The rise of nationalism that deepens hatred of the ‘other’, long-standing divisions and legacies of oppression threaten democracy around the globe. Despite the urgency of advancing transformative democratic education in the face of these daunting challenges, in real classrooms, most teachers do not take up this endeavour. Teacher education has a vital role to play in preparing teachers to educate democratic civic agents in contentious political contexts. This article presents teaching practices from two teacher educators from very different locations, Sarajevo and San Francisco, who equip pre-service teachers with pedagogical experiences and curricular tools that prepare them for five distinctive roles. These roles empower novices to bring transformative democratic education into their future classrooms.

Abstract To model fiber failures in random fiber networks, we have developed an elastoplastic Timoshenko beam finite element with embedded discontinuities. The method is based on the theory of strong discontinuities where the generalized displacement field is enhanced by a jump. The continuum mechanics formulation accounts for a fracture process zone and a bulk material while retaining traction continuity across the discontinuity. The additional degrees of freedom that are associated with the discontinuity are represented by a midpoint node, which is statically condensed to enable the implementation in commercial software through the user element interface . We propose a quasi-brittle fracture model, where the failure-related deformation is uncoupled from the plastic deformation in the bulk material. To retain the positive definite finite element stiffness matrix of the bulk material, we neglect the fracture-related softening of the discontinuity and employ a modified Newton iteration in the strain softening domain. Our implementation facilitates the integration into commercial finite element software and examples illustrate the robustness of the method. The FORTRAN source code is freely available to benchmark our model. We show that fiber failures contribute to the nonlinear stress–strain response of paper. Together with fiber–fiber bond failures, they can potentially explain the nonlinear stress–strain response of paper and nanopaper.

Gold nanorods have been implicated in several biomedical applications. Herein, the effect of two surface-modified gold nanorods on the early stages of embryogenesis and angiogenesis was investigated using avian embryos at three days and their chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) at five days of incubation. We found that gold nanorods (GNR) modified with PEGylated phospholipid moiety show a high mortality rate in embryos after four days of exposure compared to GNR modified with PEGylated cholesterol moiety. Meanwhile, our data revealed that surface modified-GNR significantly inhibit the formation of new blood vessels in the treated CAM model after 48 h of exposure. Moreover, we report that surface-modified GNR significantly deregulate the expression of several genes implicated in cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, cellular energy metabolism, and angiogenesis. On the other hand, our data point out that GNR treatments can modulate the expression patterns of JNK1/2/3, NF-KB/p38, and MAPK, which could be the main molecular pathways of the nanorods in our experimental models.

A few days ago authors of the papers deposited on the ResearchGate platform informed us by a letter from the ResearchGate team titled: "A note on recent content takedowns" where has been noticed that ResearchGate recently received demands from two publishers: Elsevier and the American Chemical Society (ACS) "to remove certain content that they alleged infringed their copyrights" (1). The main statement of the ResearchGate (RG) is: "These types of requests are not new: we have received many similar requests from them in the past, and, in accordance with applicable law, have complied with them. But these most recent requests were notable because of the number of articles involved. Although privately stored files were not affected, the demands by Elsevier and ACS resulted in the removal of around 200,000 public files. In the context of a community of over 20 million researchers, this is unfortunate, rather than existential, but it has sparked an acute reaction from many of our members who believe in the importance of open science" (1). Further RG explains: "Some of you have commented on the serious nature of our communications with you regarding the removal of content. We appreciate that the tone of our messaging was rather direct. International laws require that we implement a policy regarding repeat takedown requests from publishers, and we felt duty-bound to communicate these policies to you in no uncertain terms. This is done for the protection of users and the benefit of the ResearchGate community" (1). Concerning the future work (perspectives) RG stated: "Finally, we are mindful of recent changes in European copyright law in some countries, particularly relating to Article 17 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (2). While we believe we are not subject to such laws due to the nature of our business, we decided to nonetheless take advantage of advancements in technology which we believe will be beneficial for researchers. In particular, we have started implementing a new system called "Jarvis" which matches publisher rights information with user content at the time of upload. Where a publisher has provided the required information, Jarvis can prevent a researcher from unintentionally uploading content that is not allowed to be public. As always, it remains the responsibility of researchers to know and confirm their rights before uploading any content" (1). The final message of the RG team sent to its users’ is: "The future of academic publishing is open. Let’s work together to unlock its true potential" (1). According to this letter and content of the message from the RG team, as an experienced former and current Editor of a few indexed journals and prolific contributor and author of a lot of papers, especially in the Science Editing field and Scientometrics (3-9), let me expressed some views and comments regarding important facts and problems within Science Editing area and concerns of the scientific and academic community. Two extremely important problems in scientific publishing represent plagiarism and predation. More and more authors of articles in this scientific field, in the absence of other opportunities to engage in science, in this period of the Corona pandemic crisis imposed as a devastating consequence, began to deal with these topics, write about plagiarism and predation, conduct meta-analyze, and recommend what and how authors, especially who are not EDITORIAL

