Aquaculture as an agricultural activity in our country is capable ofproducing large amounts of different types and categories of fish. Climate andgeographic characteristics of our country, the terrain and development of agriculturalproduction as well as compliance with the principle of “sustainable development”,the position and importance of fishery in a multipurpose water utilization, mustdetermine the direction of development of the future trout production. The mostimportant type of fish grown in the trout fisheries in BiH is the rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). In addition to the fact that growing thistype of fish is attractive to many producers, considering the high yield potential,it is also characterized by a significant level of tolerance to varying microambientconditions of the environment. Given the importance of fish production in Bosniaand Herzegovina, which is one of the rare branches of food sector that has fulfilledthe international standards and criteria and secured access to the markets of the EUcountries, it is necessary to establish optimal conditions to ensure high productivityof salmonid fisheries. Studying the reproductive cycles can provide very preciseand significant results of the overall condition of the entire organism during thisvery complex physiological process and of the overall population in the respectiveecosystem.

Akvakultura kao poljoprivredna djelatnost u našoj zemlji je u stanjuproizvoditi velike količine ribe različitih vrsta i kategorija. Klimatske i geografskekarakteristike naše zemlje, njen reljef i razvoj poljoprivredne proizvodnje kao ipoštovanje principa „održivog razvoja”, mjesta i značaja ribarstva u višenamjenskomkorišćenju voda, moraju da određuju pravac razvoja proizvodnje pastrmki ubudućnosti. Najvažnija riblja vrsta koja se uzgaja u pastrmskim ribnjacima kodnas je kalifornijska pastrmka, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Osim što jegajenje ove vrste ribe privlačno za veliki broj proizvođača, s obzirom na mogućnostpostizanja visokih prinosa, nju odlikuje i značajna tolerantnost na variranjamikroambijentalnih uvjeta okoliša. S obzirom za značaj proizvodnje ribe u Bosni iHercegovini, koja je jedna od rijetkih grana prehrambenog sektora koja je uspjelaispuniti međunarodne standarde i postavljene kriterije te osigurati izlazak na tržištezemalja Europske unije, neophodno je ustanoviti optimalne uslove koji obezbjeđujuvisoku produktivnost salmonidnog gospodarstva. Proučavanje reproduktivnogciklusa može dati vrlo precizne i značajne rezultate o stanju organizma za vrijemeovog vrlo složenog fiziološkog procesa, kao i populacije u datom ekosistemu.

Animations are widely used in today’s science classrooms. Therefore it is very important to explore under which conditions animations are most effective. In earlier studies it has been generally shown that the effectiveness of instruction largely depends on management of cognitive load. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Physlet animations, printed sequences of selected animation frames and traditionally presented static pictures on understanding about lenses and levels of cognitive load. According to the results of a quasi-experiment that included forty nine high-school students, Physlet-based teaching generally leads to higher germane load and consequently to more effective learning than the traditional approach. Particularly high levels of germane load have been found for Physlet-based problems . These findings can be accounted for by the interactivity feature of Physlets.

Abstract A novel SERS-based molecular sensor for detection and quantification of copper(II) ions with very good specificity and selectivity is reported in this work. The sensing is enabled by the employment of a synthesized dipicolylamine-based ligand anchored onto plasmonic gold nanoparticles through the sulfur atom of the methylthio group. The interaction of the ligand with copper(II) ions is followed by changes in the spectral features associated with pyridine ring breathing, as indicated by quantum chemical calculations performed at the density functional level of theory, which are proportional to the copper(II) concentration. The detection of copper(II) was possible down to 5 × 10−8 M in water. The proposed molecular sensor was applied for the detection of copper(II) ions in white wine, with the ability to detect amounts of copper(II) in wine lower than the maximum recommended amount of 7.87 × 10−6 M (0.5 μg/mL), indicating that the proposed molecular sensor is of potential interest as a routine test for the control of the copper(II) content in wine during wine production and in the final product.

