Despite its severe consequences, gambling disorder is under-researched and under-funded especially among African Americans (AA). We had the opportunity to evaluate gambling among a community sample of AA gamblers and to assess whether gambling impacts their interest in, willingness to participate in, navigation to, and enrollment in health studies. AA recruited into the HealthStreet community engagement program between 2014 and 2017 (n=2,661) were asked by Community Health Workers about their gambling behaviors and for which types of research studies they would volunteer. Chi-square tests and t-tests were calculated by gambling status for demographics, perceptions of research, navigation to and enrollment in health research. About 34% of the sample (n=911) endorsed lifetime gambling. Compared to AA non-gamblers, AA gamblers were more “definitely interested” in participating in research, more willing to volunteer for three types of studies, and did not require additional remuneration to be enrolled in a study. Though AA gamblers are more willing to participate, they are less likely to be enrolled into health research than AA non-gamblers. This suggests that AA gamblers face increased barriers to enrollment and that researchers may not be using the right avenues to approach and enroll AA gamblers in health research. African American gamblers: are they willing to participate in health research? Amy L Elliott*, Nathan D L Smith, Catherine W Striley, Mirsada Serdarevic and Linda B Cottler Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA *Correspondence to: Amy L. Elliott, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610, Tel: (352) 273-5468; E-mail: amy.elliott@ufl.edu

Introduction: Obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and fatty liver (FL) related to modern lifestyle are getting epidemic characteristics and present the most important world public health problem. Obesity, FL and IR are basic parts of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is caused by excessive consumption of high-calorie food, chronic stress and unhealthy eating behavior. Current research shows that the digestive system with close realationship with brain has central role for keeping entire health and plays a fundamental role in pathogenesis of insulin resistance and fatty liver, but and many other diseases. Aim of the work: The aim of the paper is to evaluate and summarize new knowledge about relationship between the digestive system and the brain and how disregulation of interaction among them and eating behavior can influence on development IR and FL. Next aim of the work is to find evidence of positive effect of implementation new recommendations for healthy eating behavior, the current dietary and physical activity guidelines on prevention insulin resistence and fatty liver. Results: Current science has shown that food, eating habits and digestive system-brain relationship have a strong and decisive influence on patogenesis insulin resistance and fatty liver. Choosing healthy personal diet and healthy eating habits with a healthy lifestyle gives the opportunity to prevent insulin resistence and fatty liver, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and many other diseases Conclusion: Better understanding of new key mechanisms of development insulin resistance and fatty liver lead to the development new therapeutic dietary and nutritional approaches. IR an FL have asymptomatic clinical course, so primary prevention and screening in early childhood are the best way to prevent the beginning and expansion of diseases. Current treatment needs to be based on the principles of personal medicine and focused on healthy lifestyles including nutrition and physical activity.

The paper presents the research of the current state of the presence and activities of higher education institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) on social network sites (SNS). Although higher education institutions in BiH have recognized the necessity of using social networks for communications with their stakeholders, especially students, they still struggle with the content posted on SNS and its frequency. The authors use content analysis to examine SNS posts from BiH higher education institutions and engagement from their constituents on these posts. Results show that there are significant differences in engagement received on posts across institution type and according to content and type of posts. The aim of the paper is to analyze if HEIs in BiH use SNS and to what degree, as well as if there is any difference between public and private institutions related to the usage of SNS.