and SEM was applied for assessing the surface of nanocellulose pellicle. FTIR result confirmed the cellulosic structure of pellicle and XRD represented that the crystallinity of NMC was more than cotton (plant cellulose). The obtained result indicated that the amount of water absorption of purified layer is 10% less than raw layer but wettability of the treated layer is increased more than 50%. No permeability was representing against air pressure in raw and purified samples in wet and dry forms at 25 Pa. Therefore, applying purification treatment improved the NMC pellicle properties for modern wound dressing. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of UFGNSM15.