Tokom svoje 132-godišnje proizvodnje, karakteristike Livanjskogsira su se mijenjale, najprije zbog prelaska sa ovčijeg na kravlje mlijeko, odnosnonjihovu mješavinu. Livanjski sir svoju specifičnost može zahvaliti, prije svega,prisustvu specifičnog biljnog pokrivača planinskog područja, klimatskim uvjetima imlijeku autohtone ovce pramenke. Cilj ovoga rada je odrediti masno-kiselinski sastavLivanjskog sira, sa posebnim osvrtom na sadržaj bioaktivnih komponenti koje imajupozitivan efekat po zdravlje ljudi, kao i na praćenje eventualnih promjena u njihovomsadržaju u ovisnosti o periodu uzorkovanja, odnosno hranidbe. Za proizvodnjuLivanjskog sira, koji je uzorkovan nakon 90 dana zrenja u ambijentalnim uslovima,korišteno je zbirno mlijeko ovaca, uz napomenu da je ovčijem mlijeku dodavanokravlje, u odnosu (80:20) koji se uobičajeno koristi u tradicionalnoj proizvodnjiovog sira. Uzorci su analizirani gasnim hromatografom u laboratoriji „As Vitas“Oslo Innovation Centre, prema proceduri opisanoj u radu Luna i saradnici (2005).Ukupno su određene 24 masne kiseline, kroz tri vremenska perioda uzorkovanja(juli, august i septembar). U uzorcima sira, sadržaj zasićenih masnih kiselina (SFA)bio je veći u odnosu na mononezasićene (MUFA) i polinezasićene (PUFA). Sastavmasnih kiselina ispitivanih uzoraka sira je specifičan, jer sadrži masne kiseline zakoje je dokazano da imaju izuzetno povoljan efekat po ljudsko zdravlje.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw on dynamic capability view and contingency theory to clarify the nature of the effect of environmental turbulence on the relationships between firm’s both product and process innovations and business performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed and empirically tested two structural models using structural equation modeling approach. The first model deals with both product and process innovations as the mediators between environmental turbulence and business performance. The second model considers the moderating effect of environmental turbulence between innovation and business performance.FindingsThe findings show that environmental turbulence does not moderate the relationship between innovation and business performance. The authors have found a clear role of environmental turbulence in boosting innovation rather than moderating the relationship between innovation and performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe data set is a cross-section of heterogeneous firms regarding the industry.Practical implicationsManagers should be aware of the importance of the innovation for the environmental turbulence and dynamism counteracting. The results imply a negative influence of environmental turbulence on business performance. However, with the innovation in the equation, this influence can be positive, because it boosts firms to innovate and though to achieve better business performance.Originality/valueIt contributes the management and innovation research and practice through offering insights into the role of environmental turbulence in product innovation, process innovation as well as organizational business performance through comprehensive analysis of mediation and moderation effects between the observed constructs.

Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide. While inflammation is critically important in host response to microbial invasion, exaggerated inflammation can damage the lungs, contributing to respiratory failure and mortality. Corticosteroids are effective in reducing inflammation and can also cause immune suppression. Presently, clinicians are unable to reliably distinguish between exaggerated and appropriate immune response and thus cannot rapidly identify patients most likely to benefit from adjunctive corticosteroids. In this review, we propose a biomarker-guided, precision medicine approach to corticosteroid treatment, aimed to give these medications at appropriate dose and time and only to patients who have exaggerated inflammation.

Global dynamic results are obtained for families of competitive systems of difference equations of the form

