This paper formulates the problem of Extremum Seeking for optimization of cost functions defined on Riemannian manifolds. We extend the conventional extremum seeking algorithms for optimization problems in Euclidean spaces to optimization of cost functions defined on smooth Riemannian manifolds. This problem falls within the category of online optimization methods. We introduce the notion of geodesic dithers which is a perturbation of the optimizing trajectory in the tangent bundle of the ambient state manifolds and obtain the extremum seeking closed loop as a perturbation of the averaged gradient system. The main results are obtained by applying closeness of solutions and averaging theory on Riemannian manifolds. The main results are further extended for optimization on Lie groups. Numerical examples on Riemannian manifolds (Lie groups) SO(3) and SE(3) are presented at the end of the paper.

OBJECTIVE To analyze factors influencing survival of patients with stage II colon cancer treated at our cancer center (Sparrow Hospital) from February 1996 through December 2006. PATIENTS AND METHODS Survival analyses on 197 patients' age 71.1±0.9 years (29 to 97) were done using SAS system (V9.3, Cary NC). Analysis included age, gender, stage, surgery type, number of examined lymph nodes, pathological grade, tumor size and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS Mean follow up length was 48.1±2.3 months (0.1-133) and 56±3.3 (0.2-133) for survivors. The average number of removed lymph nodes was 18±13 (1-103). Adjuvant chemotherapy treatment (5-FU± leucovorin) was given to 49 patients, while others (148) were followed expectantly. There were 90 deaths during follow up. Only age exhibits a statistically significant relationship to survival (Hazard Ratio (HR) =1.06, 95% CI=1.03-1.08, p<0.001). Adjuvant chemotherapy possibly reduced the risk of death by 42% approaching a borderline advantage for survival (HR=0.58, CI=0.33-1.03, p=0.06. The number of removed lymph nodes also showed a possible relationship to survival (HR=0.98, CI= 0.62-1.56, p=0.07). Other investigated factors (gender, type of surgery, etc.) were not significant correlates. CONCLUSION In this study we found that the most important factor for survival of patients with Stage II colon cancer is the patient's age. Adjuvant chemotherapy showed a borderline significance while the number of resected lymph nodes seemed to be an important survival factor. However, in our study statistical significance was not achieved.

Off-the-shelf intrusion detection systems prove an ill fit for protecting industrial control systems, as they do not take their process semantics into account. Specifically, current systems fail to detect recent process control attacks that manifest as unauthorized changes to the configuration of a plant's programmable logic controllers (PLCs). In this work we present a detector that continuously tracks updates to corresponding process variables to then derive variable-specific prediction models as the basis for assessing future activity. Taking a specification-agnostic approach, we passively monitor plant activity by extracting variable updates from the devices' network communication. We evaluate the capabilities of our detection approach with traffic recorded at two operational water treatment plants serving a total of about one million people in two urban areas. We show that the proposed approach can detect direct attacks on process control, and we further explore its potential to identify more sophisticated indirect attacks on field device measurements as well.

OBJECTIVE Endocarditis can have profound and devastating neurological consequences, with the vast majority of these complications in patients with left-sided valvular disease. The approach to the acute management of stroke in children with infective endocarditis is limited by the inadequacy of published data on their clinical course and outcome. CASE REPORT This case report presents a 12 year old girl with diagnosed endocarditis, complicated with intracranial hemorrhage, due to the rupture of an aneurysm of the peripheral branch medial cerebral artery and gradient therapeutic approach, with an excellent final result. CONCLUSION Congestive heart failure resulting from valvular insufficiency required mitral valve replacement, after cerebral aneurysm clipping.

OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this paper is to examine the impact of diabetes mellitus on the ability to work in patients with diabetes mellitus. The second objective of this paper is to examine the differences in the ability to work between patients with diabetes mellitus and patients with other chronic diseases, such as hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS A study was conducted in 10 family medicine practices from two primary health care centers, Pale and East Sarajevo, in the period between July 2009 and May 2010, utilising a retrospective medical records review and a cross sectional survey. The outcomes used to portray respondent's health status included functional measures and ability to work. Functional measures were analyzed using SF-36 and a general questionnaire. Absenteeism and productivity loss were retrospectively analyzed for the past ten years from a regional sick-leave database and the administrative records of the Commission for the assessment of work capacity for the Pension and Disability Insurance Fund of the Republika Srpska respectively. RESULTS Out of the total number of patients with diabetes, 24.6% had some form of disability. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups; patients with diabetes mellitus were much more likely to have problems meeting the required standards at the workplace due to emotional and physical health issues compared to hypertensive patients. CONCLUSION Diabetes mellitus appears to reduce an individual's ability to work in comparison to patients with hypertension. There is a need to set up a diabetes mellitus prevention program and to develop and implement effective targeted intervention to help workers to manage their disease better.

Background: Ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, manifested in the neonatal period. The most common factors contributing to the occurrence of ON are pathogens that are transmitted from mother to newborn through the birth canal, maternal infection during pregnancy, inadequate ocular prophylaxis, susceptibility to infection of the newborn eye and ocular trauma during labour. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine obstetric risk factors for developing ON. Methods: The study was prospective and included all newborns of gestational age of 24 to 42 weeks, both genders, born in the period from 1 October 2011 to 1 October 2012 at the University Clinical Centre Tuzla, with signs of ON. The obstetric risk factors affecting the occurrence of ON were analyzed. Results: During the study period 206 newborns out of 4180 developed ON, with an incidence of 4.93%. The most important risk factors for ON during pregnancy and labour were colpitis (p 18 hours (p 18 hours, mother’s comorbidity and Apgar score at 5 minutes <7. Newborns of mothers with the mentioned risks require a somewhat different prophylaxis and should be closely monitored during the first month of life.