Modern economy, in first order Retail sector, are introducing new and modern technologies which improve sales, communication with customers as well as marketing decision process. Retail sector is more and more oriented to technologies which improve not just communication with possible customers but also information gathering for better decision making process. Among those technologies special place is given to Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) technologies, specialized technologies which are used for locating the people and objects but also their movement as well as for communication with clients in the store. These technologies follows customers in the store, follow their movement across, communicate with them about offers and promotions but also are base for predictive marketing of retail sector which has a goal to achieve „offer to customers what they look for and what they really need“. These technologies are in limited usage in Banja Luka area but potential for their use is present. There is no enough demand from retails industry but having in mind that these technologies are raising in modern economies as well as predictions and trends it is to be expected that those technologies will be implemented in retail sector in this region too.

As many as 40–50% of all patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) die from reasons related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The severity of the illness is directly connected to higher mortality caused by cardiovascular factors, with the cause of the CKD not as significant for the relationship. This risk of high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity is actually so high that it surpasses the risk of the patients reaching end-stage renal disease. Within the context of CKD, CVD has certain distinct characteristics. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is commonly used as a predictor of cardiovascular (CV) mortality. The striking cardiac interstitial fibrosis, a crucial part of uremic cardiomyopathy, and nonobstructive vascular diseases are highly prevalent CV pathology in CKD patients. Traditional risk factors appear to be of less importance in the CKD population compared to the general population but have been hypothesized as uremic toxins as a risk factor of cardiorenal syndrome. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of renal function in the pathophysiology of heart failure. We also elaborate on the novel under- standing of chronic kidney disease and its role in cardiovascular disease progression. (BNP) in its inactive fragment N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) prognostic in patients and NT-proBNP useful overall in of and ventricular and can be used in guiding the of failure in that NT-proBNP role in stratification

Aim To analyse frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation in patients on therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and relevant factors that influence the rate of COPD exacerbations in a subgroup of moderate illness, like FEV1, comorbidities and other concomitant therapy. Methods The study included patients with moderate COPD with at least 10 pack-years history of smoking and accompanying cardiovascular comorbidity. Demographic data, frequency of exacerbations and information about proscribed treatments - ICS alone or in combination with long acting beta agonist (LABA), were collected from medical records for the previous 12 months from the index date. Results Data were collected for 210 patients (170 males) with the mean age 65.63±8.66 years, 72 of which were treated with a fixed combination of long acting beta blocker (LABA) and ICS. Significantly more frequent exacerbations were detected in patients using ICS p<0.0001) and having higher Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) score p=0.004). No statistically significant difference was registered related to ratio of FEV1 /FVC (p=0.121) or a number of cardiovascular comorbidities per patient (p=0.969). CONCLUSIONS Our results present a small contribution to the current scientific discussion about the use of ICS in COPD treatment. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the impact of ICS on the frequency of COPD exacerbations.

The article analyses and compares two main concepts in the field of civic education: education for democratic citizenship (EDC), prevailing in European discourse, and global citizenship education (GCE), dominant in international organisations like UNESCO. The concepts and their content are presented and analysed, and the need for the shift to the GCE is illustrated by some global tendencies and serious challenges of the global world. The responsibility to include GCE into the European concept of civic education is pointed out, as well as the challenges GCE is facing within the policy and implementation of the global agenda, SDG 4 and Education 2030.

Introduction: Changes in lifestyle can significantly affect the management of good glycemic control and target values of blood pressure and lipids. Objective: To determine the achievement of target values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure and lipids, in participants with type 2 diabetes, who used a proper diet and controlled physical activity. Method: The study was a prospective study, conducted on participants with type 2 diabetes, from 01 October 2012 until 31 October 2013, at the Primary Health Center Banja Luka, by 60 family medicine teams. At the beginning of the study, all participants had individual counseling on lifestyle changes, eating habits, and regulation of body weight. Results: The study included 591 participants with the type 2 diabetes. At the beginning of the study, 49.92% of participants adhered to the proper diet, and at the end 76.65% of them (p<0.001). Targeted value of HbA1c ≤ 6.5% was registered in 61.70% participants at the beginning of the study and at the end of the study in 86.62% participants (p <0.001); the target value of blood pressure (≤130/80 mmHg) was registered in 56.21% at the beginning, and at the end in 79.91% (p<0.002). Targeted value of total cholesterol was registered in 59.61% at the beginning of the study, and at the end of the study in 81.91% subjects (p <0.003). Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes individual counseling about lifestyle changes helps to attain optimal values of HbA1c, blood pressure, and serum lipid levels.

