PFAPA syndrome is the most common autoinflammatory disorder in childhood with unknown etiology. The aim of our study was clinical evaluation of PFAPA patients from a single tertiary care center and to determine whether variations of AIM2, MEFV, NLRP3, and MVK genes are involved in PFAPA pathogenesis. Clinical and laboratory data of consecutive patients with PFAPA syndrome followed up at the University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, were collected from 2008 to 2014. All four genes were PCR amplified and directly sequenced. Eighty-one patients fulfilled criteria for PFAPA syndrome, 50 (63%) boys and 31 (37%) girls, with mean age at disease onset of 2.1 ± 1.5 years. Adenitis, pharyngitis, and aphthae were present in 94%, 98%, and 56%, respectively. Family history of recurrent fevers in childhood was positive in 78%. Nineteen variants were found in 17/62 (27%) patients, 4 different variants in NLRP3 gene in 13 patients, and 6 different variants in MEFV gene in 5 patients, and 2 patients had 2 different variants. No variants of clinical significance were found in MVK and AIM2 genes. Our data suggest that PFAPA could be the result of multiple low-penetrant variants in different genes in combination with epigenetic and environmental factors leading to uniform clinical picture.

BackgroundPol III-related leukodystrophies, including 4H leukodystrophy, are recently recognized disorders that comprise hypomyelination and various neurologic and non-neurologic clinical manifestations. We report the unique neurologic presentation of the micturition dysfunction in Pol III-related leukodystrophy and describe the novel endocrine abnormalities in this entity.Case presentationA 32-year-old Caucasian female exhibited chronic urinary incontinence that commenced at the age of 7 years and remained the unexplained symptom more than two decades before the onset of progressive neurologic decline. A transient growth failure and absent sexual development with hypoprolactinemia appeared in the meanwhile. Neurologic, endocrine, neuroradiologic, and genetic evaluation performed only in the patient’s thirties, confirmed the diagnosis of 4H leukodystrophy as the only cause of the micturition disturbance.ConclusionThe report shows for the first time that an unexplained chronic bladder dysfunction should be evaluated also as a possible 4H leukodystrophy, thus alerting to the unexpected neurologic and endocrine features in 4H leukodystrophy.

Summary Background: Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are elevated in diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Little is known about their dynamics in the acute phase of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), especially in relation to the presence of DM and pre-diabetes (pre-DM). This study aimed to analyze timedependent changes in ox-LDL and hs-CRP regarding the presence of pre-DM and DM in STEMI patients treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Methods: In 103 consecutive patients with the first anterior STEMI ox-LDL and hs-CRP were measured before pPCI, on day 2 and day 7 after pPCI. Results: Patients were classified into: non-diabetics, pre-diabetics and diabetics. In each group the maximal ox-LDL concentration was found on admission, decreased on day 2 and reached the lowest values on day 7 (p<0.001). Diabetics had the highest ox-LDL concentrations compared to pre-diabetics and non-diabetics (on admission: p=0.028, on day 2: p=0.056, on day 7: p=0.004). hs-CRP concentration rose from admission, reached its peak on day 2 and decreased on day 7, in each group (p<0.001). Significant differences in hs-CRP concentrations were found between non-diabetics and pre-diabetics on admission (p=0.018) and day 2 (p=0.026). In a multivariate analysis DM was an independent determinant of high ox-LDL concentrations. Both ox-LDL and hs-CRP significantly correlated with Killip class, left ventricular ejection fraction, NT-proBNP and peak troponin I. Conclusions: In patients with the first STEMI treated by pPCI there were significant differences in ox-LDL and hs-CRP concentrations between non-diabetics, pre-diabetics and diabetics. Ox-LDL and hs-CRP concentrations were related to heart failure parameters. Kratak sadržaj Uvod: Oksidovani lipoprotein niske gustine (ox-LDL) i vi- sokosenzitivni C-reaktivni protein (hs-CRP) povišeni su u dijabetes melitusu (DM) i povezani sa ubrzanom atero- sklerozom. Malo je poznata njihova dinamika u akutnoj fazi infarkta miokarda sa elevacijom ST segmenta (STEMI), na- ročito uzavisnosti od prisustva DM ili predijabetesa (pre-DM). Ova studija je analizirala promenu koncentracija ox-LDL i hs-CRP u akutnoj fazi STEMI u odnosu na prisustvo pre- DM i DM kod bolesnika lečenih primarnom perkutanom koronarnom intervencijom (pPKI). Metode: Kod 103 konsekutivna bolesnika sa prvim pred- njim STEMI, hs-CRP i ox-LDL mereni su pre pPCI, drugog i sedmog dana nakon pPKI. Rezultati: Bolesnici su podeljeni u tri grupe: nedijabetičari, predijabetičari i dijabetičari. U svakoj grupi maksimalna koncentracija ox-LDL bila je na prijemu, smanjivala se drugog dana i postizala najniže vrednosti sedmog dana (p<0,001). Dijabetičari su uvek imali najviše vrednosti ох- LDL u poređenju sa predijabetičarima i nedijabetičarima (na prijemu: p=0,028, drugog dana: p=0,056 i sedmog dana: p=0,004). Koncentracija hs-CRP je u svakoj grupi rasla od prijema, postizala maksimalne vrednosti drugog dana i smanjivala se sedmog dana (p<0,001). Značajna razlika u koncentraciji hs-CRP između nedijabetičara i predijabetičara registrovana je na prijemu (p=0,018) i dru- gog dana (p=0,026). U multivarijantnoj analizi DM je bio nezavisan prediktor visokih koncentracija ox-LDL. I ox-LDL i hs-CRP su značajno korelisali sa Killip klasom, ejekcionom frakcijom leve komore, koncentracijom NT-proBNP i mak- simalnom vrednošču troponina I. Zaključak: Kod bolesnika sa prvim STEMI lečenim pPKI postojale su značajne razlike u koncentraciji ox-LDL i hs- CRP između nedijabetičara, predijabetičara i dijabetičara. Koncentracije ox-LDL i hs-CRP značajno su korelisale sa parametrima srčane insuficijencije.

