The ongoing shrinkage in the size of two-dimensional (2D) electronic circuitry results in high power densities during device operation, which could cause a significant temperature rise within 2D channels. One challenge in Raman thermometry of 2D materials is that the commonly used high-frequency modes do not precisely represent the temperature rise in some 2D materials because of peak broadening and intensity weakening at elevated temperatures. In this work, we show that a low-frequency E2g2 shear mode can be used to accurately extract temperature and measure thermal boundary conductance (TBC) in back-gated tungsten diselenide (WSe2) field-effect transistors, whereas the high-frequency peaks (E2g1 and A1g) fail to provide reliable thermal information. Our calculations indicate that the broadening of high-frequency Raman-active modes is primarily driven by anharmonic decay into pairs of longitudinal acoustic phonons, resulting in a weak coupling with out-of-plane flexural acoustic phonons that are responsible for the heat transfer to the substrate. We found that the TBC at the interface of WSe2 and Si/SiO2 substrate is ∼16 MW/m2 K, depends on the number of WSe2 layers, and peaks for 3-4 layer stacks. Furthermore, the TBC to the substrate is the highest from the layers closest to it, with each additional layer adding thermal resistance. We conclude that the location where heat dissipated in a multilayer stack is as important to device reliability as the total TBC.

When and how does the ultra-right-wing terrorism period close as their mean in politics with the goal of deterrence and the destruction of the capitalist order? Why does the “Arabian jihad” shift its priorities from the “close enemy” to the “far enemy”? Why did terrorist violence appear more often, in the last couple of decades, in the countries where Muslims are the majority, or why are the perpetrators, in terms of terrorist acts, mostly Muslims? These are the questions which are in the academic discussion centre and analysis of our paper. The paper identifies the causes and discusses the “us” and “them” polarization. The goal is to explain what is behind these paroles through the analysis of world’s authors: “War against terrorism”, “Unity of a nation”, and “The just war”. From a theoretical and empirical point of view, emphasizing of the Islamic component in terrorism is unfair at least. We used qualitative research methods, including the desk research, to obtain necessary data to give answers on our research questions.

A key aspect of the fifth-generation wireless communication network will be the integration of different services and technologies to provide seamless connectivity. In this paper, we consider using massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) to provide backhaul links to a dense deployment of self-backhauling (s-BH) small cells (SCs) that provide cellular access within the same spectrum resources of the backhaul. Through a comprehensive system-level simulation study, we evaluate the interplay between access and backhaul and the resulting end-to-end user rates. Moreover, we analyze the impact of different SCs deployment strategies, while varying the time resource allocation between radio access and backhaul links. We finally compare the above mMIMO-based s-BH approach to a mMIMO direct access (DA) architecture accounting for the effects of pilot reuse schemes, together with their associated overhead and contamination mitigation effects. The results show that dense SCs deployments supported by mMIMO s-BH provide significant rate improvements for cell-edge users (UEs) in ultra-dense deployments with respect to mMIMO DA, while the latter outperforms mMIMO s-BH from the median UEs' standpoint.

Long term evolution (LTE) is the fastest-deployed mobile broadband technology driven by demand for improved user experience. It has distinguished itself compared to other mobile broadband technologies in its ability to handle the growth of video traffic that has become an important part of user’s mobile broadband experience. Growing trend of video consumption implies that that media-related system influence factors (SIFs) should be identified and well-understood in order to determine how they affect the user’s quality of experience (QoE). Therefore, this paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of media-related SIFs and their impact on QoE for video streaming. Experimental study has included two phases, i.e., H.265/ high efficiency video coding (HEVC) coded video streaming emulation over LTE network and end-user survey for collecting mean opinion score (MOS). Results obtained from statistical analysis imply that there exists strong and statistically significant impact of individual media-related SIFs and their interaction on QoE for video streaming.

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been extensively studied for nearly two decades as one of the most promising candidates expected to power the high-bandwidth, high-coverage wireless networks of the future. However, consumer demand for such networks has only recently caught up, rendering efforts at optimizing WMNs to support high capacities and offer high QoS, while being secure and fault-tolerant, more important than ever. To this end, a recent trend has been the application of machine learning (ML) to solve various design and management tasks related to WMNs. In this work, key ML techniques are discussed and past efforts applying them in WMNs are analyzed, while noting some existing issues and suggesting potential solutions. Directions are provided on how ML could advance future research. Recent developments in the field are also examined.

