Uvod: Savremeni nacin života cesto dovodi do stresnih stanja koja se izražavaju u formi anksioznosti, depresije, nesanice, napetosti, agresivnosti i drugih manifestacija. U takvim situacijama cesto se koriste lijekovi iz grupe sedativa, ali i drugi farmaceutski farmaceutski pripravci. U novije vrijeme preporucuju se dijete i dodatci prehrani sa sedativnim ucinkom. Cilj rada: Cilj rada je bio na osnovu dostupnih znanstvenih informacija i istraživanja identificirati sastojke iz hrane koji imaju sedativni ucinak. Rezultati i rasprava: U hrani se nalazi nekoliko vrsta peptida, aminokiselina, vitamina i minerala koji imaju blage sedativne ucinke. Iz grupe aminokiselina najcesce su to fenilalanin, tirozin i triptofan, iz grupe vitamina tiamin, cijankobalamin i nikotinamid dok iz grupe minerala posebno je znacajan magnezij. Osim toga, vecina ovih sastojaka hrane se može koristiti u formi dodataka prehrani. Kao farmaceutski pripravci koriste se i ljekovite biljke kao sto su odoljen (Valeriana officinalis), maticnjak (Melissa officinalis), pasiflora (Passiflora). Za ublažavanje posljedica stresa preporucuju se antioksidansi iz hrane i dodataka prehrani ali i prakticiranje fizicke aktivnosti kao mjere za ublažavanje efekata stresa. Zakljucak: Stres je okidac za mnoge bolesti, a u nekim situacijama posljedice mogu biti fatalne. Prehranom se mogu ostvariti izvjesni sedativni ucinci, te smanjiti upotreba lijekova koji imaju po zdravlje stetne nuspojave.

This article provides a review of extant literature on Motivational Interviewing (MI) and its effect on medical/biopsychosocial treatment regimen adherence and general health outcomes in the geriatric population (>65 years). This is the first comprehensive literature review study exploring the effects of MI on older adults representative of typical age group seen in geriatrics clinics (i.e., >65 years, with many patients well into their 70s and 80s).The goal of the review is to provide readers with a focused, up-to-date outcome research review and to discuss the feasibility of clinical applications of MI within an interdisciplinary geriatric clinical settings and its adaptation for use with older individuals dealing with both mental health and general medical conditions. To be included in this review, studies had to be randomized controlled design, examine the effects of Motivational Interviewing, and include participants with an average age of 65 years or more. Though limited in number, 7 out of 9 studies reviewed showed a significant improvement in health outcomes as a result of Motivational Interviewing treatment. The two studies that showed no significant improvements included telephone-based MI counseling rather than face-to-face MI treatment. MI shows promise as an effective treatment in affecting health behavioral change for older adults, but further studies are needed to identify key necessary therapeutic features of the MI with this population.

Experimental methods used for characterizing epitopes that play a vital role in the development of peptide vaccines, in diagnosis of diseases, and also for allergy research are time consuming and need There are many online epitope prediction tools that can help experimenters in short listing the candidate peptides. To predict B epitopes in an antigenic sequence, Jordan recurrent neural network (JRNN) are found to be more successful. To train and test neural networks, 262.583 B epitopes are retrieved from IEDB database. 99.9% of these epitopes have lengths in the interval 6-25 amino acids. For each of these lengths, committees of 11 expert recurrent neural networks are trained. To train these experts alongside epitopes, non needed. Non-epitopes are created as random sequences of amino acids of the same length followed by a filtering process. To distinguish epitopes and non-epitopes, the votes of eleven experts are aggrega vote. An overall accuracy of 97.23% is achieved. Then these experts are used to predict the linear b epitopes of antigen, ESAT6 (Tuberculosis).