The most frequent disease of the arteries is atherosclerosis which is characterized by lumen reduction of blood vessels due to local thickening of internal blood vessels caused by plaque/atheroma. As a cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis is an interdisciplinary problem and one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. It begins in childhood, goes a long time without manifesting symptoms, increasing with age it begins to seriously threaten health. The most dangerous risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic disease are: Hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, high fibrinogen, excessive weight and physical inactivity.

This paper presents a new approach to exploring bauxite deposits from underground mining works in the bauxitebearing mines of Bešpelj near Jajce in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the area under consideration, bauxite deposits have been investigated and exploited for over 60 years. Despite the high degree of exploration in the geologically complicated structures of Bešpelj, there are numerous unexplored reserves. Up to now, they have been mainly investigated by drilling from the surface into the borehole network as dictated by legal geological regulations. Due to the increase in depths on which deposits are located and complex structural relationships, such research has become more expensive and less effective. From a geological point of view, the bauxite deposits have developed in the horizontal position. However, longlasting geological evolution from the Upper Cretaceous to the present, has brought deposits in very di erent structural positions. That is why we nd them in an inclined position, in subvertical and vertical, and often in an overturned position. For further research to become rational and e cient, a new approach of study from underground mining works was developed that will serve for study and then for the exploitation of bauxite deposits.

SUMMARYIntroduction/Objective Subtrochanteric fractures are unstable, tending to a varus, antecurvatum, and shortening deformity. The aim of this paper was to compare operation time and fluoroscopy time between different internal fixation methods in the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures. Method The prospective study of the group of 27 patients with a subtrochanteric fracture treated by the SIF (selfdynamisable internal fixator with a trochanteric unit) method had been done. Operation time and fluoroscopy time values from this group were compared to the same parameters data from the literature for intramedullary (IM) nails, proximal femur locking plates (PF-LCP), dynamic condylar screws (DCS), and the 95°-angled blade plate. Results In the SIF group, operation time was 62.2 (25–140) minutes and fluoroscopy time was 43 (20–95) s. Average operation time from the literature data was: 102.1 (43–181) minutes for IM nail, 94.2 (75–129) minutes for PF-LCP, 105.3 (70–166) minutes for DCS and 221.5 (171–272) minutes for blade plate. Average fluoroscopy time from the literature data was: 109.6 (34–250) seconds for IM nail, 102.3 (47–180) seconds for PF-LCP, 238 seconds for DCS. Operation time and intraoperative fluoroscopy time were higher in IM nail, PF-LCP, DCS and blade plate comparing to SIF method (p < 0.05). Conclusion The above mentioned difference could be explained by a degree of required accuracy in the initial operative technique maneuvers, by used number of screws and by the type of the fracture reduction performance in different fixation methods. Operation time during IM nailing of subtrochanteric fractures sometimes can be shorter than average operation time in SIF method, what could be explained by the skill of the surgeon to perform as fast closed reduction for insertion of guide wire.