Introduction Insulin therapy of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is highly demanding due to their dynamic growth, development and different daily life activities. Goal To determine the optimal insulin delivery method for the prevention of hypoglycemia recorded by continuous monitoring of glucose in patients with insulin pump and PEN. Material and Methods The study included patients up to 18 years of age with diagnosed T1DM and treated with insulin pump and by insulin therapy with PEN at the Pediatric Clinic of the Clinical Center in Sarajevo. The study involved 149 patients, and lasted for 3 years. Patients were divided into two groups: group of patients on insulin pump therapy and group on insulin PEN. Results There were 73 patients (49.6%) on insulin pump therapy and 79 patients (52.4%) on the insulin PEN therapy. There was no significant difference in the age between genders nor groups with different insulin application methods. There were no significant differences in the number of anamnestic hypoglycemia in patients with a different mode of insulin application (83.56% vs. 81.58%, p=0.114, F=2.533 < Fk=3.919). The number of hypoglycemia episodes in history is higher with the PEN therapy than in the insulin pump group. Conclusion The number of anamnesis hypoglycemia as well as hypoglycemia from CGM records did not differ significantly in patients with IP and PEN therapy. The CGM record was significantly more valuable in the presentation of hypoglycemia compared to the history of hypoglycemia in all patients studied. Continuous monitoring of glycemia due to the ability to show glycemia variability and unrecognized hypoglycemia as well as predictive options for long-term metabolic control should be performed for all T1DM patients at least once a year.

UDK: 547.56:582.728.4 Phenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity from Viscum album ssp. album Beck. leaves and twigs extracts were determined. Common mistletoe was collected from four hosts (Crataegus monogyna, Malus domestica, Prunus cerasifera, and Populus x canadensis.). Folin-Ciocalteu method, AlCl3 method, method with Arnow reagent, and acid-butanol assay were applied for determination of total phenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and proanthocyanidins respectively. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods were applied in the determination of antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Total phenols were in the range 7.16-11.70 mg GAE/g DW, flavonoids 2.115-4.668 mg RE/g DW, phenolic acids 0.811-1.789 mg caffeic CAE/g DW, and proanthocyanidins 0.71-2.62 mg LCE/g DW. Content of phenols and flavonoids was higher in the leaves than the twigs. The highest antioxidant capacity in leaves (50.86-65.93 µmol Trolox equivalents/g DW) was determined for mistletoe collected from Crataegus monogyna while the highest capacity in twigs had mistletoe collected from Malus domestica (67.28-81.72 µmol Trolox equivalents/g DW). Also, high correlation has been noticed between total phenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity for V. album leaves. For twigs, high correlation was obtained between phenols and antioxidant capacity, and in some moderate extends for proanthocyanidins.  

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pinealectomy and melatonin treatment on the rat thymus gland characteristics, taking into consideration possible gender differences. Materials and methods Thirty adult Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into three groups. Group C and group PX served as control groups and included sham-pinealectomized and pinealectomized animals that were treated with 10% ethanol solution (0,1ml/daily, subcutaneous). Animals from third group (group PXM) underwent pinealectomy and seven days after surgery started receiving melatonin dissolved in 10% ethanol solution (3mg/kg/daily, subcutaneous). All animals were treated for 4 weeks. Results Volume density of the thymus cortex showed statistically significant (p<0,05) decrease while the volume density of the thymus medulla was increased in the pinealectomized compared to the sham-pinealectomized female rats. Numerical density of macrophages as well as the distribution of blood vessels showed no gender differences. The numerical density of lymphocytes was statistically significantly decreased in female in comparison to the male pinealectomized rats. Melatonin treatment was proved to cause reverse effects in the sense that the results from the melatonin treated group corresponded to the results obtained from the control group of animals. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the pinealectomy causes gender-related changes in the rat thymus. Short-term melatonin treatment showed reverse effect, equally in both sexes.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice and its prevalence increases with age. Patients who develop AF also have cardiovascular risk factors, structural heart disease, and comorbidities, all of which can increase mortality. AF causes a significant economic burden with the increasing trend in AF prevalence and hospitalizations. Research Objectives: The objective of our study is to evaluate the impact of the most common known risk factors on the incidence of atrial fibrillation as an important precursor of cardiac and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality among our patients in Bosnia and Herzegovina during median follow up period (September 2006 - September 2016). The other objective is to estimate the CHA2DS2-VASc score among our patients based on clinical parameters. Patients and methods: This study includes 2352 ambulant and hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation. All patients underwent clinical evaluation which includes thorough assessment for potential risk factors and concomitant conditions in order to determine which of them represent the most common among examinees with atrial fibrillation. Results: The results show that male gender has slightly more incidence of AF. Obesity and overweight with BMI ≥ 27, cigarettes smoking and sedentary life style are almost present in patients with AF. Arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal dysfunction, structural and valvular heart disease and peripheral vascular disease are the most common comorbidities among our patients. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.2±1.4 and the mean HAS-BLED score was 2.1±1.2. Conclusion: Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disorder. The study shows that obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking cigarettes and dyslipidemia can be considered as triggers and predisposing factors for appearance of AF. Arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, Peripheral vascular disease and chronic kidney disease are playing important role in developing of AF.