Background: The peculiar reigning and private life of Maria Theresa in the tumultuous time of continuous wars in the then Europe was interwoven with her predominant maternal/obstetric history, as presented below. Objective: All the sixteen pregnancies of Empress Maria Theresa ended in spontaneous vaginal deliveries at term, with no information on pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion or preterm delivery. Methods: Medicohystorical review of the obstetrical anamnesis of Empress Maria Theresia. Results: There were fifteen live births, whereas one female baby was born without signs of life. Cephalic presentation was recorded in fourteen and breech presentation in two deliveries, one of the latter with lethal fetal outcome. Thirteen deliveries were free from complications, whereas three deliveries, i.e. second, tenth and sixteenth, were very difficult, associated with obstetric complications including one manual lysis of the placenta with postpartum bleeding and two difficult deliveries with breech presentation. Maria Theresa had all her deliveries accomplished with assistance of the Court midwife (Hofhebamme), whereas the Court physician performed manual lysis of the placenta. Following delivery, the Habsburg-Lorraine archduke or archduchess was baptized by papal nuncio, but two children were baptized by the midwife in life-threatening conditions Conclusion: Considering her policy of renewing her multiethnic empire and its population that suffered great losses at various battlefields, Maria Theresa was a true representative and record-holder in perinatal contribution among the then courts worldwide.

Abstract This paper presents the study of deformations and Von-Misses stresses of the main shaft system during opening and closing operations of a rotary SF6 load break switch (LBS). The shaft consists of three axially connected parts made of steel where components are on ground potential and of plastic material, which is on high potential. The insulating shaft carries three rotating knife-blade contacts for the three phases. Static deformation of the insulating shaft is calculated by applying a defined torque between the two ends of the shaft. The results allow deducing the dynamic deformation. Maximum values of Von-Misses stresses are located at the geared connection between the plastic and the steel shaft. The rotation of the shaft system is measured synchronously by two optical rotary encoders in the front and rear sides of the LBS. The results confirm the twisting of the shaft system and provide its elastic deformation values. Travel curves obtained on both side of the LBS show different courses with respect to overtravel and rebound. Discrepancies can be explained by the deformation of the main shaft due to the acting forces, whereas manufacturing tolerances resulting in loose have a certain contribution.

Abstract The breaking capacity of a medium voltage (MV) rotary SF6 load break switch (LBS) can be improved by incorporating permanent magnets into the stationary contacts. The magnetic field is intended to blow the switching arc root towards a recessed space at the stationary contacts thereby preventing reignition of the arc after current zero. Making and breaking tests of load current 630 A were performed comparing the switching performance of load break switches equipped without a permanent magnet, with a ferrite and with a neodymium magnet. The impact of different polarity arrangements of the magnets in the three phases is also considered and analysed. In order to understand the arc behaviour caused by the effect of permanent magnet, arcing times and arc voltage were measured and evaluated. The results show that the arc voltage depends on the direction of the electromagnetic force, which is determined by the phase current direction but also by the polarity of the magnets. When the force is directed towards the recessed space at the stationary contacts, the arc voltage is notably higher than in the case where the arc is blown in the opposite direction. The higher arc voltage is a reliable indication that the length of the arc is increased, which significantly reduces the risk of both thermal and dielectric breakdowns after the first current zero. The consequences are noticed first in the reduction of the number of missed current zeroes and second in shorter minimum arcing times. An adverse arrangement of the magnet polarity in the three phases increases the number of missed current zeroes.

Abstract Rationale: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a rare autosomal dominant disorder, is characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentations, hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, and a high risk of developing various malignancies. To the best of our knowledge, only 1 case of appendiceal carcinoid associated with PJS has been previously reported in the pediatric population. Patient concerns: We report a 7-year-old girl who was admitted for severe, intermittent abdominal pain and cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Multiple brown melanotic macules on the lips, buccal mucosa, and the tongue were noted. Diagnosis: A plain abdominal X-ray in a standing position revealed dilated intestinal loops with multiple air-fluid levels. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing a “coffee bean” appearance of the jejunal loop with a transition point to the duodenal loop. Axial-contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing dilated jejunum loops, filled with fluid with the swirled appearance of mesentery typical for volvulus. The diagnosis of PJS was based on clinical findings along with the histopathologic confirmation of the hamartomatous polyps. Interventions: An emergency laparotomy was performed, revealing a jejunojejunal intussusception starting 40 cm from the duodenojejunal flexure. Jejunotomy revealed that a lead-point intussusception was a necrotic hamartomatous polyp. After resecting the involved jejunal necrotic segment, including the polyp, end-to-end jejuno-jejunal anastomosis was performed. Further exploration revealed the presence of a jejunal mass 80 cm from the duodenojejunal flexure identified as another hamartomatous pedunculated polyp. The polyp was resected, and the enterotomy was then closed transversely. The grossly normal appendix was also removed. Outcomes: Clinical findings along with the histopathologically confirmed hamartomatous polyps were consistent with PJS. An appendiceal carcinoid (well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society stage pT2) was incidentally detected during histological examination of the appendix. The patient and parents were counseled accordingly, focusing on active surveillance and control of symptoms. Two additional hamartomatous polyps (gastric and jejunal) were detected endoscopically and resected in the fourth postoperative week. A regular, 1-year follow-up and surveillance revealed no complications or recurrences. Lessons: Unusual neoplasms can occasionally be encountered in well-defined syndromes such as PJS. Therefore, active follow-up and surveillance are mandatory for all patients with PJS.

