Environmental monitoring is one of the main priorities in Europe and in the world, due to the close relationship between human health and the environmental pollution. Biosensors offer generally cost-effective, quick and real-time analytical procedures for environmental monitoring. Due to technological development in last 10 years, this type of biosensors has been developed significantly as well. This paper is review of biosensors for environmental monitoring including water, air and specific soil pollutants (i.e. pesticides), specific toxic components and other micro organic molecules that are containing toxic chemicals in them. Different types of biorecognition elements and transducers, introduced to the public at the end of 20th century and at the beginning of 21st century, are mentioned and explained in this paper.

INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TBC) is a contagious chronic respiratory disease which despite the known cause, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and many decades of successful therapy, remains one of the leading global health problems. Immune responses against Mtb infection involve both of types of immunity, but cellular immunity, in which certain cytokines and Th1 cells play a key role, is crucial. A better understanding of the functions of the cytokine network involved in the state and progression of TBC could identify specific molecular markers for monitoring of disease activity as well as therapy outcomes in TBC patients. METHODOLOGY We investigated expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IRAK1 genes using an RT-qPCR technique in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 33 TBC patients and 10 healthy individuals. RESULTS Comparison between TBC patients and healthy individuals revealed statistically significant differences for all analyzed genes. The levels of expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were higher, while the level of IRAK1 mRNA was lower in the TBC group compared to controls. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was observed between TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression. When clinical parameters were analyzed, increased levels of TNF-α mRNA were detected in patients with a longer duration of therapy (>2 months) compared to those with a shorter therapy duration (< 2 months), and in patients without anemia. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the inflammatory genes we examined play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, and that the expression of the TNF-α gene could be a marker for monitoring the clinical effect of the ant-tuberculosis drugs during therapy.

As Yugoslavia fell apart in the 1990s, the Serbs used violence strategically, to achieve permanent divisions between ethnic categories and to thwart future attempts to rebuild trust and normalize interethnic relations. The goal of the violence was to intensify national and religious differences within socialist Yugoslavia’s highly multicultural society. The violence of the war, and the sexual violence in particular, influenced the identity of Bosnian Muslims. It heightened their sense of endangerment and consequently, their feeling of belonging to a persecuted group. This paper analyzes the visual representations of motherhood, violence and victimhood in four films directed by Jasmila Žbanic. It finds inspiration in Žarana Papic’s critical approach to patriarchy and nationalism and Inger Skjelsbaek’s field work among the survivors of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper’s main goals are to trace the link between patriarchy, nationalism and the memory of gender-directed violence, and to highlight the transformation of Bosnian Muslim identity within the context of history. Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina; genocide; war crimes; sexual violence; patriarchy; victimhood; motherhood DOI: 10.14712/23363231.2019.12 © 2019 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License , which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

1Travnik General Hospital, Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3Bugojno General Hospital, Bugojno, Bosnia and Herzegovina KeYWORdS: subvalvular aortic stenosis, subaortic membrane, septal myectomy. citAtiON: Cardiol Croat. 2019;14(3-4):80-1. | https://doi.org/10.15836/ccar2019.80 *AddReSS FOR cORReSpONdeNce: Alma Sijamija, J.U. Bolnica Travnik, Kalibunar bb, 72270 Travnik, Bosna and Herzegovina. / Phone: +387-61-780-085 / E-mail: alma.sijamija@hotmail.com ORcid: Alma Sijamija, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-0501 • Nermir Granov, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-6230 Omer Perva, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-1558 • Lejla Granov Aladjuz, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-0183 Berka Begović, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3746-395X • Nedžad Hadžić, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-7803

*AddReSS FOR cORReSPONdeNce: Zina Lazović, Klinički centar Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Bolnička 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. / Phone: +387-33-298-408 / E-mail: zina.lazovic@gmail.com ORcid: Zina Lazović, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0285-9631 • Nermir Granov, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-6230 Behija Hukeljić Berberović, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-4523 • Omer Perva, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-1558 Lejla Divović, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-9601

This study explores the tourism-urbanization-CO2 emissions nexus in the top 10 touristic destination over the period 1995-2016. Panel VAR methodology is employed. The findings of bivariate VAR models suggest the urbanization (UP) to have a significant positive response to the tourism receipts per capita (TR) as well as the negative response of the UP to the emissions of CO2. The outcome of trivariate model suggests a significant positive response of UP to its lagged value. However, tourism receipts per capita are found to respond negatively to the urbanization. The significant negative coefficient of -0.032 with UP suggests a negative response of urbanization to CO2 emissions. IRFs (Impulse Response Functions) suggest a negative response of CO2 to TR in the short-run. The impact is not found to be significant in the long-run. Besides that, the results suggest a positive decreasing response of urbanization to emissions of CO2. The results of this paper advocate the great environmental-awareness of citizens in the top 10 tourist destination suggesting that sustainable tourism has no alternative and key decision makers should develop strategies and do necessary steps in order to promote the development of sustainable tourism since the environment-friendly tourism is suggested to be the only acceptable one.

<p style="text-align: justify;">In this paper, a model based on numerical solution of two ordinary differential equations is used to obtain the water level in the surge tank and the static pressure in the headrace tunnel &ndash; the properties of essential importance for the functioning of the water supply system during the turbine shut-off. The model allows a fast and reliable simulation of the hydraulic processes in the headrace tunnel and the surge tank. It was validated by comparing the numerical results with the data available from the experiments conducted under real conditions in a surge tank of the HPP Jablanica. This model is used to analyze of influence of different parameters on variations of water level oscillation in the surge tank and the static pressure in the headrace tunnel.</p>

Micronutrients are trace elements required in very small amounts in the diet. Metals such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) are essential nutrients that are required for various biochemical and physiological functions. Cadmium, which is considered as systemic toxicant that is known to induce multiple organ damage, even at lower levels of exposure, has been also determined. Therefore, in this paper the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn and Cd have been determined in the white quinoa and amaranth by ICP-MS analysis. Concentrations of all examined metals were higher in the amaranth. This research has shown that amaranth and white quinoa could be good sources of essential micronutrients. The concentration of cadmium in amaranth was very close to maximum permitted concentration in food.

A água é essencial à conservação da vida sobre a Terra, contudo, o homem a trata como um bem inesgotável. Assim, torna-se fundamental provocar mudanças culturais, buscando a conscientização da população. O artigo apresentado tem como objetivo estimar o potencial pluviométrico captado pela área de coberturaconstruída dentro do campus do Instituto Federal da Bahia, em Eunápolis. Além de abordar, do ponto de vista da Educação Ambiental,o potencial de aproveitamento da água da chuva com o corpo discente do Instituto. Para a área considerada, foi realizada uma comparação entre o potencial pluviométrico a partir de dados coletados diretamente no campus e dados médios de estações próximas, Guaratinga e Canavieiras.A área total das edificações do campus, de 9.978,80 m², em 2018, apresentou um potencial de captação de água da chuva de 54.349,53 litros, utilizando índices médios das estações. Enquanto isso, ao aplicar índices médios do pluviômetro do campus, encontrou-se um volume de 20.276,92 litros,o que ressalta a importância da coleta de dados pluviométricos in loco. Pode-se concluir com este estudo que a captação e o aproveitamento da água da chuva possuem grande potência quanto a: economia orçamentária do campus; aplicabilidade dos conhecimentos apresentados nas aulas do curso de meio ambiente; e articulação com outros projetos a serem implantados no Instituto.