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Čitajući hroniku Idrīsa Bidlīsija na mnogim mjestima nalazimo zapise o aktivnostima špijuna kao o ele- mentu ratne strategije Osman- ske države, bilo kroz direktne ili indirektne reference. Ovaj čla- nak filološkim metodama istražuje zapise o obavještajnim aktivnosti- ma Osmanske države u imperijal- noj ekspanziji, koje nalazimo u di- nastijskoj hronici Idrīsa Bidlīsīja i njegovim izvještajima iz misije os- mansko-safavidskog sukoba. Di- nastijska hronika datirana do prve decenije 1500-tih, iako sa šturim podacima, vrijedan je historijski iz- vor koji daje sliku rada i doprinosa špijunskih mreža u vojnopolitičkoj strategiji osmanske imperijalne politike. Bidlīsījeva pisma kao izvještaji komplementarni su izvori Bidlīsījevoj hronici. Osmansko carstvo, osmanska vojna historija, obavještajne aktivnosti, hronika Hešt bihešt, pisma Idrīsa Bidlīsīja

Objectives Medical adhesives provide securement of medical devices, facilitate skin protection and allow non-invasive monitoring. Application and removal of medical adhesives can result in pain, dermatitis, trauma or other skin lesions. Understanding patients’ experiences when subjected to medical adhesives will contribute to the improvement of clinical routines and the development and improvement of new adhesive technologies. A qualitative systematic review was conducted to identify patients’ experiences with the application of medical adhesives to the skin. Design Qualitative systematic review. Data sources CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were systematically searched for records published between January 2012 and March 2024. Reference lists of systematic reviews and included articles were reviewed. Eligibility criteria Studies published in Danish, Dutch, English, German, Norwegian and Swedish that collected qualitative data on the experience of patients with the application of medical adhesives to the skin were considered. There were no restrictions regarding age, gender or setting. Data extraction and synthesis Study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal were independently conducted by two reviewers. The methodological quality of the studies under consideration was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Qualitative Research. The extracted data were synthesised using meta-aggregation. Results Nine studies describing patients’ experiences were included. The included studies only reflected experiences with wound dressings. Meta-aggregation of the extracted findings resulted in seven categories that were further synthesised into two synthesised findings: ‘strategies to alleviate pain during dressing changes’ and ‘dressing construction and characteristics’. The synthesised findings illustrate that patients experience pain during dressing change and removal and employ various strategies to alleviate this pain. Conclusions Patients experience pain and discomfort when dressings are changed or removed. Future research should focus on enhancing both routines and technologies, with a particular emphasis on advancing skin-friendly adhesives to reduce unwanted side effects. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023457711.

With the emergence of new sensor technologies, such as fiber optic sensors (FOSs), compared to traditional mechanical sensors, unobtrusive sleep monitoring has been a research focus for decades. This work aims to provide a guide to current bed-based sensor technologies with diverse applications in various settings. We conducted a retrospective literature review, summarizing the state-of-the-art research over the past decade on non-contact bed-based sensor technology in sleep monitoring. We developed a three-category terminology: unobtrusive sensor technology, application, and subject. A total of 263 unique articles were acquired from three databases and screened for relevance, resulting in 21 papers selected for in-depth analysis. The findings revealed eight types of sensors: six mechanical sensors (pressure, accelerometer, piezoelectric, load cell, electromechanical film (EMFI), and hydraulic) and two FOSs (fiber Bragg grating and microbend FOS) that are integrated with or positioned under the bed at three levels of unobtrusiveness. We identified 15 parameters, with heart rate (HR) (14) and respiratory rate (RR) (13) being the most frequently measured. These parameters are generally categorized into three applications: disease-related diagnosis (18), general sleep analysis (9), and general well-being (11). The results indicated that sleep apnea (5) and insomnia (2) were the most frequently detected sleep disorders. Additionally, 59.1% (13) of the systems were tested in a lab environment, with only one undergoing clinical trials. In summary, there is a clear lack of convincing proof of the systems’ effectiveness in continuous in-home sleep monitoring.

The aim of the present study was to determine the metabolic profile of Holstein-Friesian cows in the postpartum period, as well as the effect of season on metabolic profile. The postpartum period is essential in the reproductive life of high yielding dairy cows because of its impact on future gravidity. This study included 60 cows up to 15 days after parturition, aged 2-8 years (the largest number of cows was between 3 and 5 years old) with no apparent clinical problems. Cows were sampled in summer season (n=30) and winter season (n=30). Parameters of metabolic profile were determined as follows: glucose, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Statistical differences were considered significant at the p<0.05. Present research showed that all investigated parameters were within a reference range for cattle. Impact of season sampling was determined for glucose, albumin, total protein, cholesterol and phosphorus, while bilirubin, calcium, magnesium, urea as well as activities of ALT, AST and LDH were unaffected by the season of sampling. In conclusion, metabolic status is affected by the season and examination during the postpartum period can provide valuable information of cows' health status, in order to diagnose and moreover prevent postpartum diseases.

Soccer coaches, although not prominently featured in the foreground, are essential to the outcomes of the sport. They are key figures between athletes and organizational goals. Choosing, retaining, and developing the greatest athletes is the cornerstone to a successful coaching career. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire that was determine the characteristic soccer coaching styles. A experimental study involved the participation of 207 soccer coaches (B, A and PRO UEFA coaching license). The questionnaire comprises 14 themes and consists of 65 items designed to evaluate soccer coaching styles, developed from the updated Leadership Scale for Sport. The validation of the developed instrument in this empirical study was conducted using two procedures: (1) factor analysis (PCA with oblique rotation) and (2) an internal consistency assessment (Scale Reliability Analysis – Cronbach's Alpha). Nineteen significant factors were extracted, and they are as follows: Player contribution to the game system; Cooperation/ Opinions; Implementation of coach's requirements; Teaching; Motivation; Conflict resolution; Informations; Sanction; Expressing an opinion; Error correction at own discretion; Highlighting the good and bad sides of players; Instructions; Team goal setting; Highlighting positivism/ negativism; The coach's personal expectations; Team solutions; Strategy creation; Social support; The influence of the team on coaching decision-making. By analyzing the data, it was determined that “B” football coaches are characterized by the coaching style "positive feedback", “A” soccer coaches by the "training and instructor" and "positive feedback" styles, while “PRO” coaches are characterized by the "positive feedback" style and a slightly lower frequency by the "training and instructor" style. Using only one coaching/leadership style is certainly a limiting factor, as different situations require different coaching approaches.

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