A seismic assessment of a typical unreinforced masonry residential building without tie beams is presented in the paper. The numerical analysis was conducted according to the finite-element method using experimental data on the quality of the masonry constitutive elements and reinforced concrete. The computation was made using the nonlinear static pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic time history analysis. The crack development pattern was compared for the procedures, as well as parts of the hysteresis curves.

High dynamic range (HDR) imaging has become one of the foremost imaging methods capable of capturing and displaying the full range of lighting perceived by the human visual system in the real world. A number of HDR compression methods for both images and video have been developed to handle HDR data, but none of them has yet been adopted as the method of choice. In particular, the backwards-compatible methods that always maintain a stream/image that allow part of the content to be viewed on conventional displays make use of tone mapping operators which were developed to view HDR images on traditional displays. There are a large number of tone mappers, none of which is considered the best as the images produced could be deemed subjective. This work presents an alternative to tone mapping-based HDR content compression by identifying a single exposure that can reproduce the most information from the original HDR image. This single exposure can be adapted to fit within the bit depth of any traditional encoder. Any additional information that may be lost is stored as a residual. Results demonstrate quality is maintained as well, and better, than other traditional methods. Furthermore, the presented method is backwards-compatible, straightforward to implement, fast and does not require choosing tone mappers or settings.

Introduction. Management of haemodynamically stable patients with penetrating abdominal injuries varies from nonoperative to operative management. The aim was to investigate whether peritoneal breach when used as an indication for exploratory laparotomy appropriately identified patients with intra-abdominal visceral injury. Methods. We conducted retrospective cohort study of all patients presenting with PAI at a major trauma centre from January 2007 to December 2011. We measured the incidence of peritoneal breach and correlated this with intra-abdominal visceral injury diagnosed at surgery. Results. 252 patients were identified with PAI. Of the included patients, 71 were managed nonoperatively and 118 operatively. The operative diagnoses included nonperitoneal-breaching injuries, intraperitoneal penetration without organ damage, or intraperitoneal injury with organ damage. The presenting trauma CT scan was reported as normal in 63%, 34%, and 2% of these groups, respectively. The total negative laparotomy/laparoscopy rate for all patients presented with PAI was 21%, almost half of whom had a normal CT scan. Conclusion. We found that peritoneal breach on its own does not necessarily always equate to intra-abdominal visceral injury. Observation with sequential examination for PAI patients with a normal CT scan may be more important than exclusion of peritoneal breach via laparoscopy.

Half of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s (BH) population lives in rural areas. Agricultural production is a backbone of the rural economy and generates significant economic value for the country. BH is highly vulnerable to climate change, which poses a significant development challenge given the climate-sensitivity of the agricultural sector, the share of agriculture in the total economy, the number of people employed in the sector, and the closely related socio-economic issues of food security. BH has experienced serious incidences of extreme weather events over the past two decades, causing severe economic losses. Based on available data and currently available climate projections, exposure to threats from climate change will continue to increase. The review paper presents the current state of the BH agricultural sector and the impact of potential climate change on agricultural systems. It proposes policy options to optimize opportunities and mitigate consequences of possible climate change in the agricultural sector. Development of policy and research capacity should include harmonisation and centralisation of domestic agricultural policies, carrying out a vulnerability assessment and strengthening the public and private extension systems. Further technological development should include improvements in weather and climate information systems, crop development, irrigation and water management.

We develop two applications of the Kronecker’s limit formula associated to elliptic Eisenstein series: A factorization theorem for holomorphic modular forms, and a proof of Weil’s reciprocity law. Several examples of the general factorization results are computed, specifically for certain moonshine groups, congruence subgroups, and, more generally, non-compact subgroups with one cusp. In particular, we explicitly compute the Kronecker limit function associated to certain elliptic fixed points for a few small level moonshine groups.RésuméDans cet article nous développons deux applications de la formule limite de Kronecker associée aux series d’Eisenstein elliptiques: Un théorème de factorisation pour des formes modulaires holomorphes et une preuve de la loi de réciprocité de Weil. Plusieurs exemples de notre résultat général de factorisation sont donnés, particulièrement pour quelques groupes de type moonshine, groupes de congruence et, plus généralement, pour des groupes non-cocompactes à une seule pointe. En particulier, nous calculons la fonction limite de Kronecker associée à certains points elliptiques pour des groupes de type moonshine de petit niveau.

We develop a unified approach to the construction of the hyperbolic and elliptic Eisenstein series on a finite volume hyperbolic Riemann surface. Specifically, we derive expressions for the hyperbolic and elliptic Eisenstein series as integral transforms of the kernel of a wave operator. Established results in the literature relate the wave kernel to the heat kernel, which admits explicit construction from various points of view. Therefore, we obtain a sequence of integral transforms which begins with the heat kernel, obtains a Poisson and wave kernel, and then yields the hyperbolic and elliptic Eisenstein series. In the case of a non-compact finite volume hyperbolic Riemann surface, we finally show how to express the parabolic Eisenstein series in terms of the integral transform of a wave operator.

We have used the Kolmogorov complexities and the Kolmogorov complexity spectrum to quantify the randomness degree in river flow time series of seven rivers with different regimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, representing their different type of courses, for the period 1965–1986. In particular, we have examined: (i) the Neretva, Bosnia and the Drina (mountain and lowland parts), (ii) the Miljacka and the Una (mountain part) and the Vrbas and the Ukrina (lowland part) and then calculated the Kolmogorov complexity (KC) based on the Lempel–Ziv Algorithm (LZA) (lower—KCL and upper—KCU), Kolmogorov complexity spectrum highest value (KCM) and overall Kolmogorov complexity (KCO) values for each time series. The results indicate that the KCL, KCU, KCM and KCO values in seven rivers show some similarities regardless of the amplitude differences in their monthly flow rates. The KCL, KCU and KCM complexities as information measures do not “see” a difference between time series which have different amplitude variations but similar random components. However, it seems that the KCO information measures better takes into account both the amplitude and the place of the components in a time series.

In this article, we study the existence of gradings on finite dimensional associative algebras. We prove that a connected algebra A does not have a nontrivial grading if and only if A is basic, its quiver has one vertex, and its group of outer automorphisms is unipotent. We apply this result to prove that up to graded Morita equivalence there do not exist nontrivial gradings on the blocks of group algebras with quaternion defect groups and one isomorphism class of simple modules.