We use the ’’social shaping of technology and society’’ framework to qualitatively analyze data collected through observation of human-robot interaction (HRI) between social actors ina nursing home (staff, residents, visitors) and the socially assistive robot PARO. The study took place over the course of three months, during which PARO was placed in a publicly accessibly space where participants could interact with it freely. Social shaping focuses attention onsocial factors that affect the use and interpretation of technology in particular contexts. Wetherefore aimed to understand how different social actors make sense of and use PARO in daily interaction. Our results show participant gender, social mediation, and individual sense making led to differential use and interpretation of the robot, which affected the success of human-robot interactions. We also found that exposure to others interacting with PARO affected the nursing staff’s perceptions of robots and their potential usefulness in eldercare. This shows that social shaping theory provides a valuable perspective for understanding the implementation of robots in long-term HRI and can inform interaction design in this domain. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1.2. User/Machine Systems; I.2.9. Robotics: Commercial robots and applications; K.4.2 SocialIssues: Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities General Terms Human factors

This video presents the interactions between MiRAE, an interactive robotic face, and visitors to an art exhibition at which it was displayed. The robot operated eight hours a day, six days a week, for three weeks in Spring 2014 and interacted with over 700 people across 300 interactions. The robot was fully autonomous and researchers were not present on site during the exhibit, so people interacted in a free-form manner, both individually and in groups. During the exhibit, video recordings were taken of people's responses to the robot. This video depicts a series of resulting interactions, with MiRAE's interpretation of the events.

Robots are expected to become present in society in increasing numbers, yet few studies in human-robot interaction (HRI) go beyond one-to-one interaction to examine how emotions, attitudes, and stereotypes expressed toward groups of robots differ from those expressed toward individuals. Research from social psychology indicates that people interact differently with individuals than with groups. We therefore hypothesize that group effects might similarly occur when people face multiple robots. Further, group effects might vary for robots of different types. In this exploratory study, we used videos to expose participants in a between-subjects experiment to robots varying in Number (Single or Group) and Type (anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, or mechanomorphic). We then measured participants’ general attitudes, emotions, and stereotypes toward robots with a combination of measures from HRI (e.g., Godspeed Questionnaire, NARS) and social psychology (e.g., Big Five, Social Threat, Emotions). Results suggest that Number and Type of observed robots had an interaction effect on responses toward robots in general, leading to more positive responses for groups for some robot types, but more negative responses for others. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems - human factors. J.4 [Social and Behavioral Sciences]: Psychology. I.2.9 [Artificial Intelligence] Robotics. General Terms Experimentation, Human Factors. General Terms Experimentation, Human Factors.

We explore human-robot interaction (HRI) with socially assistive robots within a broader social context instead of one-on-one interaction.. In this paper, we describe two in situ studies of the socially assistive robot PARO in a local nursing home -- one in a controlled small group setting, and one in free-form interaction in a public space -- as well as our future research agenda to facilitate socially situated exploration of assistive robotics in the wild. We particularly focus on how people and institutions scaffold successful HRI, and identify how social mediation, individual sensemaking, and other social factors affect the success of HRI.

This workshop aims to share best practices for teaching courses in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). The main focus is on undergraduate and graduate education and training, but K-12 and informal learning environments are also of interest. HRI is still a relatively new field with no standardized textbook or curriculum. Furthermore, HRI education requires an interdisciplinary approach, which poses challenges for both students and instructors. This workshop will bring together researchers and educators to discuss strategies for designing and teaching HRI to students with diverse backgrounds and skill sets.

Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is a newly developed, widely applied insecticide. In the aquatic environment, several transformation products are formed under natural conditions, one by dehydration and others by photoinduced degradation. Data on aquatic ecotoxicity of CAP can mainly be found in registration and regulatory evaluation reports. Moreover, the toxicity of its transformation products and especially effects upon chronic exposure remain completely unknown. Hence, our aim was to investigate the acute and chronic toxicity of CAP and its transformation products to the daphnid Daphnia magna. The results showed that CAP is extremely toxic to D. magna, with an acute and chronic LC50 of 9.4 and 3.7 μg/L, respectively. No effects on daphnid reproduction were observed, but the impact on daphnid survival also affected population growth rate, with an EC50 of 3.5 μg/L. In contrast, no negative effects of the two main degradation products were observed. The present study demonstrated a high sensitivity of nontarget microcrustaceans to CAP. However, the actual risk of CAP in water diminishes with its spontaneous or light-induced degradation into two transformation products, showing no toxicity to the daphnids in the present study.