This paper addresses the homogeneous/heterogeneous dilemma regarding formal arrangements of university central governance structures. Most topical studies argue that these structures are becoming homogeneous across countries and prove it by adopting purposive sampling techniques. Yet, other scholars stress heterogeneity within countries. This paper aims to clarify this dilemma through a multi-level analysis that simultaneously considers three levels of embeddedness (i.e., supranational, national and institutional), by employing a policy translation perspective, which can accommodate both homogeneity and heterogeneity. The national sample comprises three countries (the Netherlands, Portugal and Italy). The institutional sample is comprehensive and encompasses all public universities within each country. The study discloses heterogeneity in how countries responded to supranational policy pressures as well as heterogeneous responses at the institutional level even when unitary laws are applied. Relying on these findings, we stress the importance of adopting comprehensive (rather than purposive) sampling to infer about international and/or national homogeneity because studies that generalise results based on one/few case studies per country could be biased by the sample selection criteria. In addition, the research implications of our analysis on steering-at-a-distance and on the relation between the grade of cogency of the national laws and homogeneous/heterogeneous reform outcomes are discussed.

Background: The causes of infertility and recurrent spontaneous abortions are diverse and numerous – including non-genetic and genetic factors – whereby the importance of genetic factors in pathogenesis of infertility is becoming more and more common. Chromosomal abnormalities and genetic defects can cause reproduction failures, and for this reason genetic analysis can play an important role in reproductive problems research.Aims and Objective: This study aims to determine the type and frequency of chromosomalaberrations in the female population sample, as well as to determine if the difference between groups with and without chromosomal aberrations was statistically significant.Materials and Methods: One hundred women aged 15-46 were included in the study, allhaving different reproductive disorder diagnoses and requiring karyotype analysis in the Sarajevo Medical Faculty Genetic Center. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on the peripheral blood, which was cultured for four days, using GTG banding forchromosomalanalysis.Results: Out of 100 women included in the study, an abnormal karyotype was found in 16 of them (16%). The difference between the frequency of normal and abnormal karyotype in women with reproductive problems identified in this study was found to be statistically significant. The pattern of chromosomal aberrations was similar to that reported in the previous cytogenetic studies with similar inclusion criteria.Conclusion: This fact should be taken in the consideration in order to estimate true etiology of reproductive problems and it is a valuable information in the process of genetic counseling and decision making in assisted reproductive technology.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 12-16

The aim of this study was to present a patient (acute allograft dysfunction after a kidney transplantation) with previously detected minimum plaque on both iliac arteries by scintigram and afterward a pathological Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) record and to point on possibility of avoiding toxic computed tomography (CT) angiography in certain renal graft recipients. Ultrasound (US) findings showed normal graft size, whereas Doppler signals detected parvus-tardus waveforms pointing to arterial stenosis. Isotope perfusion scintigraphy registered a slow flow on both iliac arteries and normal graft perfusion. CT angiography has not been performed because of the possible toxic effects to the graft. We believe that favorable clinical and biochemical findings along with US and isotope ratio monitoring are sufficient to avoid CT contrast angiography.

Bu calisma, 1995-2015 doneminde 113 ulkede, dogrudan yabanci yatirim (DYY) ve turizm arasindaki iliskiyi incelemek icin panel veri regresyon modeli uygulanmistir. Bunun yani sira, kâgit tuketim, ticarete aciklik ve insan sermayesi gibi gostergeleri denetlerken potansiyel nedensel iliski ve turizm endustrisi ile DYY arasindaki essizligi arastirmaya calismaktadir.   Elde edilen sonuclar, turizmin dogrudan yabanci yatirimlar uzerindeki onemli(olumlu) etkisini gostermektedir. Ayrica, uc kontrol degiskeninin dogrudan yabanci yatirimlarin onemli bir belirleyicisi oldugu bildirilmektedir. Turizmden DYY'ye uzanan tek yonlu nedensel iliski rapor edilmekte, bu da turizmin bu ulkelerin DYY'lerinin gelismesine olanak sagladigini gostermektedir. Tuketim, ticaret acikligi ve beseri sermayenin de DYY ile tek yonlu bir nedensel iliskiye sahip oldugu bildirilmektedir. Westerlund ECM paneli es-butunlesme testi, degiskenler arasinda es-butunlesme uzerindeki karisik sonuclari gosterir. Elde edilen sonuclari goz onunde bulundurarak, hukumet bu iliskiyi, ekonominin surdurulebilir buyumesini saglamak ve politika imalari icin onemli bir arac olarak degerlendirebilmektedir.

During his time working with the Berliner Ensemble, Carl Weber observed firsthand Brecht’s techniques as he called out directions to his actors from the 10th row. Weber, groundbreaking theatre director, actor, scholar, and pedagogue, gave a series of interviews during his final years with a group of faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at Stanford University, reflecting on the artistic processes of the Berliner Ensemble and its legacy.