UDK 631.41:633.15; 633.15:546.48 (497.6) Cadmium content in soil is an important factor which determines the content of this heavy metal in plants. However, many other factors including soil pH, content of organic matter, other trace minerals in soil which could reduce or enhance cadmium uptake by roots of plants as well as anthropogenic routes of cadmium contamination (mining, superphosphates and industry) can have an influence on the cadmium concentrations in plant tissue. A three years study was conducted to evaluate cadmium content in green mass of silage maize in certain areas of Central Bosnia region. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was developed to predict maize tissues cadmium concentration as function of different factors such as soil cadmium content, pH of soil, organic matter in soil as well as phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron content in soil. The results indicate huge variability of cadmium content in soil (maximum value was more than 3fold greater than the minimum value) and green mass of maize (maximum to minimum ratio greater than 100). Cadmium concentration in all investigated samples of maize was below maximum tolerable levels in ruminant nutrition. Using a stepwise multiple linear regression method, a significant model emerged (F2.14 = 55.193, p<0.001; R2 = 0.887). Significant variables were phosphorus (Beta = 0.813, p<0.001) and potassium (Beta = -0.401, p<0.005) content in soil. Soil pH, organic matter, cadmium, zinc and iron were not significant in this model. Insignificant correlation between soil and plant cadmium content (r=0.374, p=0.07) indicates that the presence of cadmium in the soil may not be the main determinant of its content in plants.

This paper provides theoretical background and empirical research on state’s role in financial sector development, focusing on state’s role in achieving pro-poor economic growth through its activities in development of the financial sector. To this end, in the theoretical part of the paper it is explained that pro-poor growth depends on the strong private sector, while at the same time private sector development is dependent on the degree of financial sector development. Defining pro-poor growth as a set of policies aiming to reduce poverty, it is argued that pro-poor growth is dependent on financial sector development both, directly and indirectly. Financial sector development contributes to poverty reduction directly through improvement of the access to financial products/services to the poor, and indirectly through private sector’s better access to financial sources which as a consequence impacts the overall economic growth of the country. By analyzing theoretical approaches, it is shown that government policies and actions in financial sector development might positively impact private sector development, and therefore (indirectly and directly) contributes to pro-poor growth. The empirical part of the paper discusses the role of the state in financial sector development and its contribution to economic growth and poverty reduction in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), arguing that this growth needs to be pro-poor oriented as BIH is the poorest country in Europe. In order to assess state’s role in financial sector development and its implication to pro-poor growth in BIH, surveys among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and government representatives were conducted. The aim of the surveys was to analyze the perceptions of private sector participants and of government institution employees perceptions about the government role in development of the financial sector oriented to SMEs. The research shows significant disagreement between the two surveyed groups about the efforts currently being implemented by BIH government in supporting the private sector through financial sector development. It is concluded that government needs to work more closely with the private sector as well as with the financial sector so as to better identify the private sector needs and then create policies and take actions necessary for the private sector to develop, which would consequently lead to poverty reduction.

Foi com muito gosto que aceitei o convite para preparar um contributo para esta secção “Dentro da APRH”, em que se pretende dar a conhecer a vida da Associação, incentivando-se assim uma maior proximidade e envolvimento de todos os Associados. Neste caso, trata-se de refletir sobre os dois anos da vida da APRH durante os quais tive a honra de presidir à respetiva Comissão Diretiva (CD). Para responder a esta solicitação não pude deixar de revisitar as linhas programáticas apresentadas à eleição de Março de 2014. Foram quatro as grandes temáticas então consideradas: “Avanço da Ciência e Desafio da Inovação”, “Políticas Públicas”, “Internacionalização” e “Organização Interna”. Esse guião, ancorado nos objetivos estatutários da APRH, considerava essencial materializarem-se atividades destinadas a assegurar uma presença forte da APRH num momento em que se assistia à formulação e implementação de novas políticas e iniciativas para a água, quer a nível nacional, quer a nível internacional. O mandato, iniciado a 11 de Abril de 2014 e terminado a 22 de Março de 2016, foi marcado por uma realidade complexa, com mudanças de orientação política e um período de contenção financeira que exigiu um grande esforço de criatividade para que pudéssemos corporizar a agenda que tínhamos anunciado. Falando apenas de números, em jeito de balanço, foi possível organizar 35 eventos e editar dois livros e uma monografia. Toda esta informação pode ser encontrada na página web (www.aprh.pt). Aí, pode constatar-se que estes resultados foram alcançados com um trabalho articulado entre a CD, as Comissões Especializadas (CE), os Núcleos Regionais (NR), os Diretores das Revistas e um conjunto de associados que sempre disseram presente à proposta de envolvimento em várias atividades. Temos uma Associação viva, interveniente, e que, como tem vindo a ser demonstrado, emite opiniões sobre as grandes temáticas da água em variados fora e promove iniciativas em que se reflete sobre assuntos que vão desde a governância até aos mais recentes desenvolvimento técnico-científicos no domínio referido. Mas neste momento, mais do que os números, parece-nos importante perceber o enquadramento e o significado, digamos, o “fio condutor”, das iniciativas levadas a cabo. Não se trata aqui de fazer um Relatório de Atividades (isso já foi feito, como é habitual anualmente, e está disponível), ou de salientar nomes de autores, títulos ou datas de eventos, pois toda essa informação detalhada, como já foi referido, consta da página da APRH. Durante este biénio, viveu-se um período de uma forte discussão sobre a reestruturação do Grupo Águas de Portugal que ocupou intensamente o espaço mediático. Envolvemo-nos nesse debate, mas constatouse que na mesma época não apareceu a mais pequena alusão à necessidade de preservar, valorizar e gerir adequadamente o recurso que está na origem da atividades dos serviços Comissão Diretiva: Biénio 2014-15