Abstract This paper describes the advantages of using data acquisition systems and software modelling tools to support the assessment and therefore redesign of the existing medium voltage switchgear. A 38kV/630A load break linear puffer (LP) will be used as an example for this study. In house testing was conducted to capture important design parameters of the switch such as displacement, velocity of mechanical parts and gas pressure using various sensors and three different measurement setups. The first setup, which is primarily intended for no-load measurements, consists of a DAQ system equipped with different types of sensors - two rotational encoders, three laser-based distance sensors, six pressure sensors, contact separation measurement, and a high-speed camera integrated and synchronized with the measurement system. The second and third setups, which are suitable both for no-load and on-load measurements, are based on state-of-the-art DAQ systems, which use three piezo-electric based pressure sensors, two fibre-optic based pressure sensors, three laser-based distance sensors and a high speed camera synchronized with the measurement system. The data acquired by the measurement systems is used in combination with an in-house developed simulation software HV CB Simulation, which enables simulating and predicting various variables of switching devices. Moreover, high speed camera videos analysed with both commercial and in-house developed image processing software, visualize and reveal many otherwise inaccessible occurrences. In addition to a comprehensive analysis of the proposed data acquisition and simulation setups, three design improvements in the linear puffer design - increase of the opening speed, removal of the flexible conductors and the length increase of the puffer cylinder - are presented and discussed in this paper.

ntroduction: Sleep is one of the most important components of overall health. Children with developmental disabilities are at a higher risk of having sleep problems. Purpose: The goal of the present study is to compare sleep patterns of children with developmental disabilities with those of typically developing children. In particular, we examined whether children with an intellectual disability (ID), children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing children differ in sleep duration, number of night’s waking, screen time (time spent on smartphones, tablets, TV), and outdoor activities. Methods: The sample for this study consisted of 114 children (34 children with ASD, 40 children with ID and 40 typically developing children) aged 2 to 14 years (mean age= 6.4 years, SD = 3.0). Information on children’s sleep patterns was obtained through an online survey completed by the parents of the children. We also collected information regarding the strategies parents use to settle their children for sleep, as well as information regarding screen time and outdoor activities. Results: The results of this study indicate that sleep duration was shortest for children with ID and longest for children without developmental disabilities. Another finding in this study is that screen time and not the outdoor activities was associated with sleep duration. Children with ASD were more likely to use melatonin to fall asleep, while the children with ID were more likely to use medications. Conclusion: Children with ID have shorter sleep duration than children with ASD and typically developing children. Parents have several cognitive and behavioural strategies at their disposal to improve their children’s sleep.

With an exclusive diet of hard-shelled mollusks, the black drum fish (Pogonias Cromis) exhibits one of the highest bite forces among extant animals. Here we present a systematic microstructural, chemical, crystallographic, and mechanical analysis of the black drum teeth to understand the structural basis for achieving the molluscivorous requirements. At the material level, the outermost enameloid shows higher modulus (Er = 126.9 ± 16.3 GPa, H = 5.0 ± 1.4 GPa) than other reported fish teeth, which is attributed to the stiffening effect of Zn and F doping in apatite crystals and the preferential co-alignment of crystallographic c-axes and enameloid rods along the biting direction. The high fracture toughness (Kc = 1.12 MPa•m1/2) near outer enameloid also promotes local yielding instead of fracture during crushing contact with mollusk shells. At the individual-tooth scale, the molar-like teeth, high density of dentin tubules, enlarged pulp chamber, and specialized dentin-bone connection, all contribute to the functional requirements, including confinement of contact compressive stress in the stiff enameloid, enhanced energy absorption in the compliant dentin, and controlled failure of tooth-bone composite under excessive loads. These results show that the multi-scale structures of black drum teeth are adapted to feed on mollusks. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : The black drum fish feeds on hard-shelled mollusks, which requires strong, tough, and wear-resistant teeth. This study presents a comprehensive multiscale material and mechanical analysis of the black drum teeth in achieving such remarkable biological function. At microscale, the fluoride- and zinc-doped apatite crystallites in the outer enameloid region are aligned perpendicular to the occlusal surface, representing as one of the stiffest biomineralized materials found in nature, while these apatite crystals are arranged into intertwisted rods with crystallographic misorientation in the inner enameloid region for increased crack resistance and toughness. At macroscale, the molariform geometry, the two-layer design based on the outer enameloid and inner dentin, enlarged pulp chamber and the underlying strong bony toothplate work synergistically to contribute to the teeth's crushing resistance.