The authors presents their perspectives on the relationship between antipsychiatry and the stigma of mental illness. The present paper aims to provide a short review of the basic principles of the antipsychiatric movement, and to discuss the atitudes of its most important theorists. The authors searched recent literature, as well as drawing upon some of the basic antipsychiatric texts. Antipsychiatry dates from 18th century, and as an international movement it emerged during the 1960s as part of the historic tumult of the period rather than as a result of the evolution of scientific ideas. During that period psychiatrists began to see heredity as the cause of mental illness, became pessimistic about restoring patients to sanity, and adopted essentially a custodial approach to care that included use of physical restraints. Radical attitudes of antipsychiatry gave a significant incentive to review psychiatric theory and practice, especially with protecting the rights of mental patients and giving importance not only to somatic, but mental, social and spiritual sides of human existence. But, at the same time, they led to unwarranted attacks on psychiatry as a medical discipline, encouraged different views of its stigmatization and in a certain measure affected the weakening of social awareness about the importance of medical and institutional care for the mentally ill persons. After the 1970s, the antipsychiatry movement became increasingly less influential, due in particular to the rejection of its politicized and reductionistic understanding of psychiatry.

Abstract Development of noble metal-free catalysts for hydrogen production is one of the cores of the sustainable energy economy. Here we present results of systematic analysis of catalytic activity of Ni-Mo alloy powders in alkaline media towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Catalysts were prepared in a wide concentration range (from Ni0.2Mo0.8 to Ni0.9Mo0.1), and resulted with a volcano shaped activity-composition relationship, with maximum catalytic activity achieved for the powder with nominal composition Ni0.6Mo0.4. Improved HER activity is ascribed to reduced deactivation by hydride formation and adequate hydrogen-surface energetics on Ni-Mo catalysts. In the second part, we demonstrate a novel method for electrochemical formation of NiMo@rGO composites. Prepared composite electrodes show improved electrocatalytic activity compared to both pure Ni and Ni@rGO electrodes. Activity was observed to depend on the deposition time and is contributed by two factors: (i) formation of Ni-Mo system and (ii) formation of an interfacial region with rGO. We expect that the provided activity-composition relationship in combination with novel electrochemical NiMo-rGO composite formation procedure will provide a route for the development of new highly efficient noble metal-free HER electrocatalysts.

Stigma and recovery "from" and "in" mental illness are associated in many various ways. While recovery gives opportunities, makes person stronger, gives purpose and meaning to their lives and leads to social inclusion, in the same time stigma reduces opportunities, reduces self-esteem and self-efficacy, reduces the belief in own abilities and contributes to social exclusion through discrimination. The recovery of a person with mental illness means to get and keep hope, to understand their own possibilities and impossibilities, active living, to be autonomous, to have a social identity and to give meaning and purpose of our own lives. The care system, recovery-oriented, provides help and support to people with mental disorders in his/her recovery, which contributes to reduction of self-stigma, to the elimination of stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs in mental health services which consequently may have a positive reflection in reducing the stigma of mental illness in the community. It is important to look at the stigma and recovery from the perspective of individual experience of each person with a mental illness in the process of recovery. A support to the recovery concept and the development of a recovery-oriented system of care should be one of the key segments of any strategy to combat the stigma of mental illness. Also, the cultural and the social stigma aspects of stigma would be taken into account in the developing of the recovery concept and on the recovery-oriented care system.

John Bryden (1932-2012) was Public health consultant in Glasgow. Scotland. John Bryden graduated in medicine at Glasgow University in 1956 and after completing his national service worked in orthopedics and became a GP covering Mosspark and Govan. An early interest in optical character recognition and computer programming led to a three-year fellowship in administrative medicine and a diploma in Social medicine from Edinburgh University. In his final year he was on the commissioning team for Woodside Health Center and set up its computerized patient index, improving preventive medicine.

Materia Socio-Medica (Mater Sociomed) is peer review journal with open access, which publishes original research papers, reviews, viewpoints, news notes, letters and other items on topics related to public health, epidemiology, social medicine and health care organization, health management & economics. From the year 2009 plagiarism check of manuscripts was introduced and the journal has been published as an official journal of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia & Herzegovina.