The ongoing shrinkage in the size of two-dimensional (2D) electronic circuitry results in high power densities during device operation, which could cause a significant temperature rise within 2D channels. One challenge in Raman thermometry of 2D materials is that the commonly used high-frequency modes do not precisely represent the temperature rise in some 2D materials because of peak broadening and intensity weakening at elevated temperatures. In this work, we show that a low-frequency E2g2 shear mode can be used to accurately extract temperature and measure thermal boundary conductance (TBC) in back-gated tungsten diselenide (WSe2) field-effect transistors, whereas the high-frequency peaks (E2g1 and A1g) fail to provide reliable thermal information. Our calculations indicate that the broadening of high-frequency Raman-active modes is primarily driven by anharmonic decay into pairs of longitudinal acoustic phonons, resulting in a weak coupling with out-of-plane flexural acoustic phonons that are responsible for the heat transfer to the substrate. We found that the TBC at the interface of WSe2 and Si/SiO2 substrate is ∼16 MW/m2 K, depends on the number of WSe2 layers, and peaks for 3-4 layer stacks. Furthermore, the TBC to the substrate is the highest from the layers closest to it, with each additional layer adding thermal resistance. We conclude that the location where heat dissipated in a multilayer stack is as important to device reliability as the total TBC.

This paper discusses technology challenges and opportunities to embrace artificial intelligence (AI) era in the design of wireless networks. We aim to provide readers with motivation and general methodology for adoption of AI in the context of next-generation networks. First, we discuss the rise of network intelligence and then, we introduce a brief overview of AI with machine learning (ML) and their relationship to self-organization designs. Finally, we discuss design of intelligent agent and it's functions to enable knowledge-driven wireless networks with AI.

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been extensively studied for nearly two decades as one of the most promising candidates expected to power the high-bandwidth, high-coverage wireless networks of the future. However, consumer demand for such networks has only recently caught up, rendering efforts at optimizing WMNs to support high capacities and offer high QoS, while being secure and fault-tolerant, more important than ever. To this end, a recent trend has been the application of machine learning (ML) to solve various design and management tasks related to WMNs. In this work, key ML techniques are discussed and past efforts applying them in WMNs are analyzed, while noting some existing issues and suggesting potential solutions. Directions are provided on how ML could advance future research. Recent developments in the field are also examined.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate an ongoing outbreak of brucellosis in southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) on the epidemiological, clinical and molecular level. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 19 patients affected by brucellosis between 2015 and 2017, in Trebiševo (BIH). Out of 19 patients, 16 were admitted to and treated at the Department of Infectious diseases of the University Clinical Hospital Mostar, while three patients were treated in ambulatory care setting. Epidemiological, clinical and microbiological parameters were investigated. The Rose Bengal test (RBT) positive sera were serologically confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT). We also analyzed blood cultures, and isolates were additionally serotyped. Molecular analyses were performed with Bruce-ladder multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis of 16 loci (MLVA-16) assay. RESULTS Fifteen out of 19 patients had been professionally exposed to the bacterium, while four patients acquired brucellosis without prior contact with infected animals. In seven out of eight (87.5%) patients with localized form of brucellosis, we detected significantly higher values of C-reactive protein (CRP) or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P<0.001). B. melitensis was isolated from 13/16 (81.3%) blood culture samples, and additionally serotyped as biovar 3. Using MLVA16 assay, 11 isolates were genotyped. We observed complete genotype matches among 8/11 B. melitensis isolates, while 3/11 isolates differed in Bruce04 locus. CONCLUSION Overall, our study confirms the usefulness of MLVA-16 method in the epidemiological and molecular research of brucellosis during epidemic that, most likely, originated from the same source.

This paper presents the medical journals published in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) in the period from 1878 to 1945. The first medical journal in BIH may be deemed to be Jahrbuch des Bosnisch-Hercegowinischen Landesspittales in Sarajevo (The Yearbook of the National Hospital of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo). In a special part of this journal, doctors from Austro-Hungary serving in Sarajevo wrote scholarly articles about their patients' various ailments. Up to 1945 seven more medical journals were published in BIH: Trezvenost - Organ Jugoslavenskog Saveza Trezvenosti (Temperance - the Journal of the Yugoslav Temperance Society), Zdravlje - Lekarske pouke o zdravlju i bolesti (Health, Medical lessons on Health and Disease), Glasnik Lekarske komore za Bosnu, Hercegovinu, Dalmaciju i Crnu Goru (The Journal of the Chamber of Physicians of Bosnia, Herzegovina, Dalmatia and Montenegro), Glasnik Lekarske komore Vrbaske banovine (Journal of the Chamber of Physicians of Vrbaska banovina, Glasnik Lekarske komore Drinske banovine (Journal of the Chamber of Physicians of Drinska banovina), Vjesnik Zavoda za suzbijanje endemijskog sifilisa u Bosni i Hercegovini (Journal of the Institute for Combatting Endemic Syphilis in Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Časopis za medicinu i biologiju (Journal for Medicine and Biology). CONCLUSION Medical journals published in BIH in the period from 1878 to 1945 were published in times marked by specific political and social circumstances in BIH, in the time when BIH was not independent, and was under the influence of the health culture of the ruling regimes. Most of the authors of the articles published in these journals were citizens of the occupying authorities, although the papers published were mainly the result of research undertaken in BIH.

