Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a rare disease in Central and Eastern European countries and phenotype -genotype correlation in this population is not well established.

Covecanstvo je vekovima funkcionisalo na principu tržista ponude, a u poslednjih pedeset godina to je zamenjeno tržistem potražnje. Danas svet ulazi u tržiste znanja, koje implicira da se poseduje znanje, tj; informacija. Države se sada bore za primat u strukturi znanja. Tako da moc odlazi iz ruku kapitalno bogatih u ruke intelektualno bogatih. Danas, u 57 zemalja sveta postoje državne institucije koje se bave prikupljanjem tajnih informacija ove vrste, a vlade jos barem 100 zemalja trose deo nacionalnog dohotka na pokrivanje troskova industrijske spijunaže. U tome se posebno isticu Nemacka, Japan i Francuska, a za petama su im Rusija, Kina i Južna Koreja. Savremeno ustrojstvo sveta, karakterisu i savremeni međunarodni odnosi, a ove odnose karakterise globalizacija. Posebno mesto i ulogu u tome imaju transnacionalne kompanije (TNK), kojima je osnovni cilj dominacija i kontrola tržista, a to iziskuje izuzetnu potrebu ovladavanja znanjima u svim njegovim vidovima. U borbi za tržista, znanje je najmocnije oružje, a do "ubojitog oružja" se uvek dolazilo na sve moguce nacine, a sada se, kao sredstvo najcesce koristi industrijska spijunaža. ---------------------- New structure of the world is increasingly imposing economic game instead of military conflict. This game, unfortunately, is not characterized by fair play.There is no war on international scale, but for many years lasts, "first world economic war." Economic competition has become planetary. Every nation wants to export more, all over the world. Every serious nation wants to win this new kind of war in which the victims are companies,states, but above all,individuals. Once again comes another era of domination of industrial espionage in the world,espionage , which follows the man's activity from the oldest historical periods. Industrial espionage now becomes main job of the traditional spies.State institutions and industrial companies now employ spies to steal information. In many cases these are former military and civilian spies, but there are also native spies who switched to the broking of industrial information. The modern structure of the world is also characterized by contemporary international relations, and these relations are characterized by globalization. The special place has TNK whose main goal is the domination and control of the market, and it requires an exceptional need for mastery of knowledge in all its aspects. In the battle for market knowledge is the most powerful weapon, and a "lethal weapon" has ever been reached in every possible way, and now, as a mean that is commonly used is industrial espionage.

Background PAPA syndrome (pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne) is a rare autosomal-dominant autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in PSTPIP1gene. Typically presents with recurrent sterile, erosive arthritis in childhood, occurring spontaneously or after minor trauma, occasionally resulting in significant joint destruction. By puberty, joint symptoms tend to subside and cutaneous symptoms increase. Cutaneous manifestations include pathergy, frequently with abscesses at the sites of injections, severe cystic acne, and recurrent nonhealing sterile ulcers, often diagnosed as PG.

Gait is a complex process involving both cognitive and sensory ability and is strongly impacted by the environment. In this paper, we propose to study of the impact of a cognitive task during gait on the cerebral blood flow velocity, the blood flow signal features and the correlation of gait and blood flow features through a dual task methodology. Both cerebral blood flow velocity and gait characteristics of eleven participants with no history of brain or gait conditions were recorded using transcranial Doppler on mid-cerebral artery while on a treadmill. The cognitive task was induced by a backward counting starting from 10,000 with decrement of 7. Central blood flow velocity raw and envelope features were extracted in both time, frequency and time-scale domain; information-theoretic metrics were also extracted and statistical significances were inspected. A similar feature extraction was performed on the stride interval signal. Statistical differences between the cognitive and baseline trials, between the left and right mid-cerebral arteries signals and the impact of the antropometric variables where studied using linear mixed models. No statistical differences were found between the left and right mid-cerebral arteries flows or the baseline and cognitive state gait features, while statistical differences for specific features were measured between cognitive and baseline states. These statistical differences found between the baseline and cognitive states show that cognitive process has an impact on the cerebral activity during walking. The state was found to have an impact on the correlation between the gait and blood flow features.

