CORMACK ALLAN (1924-1998) Allan MacLeod Cormack (February 23, 1924 – May 7, 1998) was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, the son of George and Amelia, a civil service engineer and a teacher respectively, who had emigrated from Scotland to South Africa prior to World War I (1). At the University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cormack chose the field of engineering, but two years later he changed his major to physics, completing a baccalaureate of science in 1944. He remained at the University of Cape Town, completing a Master of Science degree in the field of crystallography in 1945. During the years that followed,Cormack became a lecturer in physics at the University of Cape Town and pursued graduate studies in the field of theoretical physics for two years at Cambridge University in England. In 1950 Cormack returned to South Africa from Cambridge and during this period he was asked to serve a sixmonth service as resident medical physicist in the radiology department in Cape Town, where he supervised the use of radioisotopes as well as the calibration of film badges used to measure hospital workers’ exposure to radiation. At Groote Schuur, Cormack witnessed first hand how radiation was being used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Baffled by deficiencies in the technology used for such procedures, Cormack began a series of experiments and analyses, the results of which were two papers published separately between 1963 and 1964 in the Journal of Applied Physics . Between 1956 and 1964, most of his research in connection with the development of computerized axial tomography was conducted on his own time. Neither of his two Journal of Applied Physics papers met with significant response, despite the fact that they proved the feasibility of his method for producing images of heretofore non visible or barely visible cross sections of the human body. Hounsfield was independently coming to conclusions similar to Cormack’s, and developed the first CAT scanner as early as 1972. In 1979 Cormack and Hounsfield were awarded the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine for their joint, though independent, development of CAT scan theory and technology. Unlike previous Nobel recipients, neither Cormack nor Hounsfield held a doctorate in medicine or science; further, their discovery was awarded the prize only after the Nobel Assembly voted the first choice of the selection committee; and, finally, it was highly unusual that the two men had never met or worked together, yet had worked on the same invention concurrently. In 1990, as one of several scientists receiving the National Medal of Science, Cormack was recognized by President George Bush. Cormack is a member of the National Academy of Science and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is a fellow of the American Physical Society. Cormack died of cancer in Massachusetts at age 74. He was posthumously awarded the Order of Mapungubwe for outstanding achievements as a scientist and for co-inventing the CT scanner.

Introduction: At the moment at Medical Faculty, University of Sarajevo, simultaneously exist two systems of teaching process, the old (pre-Bologna) and Bologna process. Goal: To show efficiency and justification of use of Bologna process at Medical Faculty, University of Sarajevo, through the prism of actual beneficiaries of this process, students, assessment of quality of medical education, and comparison of results of the teaching process evaluation between students studying according to the Bologna process and the old system. Materials and Methods: The study included period from 2012 to 2014, and had prospective character. Students of final (sixth) year were included, the last three generations of pre-Bologna, and three generations of the Bologna process, which completed their studies successfully. The study included 365 students (177 under the old system and 188 under the Bologna process), who had answered prepared questionnaire. Results: The presence of large number of female students, in both systems is significant. There were significant differences in opinion of students regarding the quality of space for administration and labor administration, informatization of the teaching process, the opinion of the objectivity of teachers in the assessment of the examination, and on-line access to their content. (p <0.05). Discussion: The Bologna process, with all its guidelines, was never to the maximum implemented in the teaching faculties, mostly because of the lack of funds and infrastructure that couldn’t fully comply with all the privileges of the Bologna process. Conclusion: Bologna process on this principle, has brought mediocrity, of which we have tried to escape. New school year, brings, and the new Bologna process, a new curriculum, a large number of new classes, systematization of the material, with simultaneous correction necessary in one hand in teaching, and in other hand in students themselves.