Recreational football has been shown to be an effective health-promoting activity, but it is still unclear how changes in game formats affect external and internal load. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of area per player in recreational small-sided football games. Ten recreational active male football participants (mean±standard deviation, age: 20.1±1.1 years; height: 182.2±7.4 cm; body mass: 75.9±9.8 kg) completed two sessions comprising 2x20 min of 5v5 football with 80 and 60 m2 per player, during which heart rate (HR) and movement pattern were measured. In 80 m2, mean HR (167±9 vs. 160±10 b.p.m., P<0.001, ES=0.70) and peak HR (192±8 vs. 188±9 b.p.m., P=0.041, ES=0.50) were significantly higher than in 60 m2. Percentage playing time with HR >90%HRpeak was higher in 80 m2 than 60 m2 (45±14 vs. 29±16%, P=0.004, ES=1.07). Moreover, a higher number of sprints (8.0±4.8 vs. 3.0±1.3, P=0.014, ES=1.41) and a greater distance in the highest speed zones (>13, >16 and >20 km·h1) were covered in 80 m2 than 60 m2. Peak running speed was also higher in 80 m2 (24.3±1.7 vs. 22.3±1.4 km·h-1, P=0.011, ES=1.27), whereas no statistically significant differences were found in total distance covered, player load, or the acceleration-deceleration profiles. In conclusion, the internal and external loading was higher for recreationally active male football players when playing on a pitch with 80 m2 area per player compared to 60 m2.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the link between economic freedom (EFI) and foreign direct investments (GFC) in the case of 34 OECD countries. The annual panel data are collected in the time-span between 1997 and 2016. The results of linear static and dynamic panel data estimators suggest a positive link between EFI and FDI suggesting that economic freedom tends to contribute significantly to the inflow of foreign direct investments. The findings of linear dynamic panel data estimators suggest also the positive link between the variables of interest indicating that the estimation issues assigned with linear static panel data estimator tend to overestimate the impact of EFI on FDI. With regard to Granger causality test, the results outlined a bidirectional causal relationship between EFI and GFC suggesting that EFI tends to attract the foreign direct investors but also that the country with higher FDI results in the rise in economic freedom. At last, ARDL model suggests a positive link between the variables of interest but only in the short-run, assuming that policy makers need to propose the necessary strategies that will stimulate not only economic freedom but also monetary policy and financial development as well as to ease the business activities in the country in order to increase the inflow of FDI.

The aim of this research was to establish a relationship between motor skills and performance of gymnastic elements on the floor routine and vault. A battery of 22 motor skills tests was assessed on the sample of 36 male subjects, students of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, all of whom took the course “Sport Gymnastics 1”. The subjects were evaluated by an expert commission in the performance of the selected elements on the floor routine (side-to-side and front-to-back cartwheel, roundoff, front and back handspring, forward and backward flip) and the vault (squat through on the vault and straddle vault with pre-flight, front handspring on vault, roundoff vault). The overall results of the canonical correlation analysis indicated to the evaluation of the applied canonical model on motor tests in relation to the performance of gymnastic elements, to the canonical correlation value of 0.998 with the Chi-Square test value of 320.11, and to statistically significant correlation of used variables on level p .00280. Through further analysis, 10 canonical roots were extracted, out of which only the first one was statistically significant (p .002). Through observation of data on the correlation between motor variables and canonical roots, it can be concluded that the standing triple jump variable and the lying medicine ball throw variable have the highest projection on the canonical factor, and thus are also most significant in conditioning the results achieved. Variables of coordination, figure eight running drill with bending under rope, lateral shuffle, agility on the floor, and agility in the air, all indicate to negative projection on the first isolated canonical factor, as do the two flexibility tests, shoulder and chest opener with rod and standing shoulder extension, pointing to the fact that the subjects with lower degree of those motor skills have also had lower performance of specific gymnastic elements. Regarding the criterion variables, the results show that the front-to-back cartwheel variable had the biggest projection, while the variables side-to-side cartwheel, back handspring, backward flip, squat through on the vault with pre-flight, and roundoff vault had almost the same projection on the first canonical root, indicating the need for greater engagement of motor skills in performing the aforementioned elements.

The consequence of drastic reduction in fossil fuel reserves has forced the scientific community to find and develop new ways to exploit renewable resources and optimize the process of polymer materials production. The aim is to obtain applicable polymer whose complete life cycle is set in ecological framework. Poly(lactide) (PLA) meets these requirements as biodegradable polyester whose monomer is derived from the plant feedstock containing carbohydrates. PLA could be prepared using the different synthesis routes, but from the point of energy saving, as well as environmental protection, the microwave synthesis of PLA is the best solution. In this work, poly(L-lactide) were synthesized in microwave reactor. Reaction time was varied, while the other parameters of the synthesis were constant. The structures of obtained polymers were confirmed by Fourier – transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For determination of molar masses of poly(L-lactide) samples, the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was applied. Thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).