Implementation of IMRT with 4DCT simulation offers possibility to correlate the respiratory movements and position of tumor volume during radiotherapy treatment. The aim of this study is to quantify movements of primary tumor during IMRT treatment in three axes-Z-superoinferiorSI, X-mediolateral ML, Y -anteroposterior AP.This study included 15 patients with lung carcinomareferred to radical radiotherapy. Contouring of GTV was done in the phases FBGTV FB, phase 0-GTV0, phase 50GTV 50, and phase MIP-GTV MIP. Comparison was done with GTV FB as basic value. Evaluation was done in three axis-SI, AP, ML. The movements of GTV in relation to X axis were in the range 0.02-0.47 cm, in relation to Y axis in the range from 0.01-0.56 cm, and according to the Z axis in the range of 0.00-0.79 cm. Based on the results of t-test there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) related to X axis between the upper and lower lobe. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the upper, lower and middle lobes related to Y and Z axis. The test results which were obtained after the 4D CT simulation and planning of IMRT treatment show the importance of high-quality and precise radiation therapy treatment.

Background/Aim. Local infiltration anaesthesia (LIA) is significantly simpler compared to the inferior alveolar nerve block (IAB) and less unpleasant for patients. However, it is not efficient if used in posterior region of the mandible, at least with traditional local anaesthetics. The aim of this study was to compare anaesthetic efficacy of two techniques the LIA in the posterior segment of the mandible, and the IAB, using 4% articaine with 1 : 100,000 adrenaline and to note possible changes in haemodynamic parameters caused by these two techniques. Methods. Sixty pre-informed patients were divided into two study groups. Both groups received 1.8 mL of the same anaesthetic solution, 4% articaine with adrenaline 1 : 100,000, with two different techniques of local anaesthesia. The first group received the LIA in projection of root apex of the first lower molar; the second group received the IAB. The examined parameters were: changes in tooth sensitivity after 5 and 30 minutes in relation to the value recorded before administering the anaes-thetics, onset of anaesthesia, width of anaesthetic field, and duration of anaesthesia. Also, the impact of the applied techniques on cardiovascular parameters was noticed. Re-sults. The LIA group had a statistically significant decrease in sensitivity 5 minutes after application of the local anaesthetic. The decreasing trend continued between 5 and 30 minutes, although without statistical significance. There was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity changes between two groups for the first molar and the first and second premolars. However, there was a statistically significant difference in duration of local anaesthesia in favour of the IAB, while the width of anaesthetic fields was significantly higher after the LIA. Significant changes in hemodynamic parameters were not recorded within the two groups. Conclusion. The effect of the LIA on tooth sensitivity of premolars and first molar is quite satisfactory. The IAB was more effective for canine and second molar. None of the tested techniques had any significant effect on the cardio-vascular parameters.

Thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) has been used to improve myocardial perfusion through a re du ction of the thrombotic burden eventually resul ting with better clinical outcomes.1,2 After the initial enthusiasm derived from the mortality reduction shown in early randomized and observational studies,3-7 disa ppointing results have been yielded in more recent larger scale trials testing the routine use of thrombus aspiration in pPCI.8-12 As a consequence, this technique has lost its initial appeal and currently is often neglected or even considered as a useless by the interventional cardiologists. The recent meta-analysis by Jolly et al.13 conducted in more than 18,000 patients once again re in forces the evidence that overall there is no benefit in the routine use of thrombus aspiration during pPCI. However, it has the merit to shed light on the residual potential of this technique, which has pro bably been dismissed too quickly. First, there were no significant differences in the occurrence of cardio va scular events up to 1-year post-pPCI between patients treated conventio nally versus those treated with routine adjunctive thrombus aspiration. Of interest, in the sub group of patients with large angiographic thrombus burden (i.e., TIMI thrombus grade ≥3), thrombus aspira tion was associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular death [2.5 % vs. 3.1 %; hazard ratio 0.80, 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.65–0.98, P=0.03]. This meta-analysis in fact assessed data from the three lar gest randomized trials on this topic, namely Thrombus Aspiration during Percutaneous coronary intervention in Acute myocardial infarction Study (TAPAS),4,5 Throm bus Aspiration in ST elevation Myocardial Infarction in Scandinavia (TASTE)8,9 and

Uvod: Pedagoški rad, odnosno edukacija, u ustanovama odgoja i obrazovanja posebno u periodu ranog djetinjstva predstavlja temeljno djelovanje za razvoj pozitivnih navika i zdravih stilova života. Ranija pedagoška, a posebno longitudinalna istraživanja pokazala su kako predškolski odgoj, utjecaj obitelji i škole značajno doprinose razvoju higijenskih, zdravstvenih, ekoloških, kulturnih i emocionalnih navika kod djece. Smatra se da su predškolska i školska dob ujedno razdoblja koja stručnjaci definiraju kao vrijeme i pedagoško-odgojnu, obiteljsku i društvenu obavezu za prikladno započinjanje prevencije kroničnih bolesti odrasle dobi, u prvom redu kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Kroz pravilnu prehranu djeca zadovoljavaju svoje energetske potrebe, ali i unos vitamina i minerala. To znači da periodu njihovog razvoja treba prilagoditi prehranu, pa zato u vrtiće i škole treba uvesti promjene. Cilj rada: Istražiti pedagoške aspekte utjecaja pravilne prehrane na razvoj pozitivnih navika kod djece u školama kroz zastupljenost takvih sadržaja u nastavnim programima osnovnog obrazovanja Tuzlanskog kantona. Materijal i metode: Ovo presječno istraživanje provedeno je tijekom rujna 2015. godine na osnovu podataka dobivenih iz nastavnih planova i programa za osnovno obrazovanje na Tuzlanskom kantonu. Korištena je analitičko deskriptivna metoda i postupak analize sadržaja četiri nastavna predmeta: „Moja okolina“, „Biologija“, „Kemija“ i „Kultura življenja“. Ovi predmeti se uče na nivou druge i treće trijade osnovnog obrazovanja. Zaključak: Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je u devetogodišnjem osnovnom obrazovanju obuhvaćeno jedanaest predmeta koji obrađuju ili u sebi imaju zastupljene sadržaje koji tretiraju prehranu i zdrave stilove života djece u osnovnom obrazovanju. Važno je osvijestiti da je potrebna veća zastupljenost ovakvih sadržaja kroz nastavne predmete, kao i kontinuirana edukacija odgajatelja i nastavnika u području nutricionizma i ekologije te kulture o zdravom životu i razvoju mladih. Kao mjeru prevencije, predlaže se da nadležne stručne pedagoške službe i ministarstva hitno učine promjene u pogledu sadržaja nastavnih programa osnovnog obrazovanja kroz model izborne nastave koja će predvidjeti prehranu i zdrave stilove života kao važnu pedagošku djelatnost za razvoj mladih.

We present some basic discrete models in populations dynamics of single species with several age classes. Starting with the basic Beverton-Holt model that describes the change of single species we discuss its basic properties such as a convergence of all solutions to the equilibrium, oscillation of solutions about the equilibrium solutions, Allee’s effect, and Jillson’s effect. We consider the effect of the constant and periodic immigration and emigration on the global properties of Beverton-Holt model. We also consider the effect of the periodic environment on the global properties of Beverton-Holt model.