Earlier research has shown that students have tremendous difficulties with understanding certain aspects of rolling without slipping, such as the zero-velocity at the contact point and plausibility of application of the law of conservation of mechanical energy despite action of the friction force. The aim of this research was to explore whether using analogies and reasoning about extreme cases can facilitate conceptualization of the above-mentioned phenomena. A pre-test – post-test quasi-experiment has been conducted, with 93 students in the control group (CG) and 91 students in the experimental group (EG). Whereas control group students received conventional teaching, in the experimental group rolling of a cylinder has been considered as a special case of a tumbling prism for which the number of prism surfaces tended to infinity. The results of analysis of covariance showed that students from the experimental group significantly outperformed their peers from the control group on the Rolling Motion Concept Test (RMCT). Between-group differences were greater on test items that required higher level of cognitive transfer. This research suggests that using analogies and extreme case reasoning can facilitate comprehension of certain seemingly counterintuitive aspects of rolling motion. Keywords: analogy-based teaching, energy conservation, extreme case reasoning, misconceptions, rolling motion.

Ants are emerging model systems to study cellular signaling because distinct castes possess different physiologic phenotypes within the same colony. Here we studied the functionality of inotocin signaling, an insect ortholog of mammalian oxytocin (OT), which was recently discovered in ants. In Lasius ants, we determined that specialization within the colony, seasonal factors, and physiologic conditions down‐regulated the expression of the OT‐like signaling system. Given this natural variation, we interrogated its function using RNAi knockdowns. Next‐generation RNA sequencing of OT‐like precursor knock‐down ants highlighted its role in the regulation of genes involved in metabolism. Knock‐down ants exhibited higher walking activity and increased self‐grooming in the brood chamber. We propose that OT‐like signaling in ants is important for regulating metabolic processes and locomotion.—Liutkevičiūtė, Z., Gil‐Mansilla, E., Eder, T., Casillas‐Pérez, B., Di Giglio, M. G., Muratspahić, E., Grebien, F., Rattei, T., Muttenthaler, M., Cremer, S., Gruber, C. W. Oxytocin‐like signaling in ants influences metabolic gene expression and locomotor activity. FASEB J. 32, 6808–6821 (2018). www.fasebj.org

The paper presents an online two-phase business process model-driven generator of the conceptual database model. The generator is implemented as a web-based, platform-independent tool, in contrast to the existing tools that are dependent on some specific technological platform used for their implementation. Unlike the existing approaches, which are characterised by the direct synthesis of the target model based on business process models represented by a sole concrete notation such as BPMN, the presented generator uses an indirect two-phase approach, which is based on the introduction of a simple domain specific language as an intermediate layer between source and target notations. The implemented online generator enables automatic generation of the target data model represented by UML class diagram, based on business process models represented by two concrete notations: BPMN and UML activity diagram.

In this paper we aim to add additional knowledge regarding the occurrence, origin and epidemiological features of the English sweating sickness. The English sweating sickness raged in five devastating epidemics with mortality rates between 30 and 50% between 1485 and 1551 throughout England, and on one occasion also affected mainland Europe, in 1529. The Picardy sweat, generally considered as the English sweating sickness' lesser deadly successor, flared up in France in 1718 and caused 196 localized outbreaks with varying severity all over France and neighboring countries up to 1861. The English sweating sickness has been the subject of numerous attempts to define its origin, but so far all efforts have failed due to lack of material, DNA or RNA, that - using modern techniques and knowledge - could shed light on its cause. Although the time frame in which the English sweating sickness occurred and the geographical spread of the outbreaks is generally known, we will demonstrate here that there was more to it than meets the eye. We found reports of cases of sweating sickness in years before, after and between the 1485, 1508, 1517, 1529 and 1551 epidemics, as well as reports of sweating sickness in Italy and Spain. CONCLUSION In spite of the fact that the English sweating sickness apparently has not caused casualties for a more than a century now, we suggest that -given the right circumstances- the possibility of re-emergence might still exist. The fact that up until today we have no indication concerning the causal pathogen of the English sweating sickness is certainly not re-assuring.