Background/Aim. Valid and reliable instruments were emphasized in the studies of pharmacotherapy literacy which is the capacity to obtain, evaluate, calculate, and comprehend basic information about pharmacotherapy and actions necessary to make appropriate medication-related decisions. The aims of this study were: to develop an instrument for assessment of pharmacotherapy health literacy among parents of pre-school children in Serbia (PTHL-SR) and to evaluate psychometric properties. Methods. This study was a four-stage methodological one, conducted from November 2015 to October 2016. The instrument content was established through qualitative and quantitative expert reviews in the first and second phase. Experts had to answer about the clarity and relevance of questions. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and index (CVI) were calculated based on the necessity and relevance of questions. Third phase was pre-testing of initial instrument to assess comprehensibility of questions. In the fourth phase, 300 parents completed questionnaire at several kindergartens in Belgrade, to determine questionnaire?s reliability through internal consistency, using the Cronbach?s alpha coefficient and correlation between classes. Results. The 14-items questionnaire was developed (initial PTHL-SR) and pre-tested on a pilot sample. It had 4 groups of questions about knowledge, understanding, numerical skills and access to medicines-related information. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR = 0.875) was significant and adequate (Lawshe CVR8 = 0.780). Conclusion. PTHL-SR is a reliable instrument for assessment of pharmacotherapy literacy among parents of pre-school children in Serbia and can be used for the evaluation of understanding, calculating and accessing medicines-related information.

The rapid pace of change continues to be a hallmark in cardiovascular medicine and many see that pace accelerating in adult cardiovascular medicine as well as in paediatric cardiology medicine. Cardiovascular medicine is an area of clinical practice with a continually rapid expansion of knowledge, guidelines, best practices and new technology. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world and cause major costs for the health sector and economy. Primary care clinicians are challenged to optimally manage a multitude of diseases including congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, valvular diseases, arrhythmias, lipid disorders, and hypertension. Multimodality imaging techniques are being used more frequently as their utility is better appreciated. Echocardiography has been the mainstay approach, cardiac computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide a good imaging alternative for patients with multiple complex surgeries. 3D printing has seen a rapid growth in use for planning treatments for patients with congenital heart disease. Simulation using 3D models is emerging as a fundamental resource for teaching procedural techniques and a new standard of care. Artificial intelligence holds the greatest potential for revolutionizing medicine. Innovative technologies in the world of cardiovascular health are expanding every day: wearable computing technologies, bioresorbable stents, leadless pacemaker, valve-in-valve procedure, protein patch for heart muscle growth and others. As a part of lifelong learning process for all professionals in cardiovascular medicine, the imperative is to have continuity of reviewing novelties, with results data from numerous researches in order to treat patient according to best practices and evidence-based medicine.

Origanum compactum (O. compactum) is an endemic Moroccan medicinal herb. Numerous studies have shown that O. compactum organic extracts, essential oil and its main components possess a broader spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antitumour activity. This research was designed to examine the antibacterial activity of O. compactum essential oil tested on clinical bacterial strains isolated from vaginal and cervical swabs. First, antibacterial activity was tested against standard bacterial cultures: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and after that on clinical strains. For testing the antibacterial activity, agar diffusion and microdilution methods were used. The inhibition zones (IZ) for standard bacterial cultures were from 31.0 ± 0.57 mm to 35.0 ± 1.15 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentracion (MIC) for essential oil was tested using the broth dilution method. The values were in the range of 0.098 mg/ml - 1.562 mg/ml. O. compactum essential oil provided strong antibacterial activity for all tested microorganisms. The antibacterial activity of essential oil depends largely on the main components: carvacrol and thymol. Clinical isolates, which are more resistant in comparison with laboratory strains, are almost equally sensible to O. compactum essential oil. This essential oil could be an ideal replacement for conventional antimicrobial products, especially if we consider the increasing resistance to implemented antibiotics. In the future, O. compactum essential oil could be an option in the treatment of gynecological infections.

Burned area of forest may be developed based on different factors. In this investigation the burned area of forest was analyzed by computational intelligence approach. The main goal was to analyze the influence of eight inputs on the burned area of forest. The method of ANFIS (adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system) was applied to the data. Eight inputs are considered: FFMC, DMC, DC, ISI, temp, RH, wind, rain. The ANFIS process was implemented to detect the dominant factors which affect the forecasting of the burned area of forest.