Abstract: According to the World Bank, more than one quarter of worlds’ population is without a bank account and is excluded from financial system. Improving financial inclusion and building inclusive financial systems is in agenda of all policy makers in both developed and developing countries aiming to include the poorest part of the population in to the financial system. Financial inclusion is becoming more important topic in academic world, but also among regulators and policy makers. In order to emphasize the importance of financial inclusion, this paper investigates the extent of financial inclusion among Western Balkan countries and in comparison to other developing regions around the world. Using data from the World Banks’ Global Findex data base, this paper provides comparison of the level of financial inclusion in Western Balkans counties, focusing on the importance of government role in increasing financial inclusion. Research shows similar level of financial inclusion within Western Balkan countries measured by the following indicators of financial inclusion: percentage of population having formal account at a financial institution, percentage of population saving at financial institution and percentage of population borrowing at financial institution. Furthermore, the research shows that the level of financial inclusion in Western Balkan countries is slightly above the levels in other developing regions around the world, but still Western Balkan countries lack national financial inclusion strategies which will help increase their levels of financial inclusion to the level of more developed countries. Keywords: financial inclusion, Western Balkan countries, developing regions, national financial inclusion strategies, policy makers
According to the World Bank, more than one quarter of worlds’ population is without a bank account and is excluded from financial system. Improving financial inclusion and building inclusive financial systems is in agenda of all policy makers in both developed and developing countries aiming to include the poorest part of the population in to the financial system. Financial inclusion is becoming more important topic in academic world, but also among regulators and policy makers. In order to emphasize the importance of financial inclusion, this paper investigates the extent of financial inclusion among Western Balkan countries and in comparison to other developing regions around the world. Using data from the World Banks’ Global Findex data base, this paper provides comparison of the level of financial inclusion in Western Balkans counties, focusing on the importance of government role in increasing financial inclusion. Research shows similar level of financial inclusion within Western Balkan countries measured by the following indicators of financial inclusion: percentage of population having formal account at a financial institution, percentage of population saving at financial institution and percentage of population borrowing at financial institution. Furthermore, the research shows that the level of financial inclusion in Western Balkan countries is slightly above the levels in other developing regions around the world, but still Western Balkan countries lack national financial inclusion strategies which will help increase their levels of financial inclusion to the level of more developed countries.
The basic characteristics of vacuum switches are the following: high reliability, mechanical and electric durability, easy maintenance (no requirement for replacing or refilling the media intended for arc quenching, small dimensions and weight, the current being interrupted at the first zero phase without being accompanied by the repeated arc ignition, safety in terms of explosion and fire and zero environment pollution) [1-3]. The phenomenon of electric arc occurs in the course of the switching operation circuit-breaking with current. If this operation breaks the nominal current, the electric arc is wide (the diffuse arc). In case of short-circuit current breaking, the electric arc is narrow. The wide electric arc leads to contacts conditioning and increasing the value of breakdown voltage of the switch with open contacts. The narrow concentrated electric arc leads to considerable topography change of electrode surfaces thereby decreasing the breakdown voltage value of the switch with open contacts [4-7]. The concentrated arc oscillates under the influence of electromagnetic forces along the electrodes’ edge. In modern vacuum switches, the magnetic field in intercontact space is used for quenching the electric arc. The shape of magnetic field is obtained by contact geometry. The most commonly used shape is that of radial or axial magnetic field [8-10]. The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of the magnetic field shape in the inter-contact space in the context of contact degradation during the switching operations of circuit-breaking with current. 2. SWITCHING OPERATIONS OF CIRCUITBREAKING WITH CURRENT
Several mixtures, based on urea, urea hydrogen peroxide complex (UHP), triacetone triperoxide (TATP) with some inorganic oxidants were studied by means of ballistics mortar with TNT as a reference standard. The detonation pressure, P, detonation velocity, D, detonation heat, Q, and volume of gaseous product at standard temperature and pressure conditions (STP condition) were calculated by the mean of Explo5 V6.3. The relatively high explosive strength of some samples relative to the TNT charge, focuses on the positive influence of hydrogen peroxide presence in these mixtures, with advantage in the form of its complex with urea (i.e. as UHP). PROBLEMS OF MECHATRONICS ARMAMENT, AVIATION, SAFETY ENGINEERING ISSN 2081-5891 8, 3 (29), 2017, 23-32 PROBLEMY MECHATRONIKI UZBROJENIE, LOTNICTWO, INŻYNIERIA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA A.K. Hussein, S. Zeman, M. Suceska, M. Jungova 24 This influence connects with hydroxi-radical in the mixture under its initiation (as the first intermediate of this initiation reaction).
Introduction/Objective: The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab (BEV) in combination with capecitabin and irinotecan in first-line therapy of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) were studied. In order to improve safety and efficacy of chemotherapy, as well as to reduce adverse reactions to a minimum, doses of active agents applied were changed in relation to previously employed schedules. Methods: Patients with histologically documented mCRC who have not previously received chemotherapy or had received adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which ended 6 months before capecitabin treatment (1000 mg/m2 per os from 2nd to 8th day of each cycle), irinotecan (175 mg/m2 every 2 weeks), plus bevacizumab (5 mg/kg i.v. every 2 weeks) were observed. Results: The study, conducted as a prospective one included 35 patients of both sexes. Overall response rate (ORR) of 28.6%, partial response (PR) of 28.6%, progressive disease (PD) of 28.6% and stable disease (SD) of 42.8% were found. Progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients analyzed was 11.3 months (95% CL: 9.1 - 12.9) while overall survival (OS) of the patients included was 25.2 months (95% CL: 17.4 - 28.4 months) and 117 adverse effects were recorded in 24 patients. Alopecia, nausea and vomiting, hemorrhage, hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, abdominal pain, proteinuria, and hypertension (51.4%, 37.1%, 37.1%, 25.7%, 22.8%, 20.0%, 20.0% and 17.1%, respectively) were most frequently observed adverse effects. Conclusion(s): The results of this clinical trial support and recommend the use of bevacizumab plus capecitabin and irinotecan in the doses and schedule applied throughout this study as first-line treatment of mCRC patients.
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