Fetal movement counts have long been used as a measure of fetal well-being but with advancing technology, such counts have been supplanted as the primary measure. Despite the new technologies used in standard clinical practice, the stillbirth rate has not reduced significantly worldwide. Each method of assessing fetal movement has limitations with different methods performing better in different situations. No one method is universally superior. This paper aims to introduce the reader to the broad range of assessment methods, both potential and actual, used to determine fetal movement. These assessment methods are assembled into a taxonomy: maternal involvement, clinician involvement, technology-assisted, and automated technology. A brief historical and technological overview and the expected measurements of each assessment method are described. All reviewed methods have value, but actography appears to offer the most potential by complementing existing approaches. Further research is required to evaluate the suitability of fetal movement assessment and the response to it.

This paper presents results of fractal analysis of fracture systems in upper Triassic dolomites in Žumberak Mountain, Croatia. Mechanical rock characteristics together with structural and diagenetic processes results with fracture systems that can be considered as fractals. They are scale-invariant in specific range of scales. Distribution of fractures can be than described with power law distribution and fractal dimension. Fractal dimension is a measure of how fractures fill the space. Fractal dimension can be estimated form photographs of outcrops by converting photographs to binary photographs. In binary photo there is only black (rock or fractures) and white (fractures or rock). Fractal dimension is then estimated based on box-counting method. In this paper we present results of fractal analysis from three outcrops. Results are very similar to previous published results from outcrops of dolomites in Slovenia. Obtained fractal dimensions are in range 2,69-2,78 and it depends on how fracture systems are distributed in the outcrop. Lower values indicate smaller number of fractures and higher significance of larger fractures. Higher values indicate distribution of more similar sized fractures throughout whole outcrop. Fractal dimension is very significant parameter in rock fracture system characterisation sense it describes how fractures are distributed in the outcrop. It can be used in discrete fracture network modelling if spatial distribution of fractures is represented with power law distribution.

Every long bone fracture in orthopedic surgery represents a possible scenario for devel- opment of embolism complication, especially the fat embolism. There is no scientific explanation why fat embolism occurs and what are the hypotheses for development of fat embolism or the proper way of prevention, but just speculations and possible theories in the evolution of the clinical picture of fat embolism syndrome. Throughout this chap- ter, the authors will explain the possible theories of development of fat embolism, risk factors, pathology, and pathophysiology during progress of the clinical picture and signs of the fat embolism syndrome and therapy.

M1 and M2 activated macrophages (Mϕs) have different roles in inflammation. Because pathogens may first encounter resting cells, we investigated lipid mediator profiles prior to full activation. Human monocytes were differentiated with granulocyte Mϕ colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) or Mϕ colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), which are known to prime toward M1 or M2 phenotypes, respectively. Lipid mediators released during resting conditions and produced in response to bacterial stimuli (LPS/N‐formylmethionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine or peptidoglycan) were quantified by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. In resting conditions, both Mϕ phenotypes released primarily proresolving lipid mediators (prostaglandin E2 metabolite, lipoxin A4, and 18‐hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid). A striking shift toward proinflammatory eicosanoids was observed when the same cells were exposed (30 min) to bacterial stimuli: M‐CSF Mϕs produced considerably more 5‐lipoxygenase products, particularly leukotriene C4, potentially linked to M2 functions in asthma. Prostaglandins were formed by both Mϕ types. In the M‐CSF cells, there was also an enhanced release of arachidonic acid and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2. However, GM‐CSF cells expressed higher levels of 5‐lipoxygenase and 5‐lipoxygenase–activating protein, and in ionophore incubations these cells also produced the highest levels of 5‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. In summary, GM‐CSF and M‐CSF Mϕs displayed similar proresolving lipid mediator formation in resting conditions but shifted toward different proinflammatory eicosanoids upon bacterial stimuli. This demonstrates that preference for specific eicosanoid pathways is primed by CSFs before full M1/M2 activation.—Lukic, A., Larssen, P., Fauland, A., Samuelsson, B., Wheelock, C.E., Gabrielsson, S., Radmark, O. GM‐CSF– and M‐CSF–primed macrophages present similar resolving but distinct inflammatory lipid mediator signatures. FASEB J. 31, 4370–4381 (2017). www.fasebj.org

Istraživanje ključnih faktora kvalitete procesa građevinskih projakata u Bosni i Hercegovini te Hrvatskoj, pokazalo je da te faktore ne prihvaćaju jednako investitori, izvođači/podizvođači i voditelji projekta/konzultanti/projektanati. Prva četiri rangirana faktora su: koordinacija među sudionicima, komunikacija; stručnost/ znanje...; planiranje i kontrola, s različitim prioritetom unutar spomenutih sudionika. Istraživanje je nadalje pokazalo kako tijekom različitih faza građevinskog projekta važnost se pojedinih faktora kvalitete razlikuje s obzirom na različita upravljačka gledišta.

Reliable fabrication of lateral interfaces between conducting and semiconducting 2D materials is considered a major technological advancement for the next generation of highly packed all-2D electronic circuitry. This study employs seed-free consecutive chemical vapor deposition processes to synthesize high-quality lateral MoS2 -graphene heterostructures and comprehensively investigated their electronic properties through a combination of various experimental techniques and theoretical modeling. These results show that the MoS2 -graphene devices exhibit an order of magnitude higher mobility and lower noise metrics compared to conventional MoS2 -metal devices as a result of energy band rearrangement and smaller Schottky barrier height at the contacts. These findings suggest that MoS2 -graphene in-plane heterostructures are promising materials for the scale-up of all-2D circuitry with superlative electrical performance.

Penetration of grid connected inverters (GCI) has arisen in power systems due to increasing integration of renewable sources. However, restrictive grid codes require that renewable sources connected to the grid with power electronic systems must be properly connected and appropriate currents must be injected to support stability of the grid under grid faults. Simultaneous injection of symmetrical positive and negative sequence currents is mandatory to support stabilization of grid at the instant of grid faults. Conventional synchronously rotating frame dq current controllers are insufficient under grid faults due to low bandwidth of PI controllers. This paper proposes a new grid current control strategy for grid connected voltage source inverters under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. A proportional current controller with a first order low pass filter disturbance observer (DOb) is proposed which establishes positive sequence power requirements and independently control negative sequence current components under unbalanced voltage conditions. The method does not need any parameter, since it estimates nonlinear terms with low pass filter DOb. Simulations are implemented in Matlab/Simulink platform demonstrating the effectiveness of proposed method.