“Medical Archives” was founded in 1947 as a professional journal of the “AssSociation of Physicians of Bosnia and Herzegovina”. First Editorial Board consists of academicians: Vladimir Cavka, Editor-in-Chief, Blagoje Kovacevic, Bogdan Zimonjic and Ibro Brkic, members of the Editorial Board. Till today in Editorial Boards of Medical Archives were included over 300 medical doctors from almost every medical disciplines and from all parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and also from abroad (1). During past was continuously has published 68 volumes of the journal, in average 4-6 issues per one volume. Last ten years journal is published bi-monthly. Till now in Medical Archives was published over 5000 articles. Most of them were original papers from all medical disciplines. “Medical Archives” is now indexed in the following databases: PubMed/MedLine (from 1972, abstracted in this bases more than 5.500 journals), PubMed Central (from 2013), and from the year 2009 in databases: Excerpta Medica/EMBASE, Scopus, Scirus, EBSCO, DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research–GFMER, HINARI, ProQuest, NewJour, SCImago Journal & Country Rank, ISC Master List Journals, CrossRef, Google Scholar, Genamics JournalSeek, WorldCat, VINITI of RAS, Research Gate, Catalyst, ScopeMed, SafetyLit, BioinfoBank Library, PubGet, GetCited, CIRRIE, Kubon and Sagner OPAC. H index of the “Medical Archives” is 11 for 2013 (www.scimagojr.com), which represents the largest citation index journals of one journal in the biomedical field on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2), and since 2013, with full-text articles at PubMed Central (Figure 1) (the most prominent database of biomedical literature, which contains more than 4.5 million articles). Figure 1 “Medical Archives” in PubMed Central database During calendar year 2014 in Medical Archives was published 110 articles in 6 issues (3). The largest number of articles was original articles. Small number has been published as professional and review articles, and case reports. Each issue contained the texts such as: news, book reviews, in memoriam and guidelines (both professional and educational). In the journal “Medical Archives” number of articles published during last three years is approximately the same (Figure 2), between 100 and 120, but with statistically significant variations in article types (χ2=15.332). Figure 2 “Medical Archives” in the period 2012-2014 In the journal “Medical Archives” during the last three years were most common articles in the field of clinical medicine. There has been an upward trend in the number of articles in the field of preclinical medicine (Figure 3) but without significant difference in the observed period (χ2=7.761; p=0.185). Figure 3 Field in which are published articles in the journal “Medical Archives” in the period 2012-2014 From the clinical medical field over the past three years, in the journal “Medical Archives” were usually presented articles of general internal and surgical disciplines (Figure 4). There has been an increase in the number Article in the field of family medicine and dermatovenerology, but without statistically significant difference (χ2=27.847; p=0.064). Figure 4 Representation of clinical disciplines in the journal “Medical Archives” in the period 2012-2014 Preclinical medicine in the journal “Medical Archives” was most often represented by the articles in the field of pharmacology and biochemistry. In 2014, in the journal were present also articles in the field of medical informatics (Figure 5) but without significant differences between observed years (χ2=11.35; p=0.182). Figure 5 Representation of preclinical disciplines in the journal “Medical Archives” in the period 2012-2014 By exploring and analyzing the selected theme, the author of this Editorial came to the following conclusions (3, 4): The number of articles published each year is increasing, with a larger number of authors from many countries and four continents (usually Europe); Rejecting rate is more than 40 %; There is a trend to join forces in terms of regional cooperation when writing articles; The most common are the original articles; The areas of clinical medicine are still the most common in journals (number of articles in the field of radiology, gynecology and ophthalmology are increasing); Preclinical disciplines were most often represented within the articles in the field of medical informatics; Most reviewers of articles are from Bosnia and Herzegovina, but there is also a considerable number from abroad (from more than 20 countries); The most common period which is necessary for the review was between fifty and fifty nine days; Most authors are from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (more than 50 %) During 2014 we discovered only 3 cases of Plagiarism (one case from Bosnia and Herzegovina and two from Egypt) (3).