Gait is a complex process involving both cognitive and sensory ability and is strongly impacted by the environment. In this paper, we propose to study of the impact of a cognitive task during gait on the cerebral blood flow velocity, the blood flow signal features and the correlation of gait and blood flow features through a dual task methodology. Both cerebral blood flow velocity and gait characteristics of eleven participants with no history of brain or gait conditions were recorded using transcranial Doppler on mid-cerebral artery while on a treadmill. The cognitive task was induced by a backward counting starting from 10,000 with decrement of 7. Central blood flow velocity raw and envelope features were extracted in both time, frequency and time-scale domain; information-theoretic metrics were also extracted and statistical significances were inspected. A similar feature extraction was performed on the stride interval signal. Statistical differences between the cognitive and baseline trials, between the left and right mid-cerebral arteries signals and the impact of the antropometric variables where studied using linear mixed models. No statistical differences were found between the left and right mid-cerebral arteries flows or the baseline and cognitive state gait features, while statistical differences for specific features were measured between cognitive and baseline states. These statistical differences found between the baseline and cognitive states show that cognitive process has an impact on the cerebral activity during walking. The state was found to have an impact on the correlation between the gait and blood flow features.

Two articles in this issue deal with granulomatous acute interstitial nephritis (GIN), a rare disorder seen in 0.5–0.9% of native and 0.6% of transplant renal biopsies [1]. In the first article, Agrawal and co-workers report 10 years of experience with GIN in a tertiary centre in India [2]. In contrast to the experience from Western countries, tuberculosis accounted for more than half of cases. The authors emphasize the challenge of making the diagnosis and recommend a high degree of suspicion [2]. In a second article, Shah and colleagues from the USA [3] review GIN and also highlight current challenges in describing the interesting case of a 69-year-old man with GIN ascribed to doxycycline in whom a positive quantiferon test was received and who eventually died from multi-organ failure. Without autopsy we will never know whether he actually had tuberculosis but their case also reminds us that even with sophisticated testing the cause of GIN remains unclear in a proportion of patients. In this comment, we reflect on both articles and provide some context with an emphasis on pathology and disease patterns worldwide, pitfalls and the diagnostic approach in clinic.

Background: Clinical development of antiepileptic drugs is demanding due to complex character of the disorder and to diversity of its forms and etiologies. Objective: The aim of this review was to suggest improvements in regulatory procedures for clinical development of antiepileptic drugs. Methods: The following databases of scientific articles were searched: MEDLINE, SCOPUS and SCINDEKS. In total 558 publications were retrieved. The types of articles selected were reviews, reports on clinical trials and letters to the Editor. Results: There are several changes of regulatory documents necessary for improving process of clinical development of antiepileptic drugs: preference of parallel groups design for add-on trials should be explicit; the non-inferiority design for monotherapy clinical trials should be acceptable; restrictive formulations when trials of antiepileptic drugs in children are in question should be avoided; requirements in regard to the efficacy measures should be harmonized among the regulatory bodies; proactive attitude towards discovery of adverse events; and precise requirements for clinical trials specifically designed to prove anti-epileptogenic effects should be made clear. Conclusion: Current regulatory documents are incomplete in many aspects; an international effort to improve and harmonize guidelines for clinical development of antiepileptic drugs is necessary for improvement of this process.

Aim : To gather and review data describing the epidemiology of schizophrenia and clinical guidelines for schizophrenia therapy in seven Central and Eastern European countries, with a focus on negative symptoms. Methods : A literature search was conducted which included publications from 1995 to 2012 that were indexed in key databases. Results : Reports of mean annual incidence of schizophrenia varied greatly, from 0.04 to 0.58 per 1,000 population. Lifetime prevalence varied from 0.4% to 1.4%. One study reported that at least one negative symptom was present in 57.6% of patients with schizophrenia and in 50–90% of individuals experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia. Primary negative symptoms were observed in 10–30% of patients. Mortality in patients with schizophrenia was greater than in the general population, with a standardized mortality ratio of 2.58–4.30. Reasons for higher risk of mortality in the schizophrenia population included increased suicide risk, effect of schizophrenia on lifestyle and environment, and presence of comorbidities. Clinical guidelines overall supported the use of second-generation antipsychotics in managing negative symptoms of schizophrenia, although improved therapeutic approaches are needed. Conclusion : Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental illnesses and poses a considerable burden on patients and healthcare resources alike. Negative symptoms are present in many patients and there is an unmet need to improve treatment offerings for negative symptoms beyond the use of second-generation antipsychotics and overall patient outcomes.