The research on 10 old and indigenous pear cultivars was conducted during 2012 and 2013 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The following characteristics were determined: fruit weight, fruit length and width, stalk length and width, fruit flesh firmness ; soluble solids content and total dry matter content of the fruit juice ; pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the fruit cell juice. On the basis of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of pomological fruit characteristics the studied cultivars were divided into four main groups. Based on the PCA of biochemical traits the studied cultivars can be divided into three groups. Extremely high phenolic content in the cvs Mioljnjaca, Žutica, Poljakinja, Karamut and Gradiscanka recommends them for their inclusion in a breeding programme. The cvs Mioljnjaca and Poljakinja are also characterised by large and firm fruit and since the antioxidant capacity affects the duration of fruit storage, it is expected that these traditionally grown varieties can survive longer and keep their valuable nutritional ingredients longer.

Electrostatic gating enables key functionality in modern electronic devices by altering the properties of materials. While classical electrostatics is usually sufficient to understand the effects of gating in extended systems, the inherent quantum properties of gating in nanostructures offer unexplored opportunities for materials and devices. Using first-principles calculations for Co/bilayer graphene, Co/BN/graphene, and Co/BN/benzene, as well as a simple physical model, we show that heterostructures with two-dimensional materials yield tunable magnetic proximity effects. van der Waals bonding is identified as a requirement for large electronic structure changes by gating, enabling both the magnitude and sign change of spin polarization in physisorbed graphene. The ability to electrically reverse the spin polarization of an electrode provides an alternative to using the applied magnetic field or spin transfer torque in spintronic devices, thus transforming a spin valve into a spin transistor.

Since war activities, the previously mixed population of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, live in segregated parts of the town based on ethnicity. The aim of this study was to examine differences in health risks and health status between populations of the two parts of the town. Health status of 300 randomly selected primary care patients was evaluated by practicing family physicians in two main primary care centers in West and East Mostar. Each group consisted of 150 patients. Data were collected between December 2013 and May 2014. Patients were evaluated for smoking habit, alcohol consumption, body mass index, blood pressure and laboratory measurement of fasting glycemia. Family physicians provided diagnosis of chronic noninfectious diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, malignant disease, depression, and alcoholism). The two groups differed according to age, income, employment status, and rate of alcoholism and hypertension. Alcoholism (OR= 4.105; 95% CI 2.012-8.374) and hypertension (OR=1.972; 95% CI 1.253-3.976) were associated with inhabitants of West Mostar, adjusted for age, employment and income status on logistic regression. In conclusion, ethnic differences between inhabitants of the two parts of the town might influence health outcomes. These are preliminary data and additional studies with larger samples and more specific questions considering nutrition and cultural issues are needed to detect the potential differences between the groups.

Abstract Glyphosate is a pesticide that influences many blood parameters if taken orally or subcutaneously. This pesticide causes important changes in the metabolic activity which can be measured by organospecific enzyme activity such as liver aminotransferases (AST and ALT), while glucose acts as a stress, energy and metabolism indicator after acute glyphosate exposure. In this research, glyphosate was applied subcutaneously to rats, administrated each 24 hours for a 15 days period. The concentration of the applied glyphosate was 2.8 g/kg. The experimental rats were 13 weeks old. The concentration of serum glucose, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and liver transaminases (AST and ALT) were observed as indicators of metabolic changes after treatment. It was observed that glyphosate led to a statistically significant decrease of serum glucose level. Statistically significantly increased (p<0.05) AST, ALT and LDH activities are indicators of hepatocyte damage while LDH activity demonstrates damage of other tissues.

UDK: 630*37:630*4     Hauling of heavy and voluminous load (wood) partially through forest wastelands and partially on built roads makes this the most expensive phase, which is also technically the most challenging and most damaging for the forest eco-system. Although it is clear that the realisation of this phase in forest harvesting cannot be completed without certain forest damage, in expert and scientific circles there is general consent that by careful planning and execution in forestry, this damage can be brought down to an ‘acceptable’ level.   One of the reliable indicators of stand damage is the amount of mechanical damage resulting from forest harvesting operations. This damage can be ascertained rather easily and correctly, and the environmental and economic consequences of mechanical damage of standing trees are better known than those resulting from damaging saplings or the soil. (Martinić, 2000).  Pertaining to this, this paper presents the measuring and analysis of mechanical damage to standing trees as a result of hauling trees using the cable skidder ‘Timberjack 225 A’ in the forest unit 17,  Management Unit ‘Gornja Stavnja’, Forest Management Company ‘Gornjebosansko’. The amount of damage was analysed, the place where it occurred on the tree, the level of damage and the surface of the inflicted damage. All the stated analyses were carried out for two ways of skidding wood using a winch (falling and ascending).  Results show, among others, that the stand damage expressed in the percentage of damaged trees of the total tree count is 15.41%, which is the upper limit Martinić (1993) ascertained for this phase of forest harvesting, including the variability of working methods and techniques. Almost half of the damage is stated in the first third of the distance between the skidder path and transport boundary, with the largest amount of damage occurring on the most valuable part of the tree (butt end), especially during slope skidding.

A conflict of interest exists when decisions made by a person or institution are affected by direct financial interests or by non-financial issues, such as personal relationships, business associations, and membership in political, national or other groups. These circumstances favor secondary interests over primary interests in medicine and can influence contributions to science and health. Regardless of individual life experiences and personal background, physicians and other health professionals should strive to remain conflict-free. This paper illustrates conflicts of interests in biomedical research and medical practice caused by financial and nonfinancial influences. It also assesses how medical journals, professional organizations, healthcare, and government examine these issues. Presented examples of potential conflicting interests are related to healthcare industry, psychiatry and psychology (e.g., 'enhanced interrogation techniques'), sports medicine, and in the publication process of biomedical journals (authors, editors and peer reviewers). In order to avoid potential conflicting interests, today majority of medical journals request from the authors to disclose any such interests in a written statement on a form prepared by the ICMJE on the journal. This disclosure includes payments for consulting, speaking, honoraria, research support, personal relationships, and institutional conflicts of intersts that may influence the work presented in the submitted manuscript. The editor will decide on potentially relevant conflicting interest in the disclosure and publish it.