Coal combustion power plant Kolubara A has five thermal units with total installed capacity of 270 MW operates as a part of Public Enterprise which has planned to accept and apply the Clean Development Mechanism (new power plants on lignite and natural gas with higher energy efficiency as well as activities related to the rehabilitation and modernization of existing facilities). Two units were put in operation before more than fifty years and in order to extend the lifetime of these blocks in the process of revitalization, in this paper, beside an existing option which considers coal (lignite) combustion, are analysed possible options of thermal power units with gas and renewable energy sources: biomass, renewable solid fuels, waste materials, wind and sun. Paper presents seven energy system options of the thermal unit status which are described with suitable chosen indicators in respect to different aspects of sustainability: economical, ecological, social and resources indicators. In this paper energy indicators are defined as a tool for the sustainability assessment of energy system options. ASPID method of multi-criteria assessment was used to calculate general index of sustainability and obtained ranking of options. This study presented and analysed cases, with predefined constraints when priority has environmental indicator and different conditions where one of sub-indicators have priority, as an example of applying multi-criteria method.
Introduction Thoracic splenosis is defined as the autotransplantation of splenic tissue into thorax. It occurs due to splenic rupture in association with a diaphragmatic tear on the left side after a traumatic event. It is a rare disease that most commonly remains undiscovered as it is usually asymptomatic. Case Outline We present a symptomatic case of thoracic splenosis in a 53-year-old smoker male patient with a medical history of abdominal surgery and splenectomy for a thoracoabdominal gunshot. Three years before the medical examination he was suffering from dyspnea, frequent coughing, left pleuritic chest pain and complained about faster fatigue. A chest radiograph obtained during a medical checkup showed a multinodular left pleura-based mass in the upper lobe. Established histopathological diagnosis after surgical removal of the nodule was splenosis. No evidence of malignancy was observed. Conclusion Splenosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis by the undertaken workup of left pulmonary nodules or masses in patients with a history of trauma.
Background Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in both sexes in the world. Improvement of existing therapy modalities and implementing new ones in order to improve survival of patients with colorectal cancer represents a great challenge for medicine. The aim of this paper was to assess the impact that adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy has on survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, compared to the use of chemotherapy alone. Methods Hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined from the studies and pooled. Two-sided p values were reported and considered to indicate statistical significance if less than 0.05. Results A total of 12 studies that meet the inclusion criteria were identified in the literature search, 3 phase II studies and 9 phase III studies. Based on the random effects meta-analysis, a statistically significant improvement was identified for both overall survival (HR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74–0.94; p = 0.003) and progression free survival (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.55–0.73; p<0.00001) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer when bevacizumab was added to chemotherapy, compared to chemotherapy treatment alone. Conclusion The findings of this meta analysis confirm the benefit of adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy in terms of survival and progression free survival, but the magnitude of this effect is not consistent throughout the included studies. This suggests the need for further research of interaction of bevacizumab with chemotherapeutic agents as well as recognition of patients’ characteristics important for the treatment selection criteria.
Uvod: Pravilna prehrana je važan faktor za unapređenje i očuvanje zdravlja. Savremen način života koji karakteriše dug radni dan, neredovan unos hrane, unos bar jednog obroka u toku dana van kuće i promjena navika u prehrani u pogledu izbora, vrste, načina pripreme i količine namirnica u svakodnevnoj prehrani, uz smanjenu fizičku aktivnost, doveli su do porasta broja zdravstvenih problema u čijoj osnovi je nepravilna prehrana. Cilj rada: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati općenito prehrambene navike i status uhranjenosti srednjoškolaca na području općine Travnik, te postoje li određene razlike u navedenim karakteristikama s obzirom na spol. Metodologija: U istraživanje je uključeno 229 učenika uzrasta 15-18 godina, 90 učenika muškog spola i 139 ženskog spola. Kao instrumenti mjerenja korišteni su anketni upitnik koji je izrađen u svrhu ovog istraživanja (22 pitanja o prehrambenim i životnim navikama) i antropometrijska mjerenja (visina i težina). Procjena stepena uhranjenosti provedena je na osnovu percentilnih krivulja, tj. na osnovu izračunatih vrijednosti za visinu i masu u odnosu na godine. Rezultati: Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da prema percentilnim krivuljama 196 (85,59 %) učenika uzrasta od 15-18 godina ima poželjnu tjelesnu težinu, 29 (12,67 %) ima prekomjernu tjelesnu težinu, dok pretilih učenika nema. Kada je u pitanju konzumiranje kuhanog ručka na osnovu dobivenih rezultata postoji statistički značajna razlika (X 2 =10.400; df=3; Sig.=0.015 (p=0.05)), veći je postotak djevojaka 62 (44,60 %) koje svakodnevno konzumiraju isti u odnosu na mladiće 23 (25,56 %). Zaključak: Rezultati dobiveni ovim istraživanjem pokazali su da je najveći postotak ispitanika muškog 74 (82.22 %) i ženskog spola 122 (87,77 %) normalno uhranjeno, prekomjernu tjelesnu težinu ima 15 (16,67 %) mladića i 14 (10,07 %) djevojaka. Pravilna prehrana je veoma značajna za očuvanje zdravlja i za dug, kvalitetan život. Djeci i mladima je potrebna raznovrsna i uravnotežena prehrana, kako bi povoljno utjecala na rast i razvoj, dobru funkciju imunološkog sistema te mentalnu i radnu sposobnost.
More than ever distribution of fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) between two neighbors, and ex partners in CEFTA 2006, Croatia and B&H becomes in focus of producers and retailers. Mainly because customs liberation that existed between two ex CEFTA partners ceased to be valid by entering Croatia in EU, and leaving CEFTA. Bosnia and Herzegovina was most important trading partner for Croatia, with the highest rate of trade liberalization within CEFTA 2006. At the same time Croatia was the most important trade partner for B&H. According to above mentioned the aim of this paper is to find out the possibility of the promotion of foreign trade between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia for consumer products (milk and dairy products). Those FMCG earlier exchanged between two partners became today more costly. For that reason, to make these products more attractive to their consumers retailers and producers from both countries must jointly work to create greater value, i.e. compensate for the price difference trough creation of the value chain between B&H and Croatia retailers and producers.
The paper considers the consensus problem in large networks represented by time-varying directed graphs. A practical way of dealing with large-scale networks is to reduce their dimension by collapsing the states of nodes belonging to densely and intensively connected clusters into aggregate variables. It will be shown that under suitable conditions, the states of the agents in each cluster converge fast toward a local agreement. Local agreements correspond to aggregate variables which slowly converge to consensus. Existing results concerning the time-scale separation in large networks focus on fixed and undirected graphs. The aim of this work is to extend these results to the more general case of time-varying directed topologies. It is noteworthy that in the fixed and undirected graph case the average of the states in each cluster is time-invariant when neglecting the interactions between clusters. Therefore, they are good candidates for the aggregate variables. This is no longer possible here. Instead, we find suitable time-varying weights to compute the aggregate variables as time-invariant weighted averages of the states in each cluster. This allows to deal with the more challenging time-varying directed graph case. We end up with a singularly perturbed system which is analyzed by using the tools of two time-scales averaging which seem appropriate to this system.
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