The participation of transgenic Bt corn in the Brazilian production system is considerable compared to traditional cultures. However, little is known about the effect of this croop in microbial properties of soil. The aim of this work was to evaluate, the effect of Bt corn on the microbiota in different types of soils. For this, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized factorial design (3x2) using of three types of A horizon (Brown Oxisol, Yellow Argisol, and Red Yellow Argisol) and two types of corn Bt transgenic and non-transgenic, with 6 replicates per treatment. They were analyzed dry weight of shoot and root dry matter, total density of bacteria, fungi, cellulolytic, amonifiers, P solubilizing, microbial biomass carbon, microbial activity, quotient metabolic, total extraradical mycelium length, percentage and intensity of mycorrhizal colonization and total number of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The results showed low effect of Bt transgenic corn, except for density of bacteria and total extraradical mycelium length of the AMF, with decrease and increase respectively, and significant effects of different soil types on soil microbiota and its processes.

The subject of this paper refers to the current obstacles to the development of women's entrepreneurship in B&H: namely, the obstacles arising from the impact of gender roles on women's entrepreneurship, barriers arising from missing entrepreneurial knowledge and skills, barriers relating to the source of capital and establishment procedures and the obstacles that result from inhibiting factors. The overall purpose of this research was to identify the scientific method and clarify the current obstacles to the development of women’s entrepreneurship in B&H, in order to be on the basis of research results identify concrete measures to reduce unemployment. In order to identify the key obstacles to the development of women entrepreneurship in B&H, the methodology is based on primary research, in which data are collected by the method of written tests using a structured questionnaire. Based on consultation with relevant theoretical sources and the empirical research, the main conclusion of this study is that access to finance and advisory services, entrepreneurial skills and administrative services are basic factors limiting the development of female entrepreneurship in B&H.

<p style="text-align: justify;">Mixed-mode fracture in delamination test utilizing double cantilever specimens loaded with bending moments is investigated in the paper. FEM simulations are performed using cohesive zone model where different configurations of test loadings and two critical fracture energy values, ie. two fracture process zone lengths, are considered. Fracture energy partitioning is performed and fracture mode-mixity is determined using simulation results, i.e. mode I and mode II fracture parts in total fracture energy are calculated. The fracture mode-mixities numerically determined for different configurations are compared with results obtained using two analytical fracture energy partitioning theories, according to Williams and to Hutchinson and Suo. An excellent agreement between numerical and the analytical results is observed.</p>

INTRODUCTION Use of intravenous heroin carries a risk of serious medical conditions, including acquiring blood-borne infections. Therefore, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represent a threat for people who inject drugs (PWID). The objectives of this study were to determine the extent and characteristics of risk factors for acquiring HBV and HCV infection in PWID included in opiate substitution treatment in the southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). METHODOLOGY The study included 120 adult PWID of both sexes who participated in opiate substitution treatment. All participants were interviewed, and their blood samples were tested for the presence of the surface hepatitis B virus antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV). Prevalence data were obtained and compared to the serological status. RESULTS HBsAg prevalence among PWID was 0.8% (1/120), whereas seroprevalence of anti-HCV was 52.5% (63/120). PWID exposed to risk-behavior factors (such as unsafe sexual activity, serving prison sentence, and tattooing) were more frequently anti-HCV positive. Sharing drug paraphernalia was found to be the most significant risk factor. The highest predictive values for acquiring HCV-infection were attributed to PWID who used heroin for more than three years and who were unmarried. CONCLUSIONS HBsAg prevalence among PWID is rare (0.8%), while HCV-infection (52.5%) presents an important health and social issue among PWID in B&H. Sharing drug paraphernalia and intravenous heroin use longer than three years were the most prominent risk-behavior factors among the patients we investigated.

Contemporary theoretical concepts in architecture are almost unimaginable without new perceptions of the importance of cultural identity. Today, this very sensitive question deserves careful attention, especially in small countries, in which transitional processes are still present. Importance of the architecture in this process is invaluable. Architecture visualizes values of a culture by its formal sensations. That characteristic guides us to perceive development and upgrade the cultural identity from two positions – through both the implications of place and time. In specific complexity the cultural identity of Bosnia and Herzegovina was created out of sources susceptible to the various influences as well as reshaped, embodying social awareness. In this context, an analytical model is constructed for the purpose of finding answers to burning questions in which way architecture and urban forms influence the shaping of the cultural identities of societies in transition and how this cultural identity becomes locally and globally sustainable.