This paper presents and analyzes the applicability of three linearization techniques used for solving multi-objective linear fractional programming problems using the goal programming method. The three linearization techniques are: (1) Taylor’s polyno-mial linearization approximation, (2) the method of variable change, and (3) a modification of the method of variable change proposed in [20]. All three linearization techniques are presented and analyzed in two variants: (a) using the optimal value of the objective functions as the decision makers’ aspirations, and (b) the decision makers’ aspirations are given by the decision makers. As the criteria for the analysis we use the efficiency of the obtained solutions and the difficulties the analyst comes upon in preparing the linearization models. To analyze the applicability of the linearization techniques incorporated in the linear goal programming method we use an example of a financial structure optimization problem.

s from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016 Rome, Italy. 13–15 October 2016 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. ORAL ABSTRACT SESSION 1: Food allergens • Anaphylaxis OP01 Fatal anaphylaxis is decreasing in France: analysis of national data, 1979–2011 Guillaume Pouessel, Claire Claverie, Julien Labreuche, Jean‐Marie Renaudin, Aimée Dorkenoo, Mireille Eb, Anne Moneret‐Vautrin, Antoine Deschildre, Stephane Leteurtre Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Roubaix, France; Division of Pulmonology and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Children’s Hospital, Lille, France; Allergy Vigilance Network, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; Université Lille 2, CHU Lille, EA 2694 ‐ Santé Publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins, Lille, France; Biostatistic Unit, Maison Régionale de la Recherche Clinique, CHRU Lille, Lille, France; Department of Allergology, Emile Durkheim Hospital, Epi‐ nal, France; Centre d’Epidémiologie sur les Causes Médicales de Décès INSERM, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre, France Correspondence: Guillaume Pouessel ‐ guillaume.pouessel@gmail.com Clinical and Translational Allergy 2017, 7(Suppl 1):OP0

The paper analyzes the memory usage and consumption of processor time when the user interacts with the application. We have analyzed the workload of the processor depending on the number of loaded data for different technologies of transfer (AMF, JSON or XML) from the server to the client. Apart from that, we have analyzed the occupation of memory depending on the number of loaded data and instantiated objects, the percentage of availability of memory that the class instances occupy. The change in the memory occupation is displayed graphically and numerically

Forest resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina present rich sites of various non-wood forest products. In the concept of sustainable use of forest resources and assurance the economic, environmental and social effects, non-wood forest products have great importance, especially in the strategic commitments of rural development. However, information on the potentials of non-wood forest products in Bosnia and Herzegovina is very scant, whereas institutional and procedural framework relevant to this sector is underdeveloped. In this paper value chain analysis of non-wood forest products in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been carried out in order to identify the participants in the value chain, their mutual relations, and the analysis of organizational and institutional issues that affect the economic aspects of certain stages of the value chain. Survey method was used for primary data collection in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the relevant information from participants in the chain of non-wood forest products has been obtained. The study included a sample of 156 collectors, who had continuity in the collection and delivery, and 18 companies engaged in purchasing, processing and distribution, which have agreed to participate in the research. For data processing and interpretation of the results classical methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and comparison, and statistical methods of trend analysis were used. Technique of SWOT analysis was used in order to identify the positive and negative factors, as the basis for defining the strategic direction of non-wood forest products sector development. The obtained results indicate on the presence of numerous problems in the value chain. The share of individual groups of non-wood forest products in the analyzed period is: 50% of berries, 40% of medicinal and aromatic plants and 10% of mushrooms. The average annual growth rate of purchased and processed amounts of medicinal and aromatic plants was 17%, 28% of forest berries, and

Gene tree/species tree reconciliation is a recent decisive progress in phylogenetic methods, accounting for the possible differences between gene histories and species histories. Reconciliation consists in explaining these differences by gene-scale events such as duplication, loss, transfer, which translates mathematically into a mapping between gene tree nodes and species tree nodes or branches. Gene conversion is a frequent and important evolutionary event, which results in the replacement of a gene by a copy of another from the same species and in the same gene tree. Including this event in reconciliation models has never been attempted because it introduces a dependency between lineages, and standard algorithms based on dynamic programming become ineffective. We propose here a novel mathematical framework including gene conversion as an evolutionary event in gene tree/species tree reconciliation. We describe a randomized algorithm that finds, in polynomial running time, a reconciliation minimizing the number of duplications, losses and conversions in the case when their weights are equal. We show that the space of optimal reconciliations includes an analog of the last common ancestor reconciliation, but is not limited to it. Our algorithm outputs any optimal reconciliation with a non-null probability. We argue that this study opens a research avenue on including gene conversion in reconciliation, and discuss its possible importance in biology.

A stable, transparent financial system inspires confidence among investors and supports the overall economic growth. Inflexible regulation tends to slow down economic progress, making countries less attractive to investors. Economies with bank-oriented financial systems tend to be less attractive to investors, so their long-term goal is to demonstrate flexibility through liberalization, attracting new investors and ensuring survival in highly competitive and unforgiving global conditions. Liberalization success is even more essential for developing countries and their efforts to open the borders for capital flows and attract new investments. While financial liberalization affects all sectors of the economy and directly influences growth, it does not guaranty it. The removal of financial restrictions could affect capital distribution, increase volatility, create challenges for banks, etc. To support the liberalization efforts, it is very important to understand the nature of banking business, criticality of transparent and effective regulatory framework, as well as the expectations of potential investors. The main goal of this paper is to discuss the process of financial liberalization in developing countries and motivate the policy makers to consider available lessons when creating their balanced approach to financial (de)regulation processes towards financial development and integration in the global financial landscape.

The objective of this study was to investigate independent risk factors (RFs) connected with healthcare-associated (HA) Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in surgical patients, its frequency per surgical wards and in-hospital-mortality at a single hospital. Risk factors for the infection were prospectively assessed among surgical patients with laboratory confirmed HA CDI and compared with a control group without HA CDI. The overall incidence rate of HA CDI was 2.6 per 10000 patient-days. Significant independent RFs for HA CDI were the use of carbapenems (P = 0.007, OR: 10.62, 95% CI: 1.93–58.4), the admission to intensive care unit (P = 0.004, OR:3.00, 95% CI:1.41–6.40), and the administration of 3rd generation cephalosporins (P = 0.014, OR:2.27, 95% CI:1.18–4.39). Patients with HA CDI had significantly higher in–hospital mortality compared to controls (P: 0.007; OR: 8.95; 95% CI: 1.84–43.43). CDI is an important HA infection in population of surgical patients and this study emphasizes the importance of the wise use of antibiotics, and other infection control strategies in order to prevent HA CDI, and to decrease the incidence and in-hospital mortality rate.