With the transition toward 5G, mobile cellular networks are evolving into a powerful platform for ubiquitous large-scale information acquisition, communication, storage, and processing. 5G will provide suitable services for mission-critical and real-time applications such as the ones envisioned in future smart grids. In this work, we show how the emerging 5G mobile cellular network, with its evolution of machine-type communications and the concept of mobile edge computing, provides an adequate environment for distributed monitoring and control tasks in smart grids. In particular, we present in detail how smart grids could benefit from advanced distributed state estimation methods placed within the 5G environment. We present an overview of emerging distributed state estimation solutions, focusing on those based on distributed optimization and probabilistic graphical models, and investigate their integration as part of the future 5G smart grid services.

Motion control technology is making its way into the unstructured world inhabited by humans. It allows development of applications beyond the structured environment of an industrial plant. Such applications of motion control technology require shifting focus to the models, control strategies and algorithms needed for systems to work, interact, and cooperate with humans or other artifacts in an unstructured environment. Real-world haptic interactions are becoming an important technology with potential application in many different fields like surgery, teleoperation, cooperative work, microsystems, and education. These developments are leading to numerous challenges that need to be solved in order to develop practical and competent systems that support the human operator, and are fault tolerant, safe, easy to use, and capable of adapting to long-term changes in the environment. This paper discusses a number of the emerging issues within motion control technology, including but not limited to new algorithms that allow concurrent force/position control, human-in-the loop control, control in functionally related systems and haptics over internet.

Introduction: In recent years the quality of life of patients is very important in monitoring the treatment and therapeutic procedure success. It has become a significant factor in assessing the therapeutic procedure accomplishment, and for the first time the patient alone can access the success of the respective therapy. Cancer of the oral cavity is one of the most common cancers of the head and neck, and is one of the ten most common causes of death in the world. In the majority of cases, cancer of the oral cavity is detected in an advanced stage when therapeutic options are reduced, and the prognosis is much worse. Cancer of the oral cavity is 10 times more common in men. Assessment of quality of life should be an indicator of the multidisciplinary treatment success and it should point to areas in which the affected person requires support. Aim of the study: To examine the quality of life of patients with oral cavity cancer. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo (CCUS), through a survey on patients with verified oral cavity cancer, questionnaire related to socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL). The results were included in the database and statistically processed in the SPSS program, 19.0 version for Windows. Afterwards, the results were thoroughly analyzed and documented, presented in absolute numbers and statistical values using statistical indicators in simple and understandable tables and figures. Results: The study results showed that out of the total score of 100, the median value of quality of life of patients with oral cavity cancer, for the physical health component in the definition of quality was M=69.75 ±29.12 and for social-emotional health M=65.11 ± 27.47. Conclusion: This could be considered as satisfactory quality of life, in the sphere above half of the rating scale, although both values significantly deviate from the UW-QOL scale norm. Physical and socio-emotional health components are in a strong positive correlation, R2=0.750, p=0.0001.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract and are generally asymptomatic. A 39-year-old female patient was hospitalized in 2012 at Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, for a focal hypodense irregular circular lesion located in segment III of the left hepatic lobe, accidentally found by ultrasonography and verified by computed tomography. The findings were also verified with nuclear magnetic resonance and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. A biopsy sample of the lesion was analyzed by histologic and immunohistochemical methods and identified as GIST. The patient underwent surgical operation (tumor excision with terminoterminal anastomosis created between the second segment of duodenum and jejunum and resection of liver segment III). The histopathologic findings matched GIST with a high probability of relapse according to the localization, size, mitotic activity and Ki-67 values. Therefore, therapy with imatinib at a dose of 400 mg/day was administered. Three years after the operation, the patient is still in remission.

Summary The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire – Short Form is the most often used scale for measuring the quality of life of patients with psychiatric diseases. The aim of this research was to analyze the possibilities for measuring the quality of life in clinical conditions on the sample of patients with schizophrenia by using this scale. The study was conducted on the group including 153 patients with schizophrenia at the Institution for Accommodation of Adults “Male Pčelice”, Kragujevac. The study was observational and cross-sectional. The reliability of questionnaire was examined by using Cronbach’s alpha. The two tests of factor analysis adequacy were used, Spherical Bartlett’s Test and Keiser-Meyer-Olkin test (sampling adequacy). Validation was performed by calculating the correlation (validation by criteria). The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire – Short Form was reliable (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.730) and valid. According to Catell criterion two domains were applied. This two-component solution explained the total of 37.80% variance, whereby the contribution of the first domain was 27.1% and the second 10.7%. The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire – Short Form is suitable for everyday clinical evaluation of the patients with schizophrenia.

