Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a non-melanocytic skin malignancy arising from basal cells of epidermis or follicular structures. Etiology of BCC is a multifactorial combination of genotype, phenotype, and environmental factors. There are several clinical variants of BCC including nodular, cystic, superficial, morphoeic, keratotic, pigmented and micronodular. Aim: The aim of our study was to analyze the recent clinical trends of basal cell carcinoma by reviewing a single institution’s experience. Methods: Total number of 422 patients clinically diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma were included in the study. Data on age, gender, skin type, personal and family history, duration of disease, localization of lesions, clinical type of lesions, and recurrence rate were collected and analyzed. The data were statistically evaluated. Results: More than 80% of all BCC’s were located on sun-exposed skin areas (p<0.05).The male /female ratio was 1:0.92. The nodular BCC was the most frequent type (59.2%), followed by the superficial (16.1%), pigmented (15.2%) and morphoeic (9.5%) types. The nodular and pigmented types were predominant located on the head and neck, whereas the trunk was the most common location for the superficial type (p<0.05). The tumor is commonly found in concomitance with skin lesion related to chronic sun exposure, such as actinic keratoses, solar lentigines and facial telangiectasia. During this study period, 41 cases showed recurrence of the cancer as the overall recurrence rate was 9.7%. There were no cases with metastasis or fatal outcome. Conclusions: The factors related to the development of BCC were older age and exposure to ultraviolet rays both in recreational and in occupational form. The prevention of BCC is based on the knowledge of risk factors, early diagnosis and treatment, particularly in susceptible populations.

Abstract The main aim of this paper is to investigate the productivity changes of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) during and after the recent financial crisis. The study covers the period starting from 2008 until 2015. Using the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) over the sample of 10 MFIs and a balanced panel dataset of 80 observations, this study explores technical and technological change as well as total factor productivity (TFP) change. The empirical findings indicate a decline in TFP in most of the analyzed periods with an average decrease of 2.5%. The study reveals an average technological decline in the industry of 1.7%, while technical efficiency change is recorded at the level of -0.8%. Overall, crisis efficiency recovery occurred during the period between 2009 and 2013. However, due to technological inefficiencies, average total factor productivity change remains negative. Hence, policy makers need to enhance the technological progress in order to meet their strategic objectives in BiH MFIs.

Breast cancer consists of several intrinsic molecular subtypes, providing the basis for clinical treatment decisions. Lately, it is becoming increasingly recognized that factors other than the intrinsic cancer characteristics, such as immune components’ activity in the tumor microenvironment, have important effects on treatment choices and efficacy. bioSyntagma has developed a method, the Molecular Fingerprint (mPrint®), that enables multiplexed analysis of spatially defined regions in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples allowing for analysis of the gene signatures unique to the tumor microenvironment. This method was applied to molecularly defined sets of breast cancers and used to evaluate four different tumor regions of interest (ROIs): 1) viable carcinoma proper (>90% cancer cells), 2) fibrotic tumor center (sparse cellularity), 3) interface between viable tumor and inflammatory component (tumor and inflammatory microenvironment) and 4) tissue away from the tumor (normal breast tissue). This was compared to the whole tissue scrapes from each patient block. Each ROI and tissue scrape was analyzed by high throughput qPCR for a panel of 248 genes using SmartChip technology (Takara Bio, USA). Sequential tissue slices from each patient were also analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for three targets and investigated for correlation with qPCR results for validation of the method. Overall, reasonable concordance was observed in general expression trends between selected IHC and RNA expression. qPCR data were further analyzed using hierarchical clustering analysis and showed that morphologically defined ROI’s cluster completely differently than traditional clustering of entire tissue scrapes. Notably, patient clustering based on morphological regions was independent of the intrinsic cancer subtype, as determined by molecular profiling of whole tissue scrapes, as well as independent of trends in Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) and Microsatellite Instability (MSI). These findings suggest that current methods of patient stratification based on whole tumor molecular subtyping may be inferior to stratification based on molecular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Colleen Ziegler, Isaiah Slemons, Chris DeSilva, Barbara Witkowski, Alain Mir, Sangeetha Anandakrishnan, Andrew Farmer, Elma Contreras, David Richardson, Semir Vranic, Zoran Gatalica, Dmitry N. Derkach. Novel method for patient stratification in breast carcinoma based upon spatial analysis of tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B094. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-B094

Sexual functioning of war veterans is significantly under-explored. During devastating aggression on Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) around 400 thousand soldiers were included in combats. It is estimated that more than 100 000 persons were killed, and more than 60 000 them were soldiers. Vast majority of them were deployed since war is ended. We found high prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in war veterans. Also significant difference in several areas of sexual functioning between war veterans with and without symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder was found.

Introduction The workplace can be a source of stress. One of the most stressful professions is the profession of doctor of dental medicine (dentist). Multiple forms of stressors lead to such occupational stress. Objective The research objective was to examine stress levels among dentists in the 25 to 45 year age group. Materials and Methods This cross sectional study included 105 doctors of dental medicine throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina, aged between 25 and 45 years. The research was conducted by means of a confidential on-line survey. All participants signed the informed consent, and voluntarily filled out the survey form. The research used the PERCEIVED STRESS SCALE-PSS 10. The statistical analysis used the IBM Statistics SPSS v.21 statistics packages and Microsoft Excel 2010. Descriptive statistics, X2 test, and T-test were also used. Results Of the total number of respondents, n=105, 66 (63%) of them were female and 39 (37%) male respondents. The mean median value of the score was 23 (Mean = 23.080), as a result of which we can conclude that the respondents in the 25-45 year age population group that participated in this study showed a high level of stress based on the completed questionnaire and the answers received from the respondents. Conclusion The estimated level of stress has been shown to be high in both genders, with no statistically significant difference between genders.

Abstract We develop a critique of government interventionism based on the Misesian calculation argument against socialism. If private property rights and relative prices based on supply and demand are necessary for successful economic coordination, then conventional market failure theories cannot be sustained. Government interventionism based on the idea of correcting “market failures” is analytically just a milder form of socialist central planning. Between the two, there are only differences in degree, not in kind. We criticize several public choice and law and economics scholars for disregarding this Misesian angle in their market failure theories. In our view they are reducible to arguments based on a fallacious political economy while perpetuating false neoclassical economic analysis of market failure theorists. We claim that government interventionism is just a milder form of socialist central planning. Therefore, the traditional arguments against the efficiency of central planning also apply to government interventions aiming at fixing market failures. In particular, we maintain that governments face the “knowledge problem”, which means that they cannot determine the optimal allocation of resources. In section two of this paper we discuss market failure and economic calculation. Section three is given over to our claim that the “Nirvana fallacy” is itself fallacious. The burden of section four is to address Coase and consequences. We conclude in section five.