Introduction: A meta-analysis is a statistical and analytical method which combines and synthesizes different independent studies and integrates their results into one common result. Goal: Analysis of the journals “Medical Archives”, “Materia Socio Medica” and “Acta Informatica Medica”, which are located in the most eminent indexed databases of the biomedical milieu. Material and methods: The study has retrospective and descriptive character, and included the period of the calendar year 2014. Study included six editions of all three journals (total of 18 journals). Results: In this period was published a total of 291 articles (in the “Medical Archives” 110, “Materia Socio Medica” 97, and in “Acta Informatica Medica” 84). The largest number of articles was original articles. Small numbers have been published as professional, review articles and case reports. Clinical events were most common in the first two journals, while in the journal “Acta Informatica Medica” belonged to the field of medical informatics, as part of pre-clinical medical disciplines. Articles are usually required period of fifty to fifty nine days for review. Articles were received from four continents, mostly from Europe. The authors are most often from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, then Iran, Kosovo and Macedonia. Conclusion: The number of articles published each year is increasing, with greater participation of authors from different continents and abroad. Clinical medical disciplines are the most common, with the broader spectrum of topics and with a growing number of original articles. Greater support of the wider scientific community is needed for further development of all three of the aforementioned journals.

Significant role in how they played, and Jews Sephardim who came to Bosnia from Spain and Portugal in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. It is those were the first owners of districts–Shop herbs or pharmacy. Along with them were developed and Muslim attars, who founded and attars marketplace in Sarajevo. Experience and knowledge in the domain of medicine and healing practiced by old Bosnian Sephardim been acquired for centuries, is now mainly found on the shelves.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic skin ailment which can be connected with an increased occurrence of other illnesses, including high blood pressure. Examinees and methods: A prospective study has been conducted which included 70 patients affected by psoriasis, both genders, older than 18 years. Average age being 47,14 (SD= ±15,41) years, from that there were 36 men or 51,43 and 34 women or 48,57%. Average duration of psoriasis was 15,52 (SD=±12,54) years. Results: Frequency of high blood pressure in those affected by psoriasis was 54,28%. Average age of the patients with psoriasis and high blood pressure was 53,79 year (SD=±14,15) and average duration of psoriasis was 17,19 years (SD=±13,51). Average values of PASI score were 16,65. Increase in values of PASI score and high blood pressure were statistically highly related (r=0,36, p=0,0001). Conclusion: Psoriasis was related to high blood pressure and there was a correlation between the severity of psoriasis and high blood pressure.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic skin ailment, which can be connected with other ailments including dyslipidemia. Examinees and methods: Research included 70 patients affected by psoriasis. Both genders, above 18 years of age. Average age of the respondents was 47.14 (SD= ±15.41), which consisted of 36 men (51.43%) and 34 women (48.57%). The average duration of psoriasis was 15.52 (SD= ±12.54) years. Results: Frequency of dyslipidemia on those affected by psoriasis was 62.85%. Most often it was hypertriglyceridemia (39%) and hypertriglyceridemia with a lowered value of HDL (36%), average age of those affected by psoriasis with dyslipidemia was 48.76 years (SD= ±14.72), and the average duration of the basic disease was 16.15 years (SD= ±12.63), the average values of the PASI score were 16.65. Increase in values of PASI score and dyslipidemia were statistically significantly connected (r=0.41; p=0.0001). Conclusion: Psoriasis is connected with dyslipidemia.

This article has an aim to assess credit default prediction on the banking market in Bosnia and Herzegovina nationwide as well as on its constitutional entities (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska). Ability to classify companies info different predefined groups or finding an appropriate tool which would replace human assessment in classifying companies into good and bad buckets has been one of the main interests on risk management researchers for a long time. We investigated the possibility and accuracy of default prediction using traditional statistical methods logistic regression (logit) and multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) and compared their predictive abilities. The results show that the created models have high predictive ability. For logit models, some variables are more influential on the default prediction than the others. Return on assets (ROA) is statistically significant in all four periods prior to default, having very high regression coefficients, or high impact on the model's ability to predict default. Similar results are obtained for MDA models. It is also found that predictive ability differs between logistic regression and multiple discriminant analysis.

The aim of this study is to verify and assess the quality of lessons in traditional and electronic textbook on general standards of textbooks quality. The method of theoretical analysis and content analysis was used. For the purpose of analyzing the contents of the sample we took teaching unit Measures and measurement from two textbooks: the traditional and the electronic. The electronic textbook, which has been the subject of research, is of quality and meets the standards of textbook quality.