Summary Anxiety, depression and fear in general are the most common emotional problems in people with cancer and it is necessary to recognize them. The patients’ attitude towards the side effects of chemotherapy has changed significantly in recent years and psychological effects, rather than physiological ones, are becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable questionnaire that can measure cancer patients’ fear of the chemotherapy side effects (CheSeFS). A cross-sectional observational study involved 208 oncology and haematology patients at the Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Serbia and the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, while the external reliability was calculated by the split-half method with approximately the same number of respondents. In order to test the construct validity of the CheSeFS, all participants filled out the Scale of Depression, Anxiety and Stress-21 (DASS-21) and the Short Subjective Well-being Scale (SSWS), validated in Serbian language. Cronbach’s α coefficient reveals strong internal consistency, with a value of 0.922. The questionnaire demonstrated good structure and uniformity when randomly split into two parts. Exploratory component analysis revealed two factors with the same number of items that explain 61.691% of variance. The components are objective physiological effects of the treatment, and factor that depends on the patient’s psychological and sociological status, with approximately the same percentage of variance. The CheSeFS was positively correlated with the DASS-21 scale (ϱ = 0.595, p = 0.000). CheSeFS is a unique, reliable and valid two-factor 14-item instrument, a clinically useful tool to assess fear of the chemotherapy side effects in cancer patients.

Introduction: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)represents hemorrhage in the space between arachnoidea and pia mater, due to aneurysm burst, spontaneously or as a consequence of trauma. It is condition that occurs more common in women than men, and its most common complications are rebleeding and vazospasm. As a result of vasospasm, develops ischemia in the portion of brain tissue that can cause additional neurological deficit. Transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD) is a noninvasive ultrasound diagnostic method that allows monitoring of the state of intracerebral hemodynamics. Goal: The goal is to follow the occurrence of vasospasm after SAH, by the TCD method. Material and methods: We have analyzed 47 patients with SAH, by analyzing the presence of aneurysm, hypertension and smoking, and by the TCD method monitor the state of intracerebral hemodynamics during the first four days, then in the second and third week. Results: SAH was more common in women (61.7%) than men (38.3%), and in the age range from 22 to 64 years. Aneurism was demonstrated in 61.7% of patients, more common in women, with hypertension 68.1% also more common in women and smoking in 87.2% of patients, also more common in women. By TCD method are recorded milder, elevated blood flow velocities at a quarter of patients in the first measurement, during the second measurement at all and it had significantly greater value, and the third measurement also more increased in about a quarter of patients, so that there is a statistically significant difference in the first and second, second and third measurement for each vessel separately, but not between the first and third measurement. Conclusion: Predilection factors for SAH are aneurysms, hypertension and smoking. By using TCD method were recorded milder elevated blood flow velocity in the first days of SAH, with about a quarter of patients, significantly greater increase in blood flow velocity during the second week in all patients and also milder increase blood flow velocity in the third week of the start of SAH is a quarter of patients. TCD is the method of choice in the evaluation and management of vasospasm after SAH, which allows the prevention of delayed cerebral ischemia.

Objective Sport and scholastic factors are known to be associated with cigarette smoking in adolescence, but little is known about the causality of this association. The aim of this study was to prospectively explore the relationships of different sport and scholastic factors with smoking prevalence initiation in older adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods In this 2-year prospective cohort study, there were 872 adolescent participants (16 years at baseline; 46% females). The study consisted of baseline tests at the beginning of the third year (September 2013) and follow-up at the end of the fourth year of high school (late May to early June 2015). The independent variables were scholastic and sport-related factors. The dependent variables were (1) smoking at baseline, (2) smoking at follow-up and (3) smoking initiation over the course of the study. Logistic regressions controlling for age, gender and socioeconomic status were applied to define the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Results School absence at the baseline study was a significant predictor of smoking initiation during the course of the study (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8). Those who reported quitting sports at baseline showed an increased risk of smoking at the end of the study (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0) and of smoking initiation (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.0). Adolescents who reported lower competitive achievements in sport were at a higher risk of (1) smoking at baseline (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1), (2) smoking at follow-up (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1) and (3) smoking initiation (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.6). Conclusions In developing accurate antismoking public health policies for older adolescents, the most vulnerable groups should be targeted. The results showed that most participants initiated smoking before 16 years of age. Therefore, further investigations should evaluate the predictors of smoking in younger ages.

Testing strategies can either have a very positive or negative effect on the learning process. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of consistency in evaluating the practicality and logic of questions from a medical school pathophysiology test, between students and family medicine doctors. The study engaged 77 family medicine doctors and 51 students. Ten questions were taken from cardiac pathophysiology and 10 questions from pulmonary pathophysiology, and each question was assessed on the criteria of practicality and logic. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to test the difference between evaluators. On the criteria of logic, only four out of 20 items were evaluated differently by students in comparison to doctors, two items each from the fields of cardiology and pulmonology. On the criteria of practicality, for six of the 20 items there were statistically significant differences between the students and doctors, with three items each from cardiology and pulmonology. Based on these indicative results, students should be involved in the qualitative assessment of exam questions, which should be performed regularly under a strictly regulated process.

Referring to the current research and expertise of the world’s leading experts in the fields of public, global, physical and social health - in both developed and underdeveloped nations, the book: GLOBAL POPULATION HEALTH AND WELL-BEING IN THE 21st CENTURY; presents evidence-based review of the challenges that face the global population of the 21st century in the field of health and wellbeing. The history of modern Homo sapiens - us! –is short, although this our small and fragile planet exists and existed for billions of years, and the universe is even older and is constantly expanding. History of scientific approach for caring of the sick is precisely determined. Going back in history, it is interesting to know that just from some 70 years ago, we can treat infections by effective drugs, antibiotics...