This paper discusses technology challenges and opportunities to embrace artificial intelligence (AI) era in the design of wireless networks. We aim to provide readers with motivation and general methodology for adoption of AI in the context of next-generation networks. First, we discuss the rise of network intelligence and then, we introduce a brief overview of AI with machine learning (ML) and their relationship to self-organization designs. Finally, we discuss design of intelligent agent and it's functions to enable knowledge-driven wireless networks with AI.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate an ongoing outbreak of brucellosis in southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) on the epidemiological, clinical and molecular level. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 19 patients affected by brucellosis between 2015 and 2017, in Trebiševo (BIH). Out of 19 patients, 16 were admitted to and treated at the Department of Infectious diseases of the University Clinical Hospital Mostar, while three patients were treated in ambulatory care setting. Epidemiological, clinical and microbiological parameters were investigated. The Rose Bengal test (RBT) positive sera were serologically confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT). We also analyzed blood cultures, and isolates were additionally serotyped. Molecular analyses were performed with Bruce-ladder multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis of 16 loci (MLVA-16) assay. RESULTS Fifteen out of 19 patients had been professionally exposed to the bacterium, while four patients acquired brucellosis without prior contact with infected animals. In seven out of eight (87.5%) patients with localized form of brucellosis, we detected significantly higher values of C-reactive protein (CRP) or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P<0.001). B. melitensis was isolated from 13/16 (81.3%) blood culture samples, and additionally serotyped as biovar 3. Using MLVA16 assay, 11 isolates were genotyped. We observed complete genotype matches among 8/11 B. melitensis isolates, while 3/11 isolates differed in Bruce04 locus. CONCLUSION Overall, our study confirms the usefulness of MLVA-16 method in the epidemiological and molecular research of brucellosis during epidemic that, most likely, originated from the same source.

Phase-Shifting Transformers (PST) are installed in order to block or facilitate certain power flows. The installation of a single device affects power flows in a wider geographical area. Therefore, determining the optimal location for the Phase Shift transformer is of the utmost importance. Firstly, this paper presents summarizes the key factors for the installation of Phase Shift Transformers. Secondly, it give the prerequisites for the installation and finally, and thirdly it determines the deduced critical factors which have to be analyzed from the local (substation level), and global (system-wise) perspective. Given the necessity for regional approach when determining optimal PST location, this paper focuses on selected results of possibilities for active power flow control using PSTs in the South Eastern Europe (SEE) transmission grid. At the end, in the form a a power flow anaylsis, such an example is presented.

In this paper we aim to add additional knowledge regarding the occurrence, origin and epidemiological features of the English sweating sickness. The English sweating sickness raged in five devastating epidemics with mortality rates between 30 and 50% between 1485 and 1551 throughout England, and on one occasion also affected mainland Europe, in 1529. The Picardy sweat, generally considered as the English sweating sickness' lesser deadly successor, flared up in France in 1718 and caused 196 localized outbreaks with varying severity all over France and neighboring countries up to 1861. The English sweating sickness has been the subject of numerous attempts to define its origin, but so far all efforts have failed due to lack of material, DNA or RNA, that - using modern techniques and knowledge - could shed light on its cause. Although the time frame in which the English sweating sickness occurred and the geographical spread of the outbreaks is generally known, we will demonstrate here that there was more to it than meets the eye. We found reports of cases of sweating sickness in years before, after and between the 1485, 1508, 1517, 1529 and 1551 epidemics, as well as reports of sweating sickness in Italy and Spain. CONCLUSION In spite of the fact that the English sweating sickness apparently has not caused casualties for a more than a century now, we suggest that -given the right circumstances- the possibility of re-emergence might still exist. The fact that up until today we have no indication concerning the causal pathogen of the English sweating sickness is certainly not re-assuring.

Making a decision in everyday life always comes with uncertainty and responsibility. To reduce the risk to a minumum and in order to make a right decision a person can use methods of multicriteria analysis in combination in fuzzy logic. A married couple, representing decision makers in this case study, have purchased an apartment and it needs to be completely refurbished including outside carpentry. Aim of this study is to select the most suitable manufacturer of PVC carpentry for apartment refurbishing. A total pool of 14 quantitative and qualitative criteria is used as a base for selection of the most suitable of seven available manufacturers. For this case study we will use one of newer methods of multicriteria analysis of fuzzy Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (fuzzy EDAS) method. Having reached the results, an analysis of sensitivity has been conducted showing stability of results where manufacturer number 4 represents an optimal solution in 13 experimental sets out of 14 total. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.29.3.16818