Introduction. The number of people over 65 is increasing in the world, and falls are rather common among them. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of depression, dementia, the number of chronic diseases and the number of used medications in the risk of falls in the elderly. Material and Methods. We carried out a prospective study during the period from March 20 to May 20, 2016. The patients were interviewed, and data were also obtained from medical records. The data collection included a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Tinetti Gait and Balance Instrument, Beck Depression Inventory and the Folstein Mini-Mental State test to assess cognitive functions. Results. The study included 208 patients older than 65 years, 81 men, 127 women. The Tinetti Gait and Balance tool revealed that onethird (63) of patients were at a high risk of falls, 35 patients at a moderate risk, and 110 patients presented with a low risk of falls. The results of our study showed a statistically significant association between dementia (p = 0.000) and depression (p = 0.000) as the risks of falling. Patients with some chronic diseases and patients continuously taking various drugs were also at higher risk of falls. Conclusion. Timely detection and treatment of depression and dementia may contribute to reducing the risk of falls in the elderly. Patients' medication lists should be reviewed to decrease the number of medications or modify the dose. Family physicians play a major role in preventing falls in the elderly.

Introduction: The aim of this paper is to present the marketing strategy and the application of management (marketing management) and advertising in order to increase the efficiency of innovative approach in clinical trials that include and involve the use of new technologies and transfer of technologies. Material and Methods: This paper has a descriptive character and represents a narrative review of the literature and new model implementation. Results: Marketing models are primarily used to improve the inclusion of a larger (and appropriate) number of patients, but they can be credited for the stay and monitoring of patients in the trial. Regulatory mechanisms play an important role in the application of various marketing strategies within clinical trials. The value for the patient as the most important stakeholder is defined in the field of clinical trials according to Kotler’s value model for the consumer. Conclusion: In order to achieve the best results it is important to adequately examine all the elements of clinical trials and apply this knowledge in creation of a marketing plan that will be made in accordance with the legal regulations defined globally and locally. In this paper, two challenges have been highlighted for the adequate application of marketing tools in the field of clinical trials, namely: defining business elements in order to provide an adequate marketing approach for clinical trials and technology transfer and ensuring uniformity and regulatory affirmation of marketing attitudes in clinical trials in all regions in which they are carried out in accordance with ICH-GCP and valid regulations.

Due to inconsistent results of APOE variants in the survival of pregnancy we investigated the potential relationship of APOE rs7412 and rs429358 with pregnancy loss (PL) in Bosnian women. We enrolled 154 women with PL. The minimum week of miscarriage was 6, while the maximum was 28. As a control group, an equal number of mothers with at least one live-born child was included. All women were recruited from the Institution of Health Protection of Women and Motherhood in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Genotyping was performed by real- time PCR at the Department of General Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University. The prevalence of genotypes E2/E3, E2/E4, E3/E3, E3/E4, E4/E4 in the group with and without PL were: 14.3 %, 1.3 %, 70.8 %, 12.3 %, 1.3 %, and 13.6 %, 1.3 %, 70.1 %, 14.3 %, 0.7 %, respectively. The frequency of the E4/E4 genotype in women with 1-2 and 3-4 PL compared to women without PL did not differ significantly between those three groups (P value = 0.0712). The frequencies of alleles ԑ2, ԑ3, ԑ4 in the group with and without PL were: 6.8 %, 85.1 %, 8.1 % and 7.5 %, 84.1 %, 8.4 %, respectively, and did not differ significantly. We conclude that our study does not confirm rs7412 and rs429358 as a potential risk factor for PL in the studied group. To elucidate the relationship between PL and variants of the APOE gene, studies with a larger sample size and placental histomorphology and genetic diagnosis are required.