Šerijatska vjenčanja kršćana iz različitih su se razloga prakticirana gotovo kroz cijelo razdoblje osmanske vladavine. Za kršćanske parove koji bi svoju vezu ozakonili pred kadijom vrijedila su ista pravila kao i za muslimane, što je u odnosu na strogoću crkvenih propisa imalo svoje prednosti. Tako su se kršćani mogli vjenčati s bližim srodnikom ili pripadnikom druge Crkve, razvesti se, a u slučaju rastave ili muževe smrti udovica je, barem neko vrijeme, bila osigurana iznosom vjenčanog dara koji se dogovarao prije vjenčanja.

Geoekološko vrednovanje reljefa Parka prirode Hutovo blato s aspekta njegove turističke i rekreacijske valorizacije provedeno je na temelju prethodne geomorfološke analize. U radu je promatran turizam i rekreacija kao sociološki elementi razvoja parka prirode Hutovo blato. Za postupak geoekološkog vrednovanja izdvojeni su reljefni oblici određenog stupnja atraktivnosti (vrhovi, padine, korita i dolinska dna, vododerine, područje oko Deranskog jezera, područje oko Svitavskog jezera i Svitavsko jezero), koji su vrednovani za sljedeće oblike rekreacije: šetnja, brdski biciklizam, rekreacijski biciklizam, promatranje ptica i krajolika te kajaking i kanuing. Stupanj pogodnosti reljefa za navedene vidove rekreacije određen je na temelju fizičke pogodnosti, estetske vrijednosti i dostupnosti. U postupku vrednovanja primijenjena je metoda relativnog vrednovanja reljefa. Provedeno vrednovanje ukazalo je na vrijedne i potencijalno vrijedne dijelove reljefa, ali i na one ograničavajuće elemente krajolika, zbog kojih pojedini dijelovi nisu do sada dovoljno turistički valorizirani. To se posebno odnosi na istočni i jugoistočni dio Parka s izraženim problemom fizičke pogodnosti i (ne)dostupnosti (udaljenost te nepostojanje ili neuređenost pješačkih staza, otežane plovnosti, nepristupačnosti obale obrasle vegetacijom). Predložene su moguće aktivnosti za povećanje geoekološke vrijednosti prostora (uređivanje infrastrukture za rekreacijski biciklizam, te obnova starih i uređenje novih edukativnih staza za šetnju i edukaciju na prostoru koji ima potencijal postati zanimljiv i atraktivan dio Parka prirode Hutovo blato).

Radiation-based local-regional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have gained wide acceptance due to promising rates of tumor response, survival, and safety profiles. After treatment, it is important to assess tumor response to determine further management, patient prognosis, and endpoint outcomes for clinical trials. To standardize imaging interpretation and reporting of HCC response to local-regional treatment, a few imaging-based response assessment systems were developed. Two of them have emerged as the most used: the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) Treatment Response Algorithm (LR-TRA) and the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST). While these systems have been validated for the assessment of response to ablative locoregional therapies, assessment of response to radiation-based therapies can be challenged by persistent or evolving imaging features and is still an area of active research. Following the advances in technology and a better understanding of tumor biology that allowed for the increased application of radiation-based local-regional therapies for the treatment of HCC, research is still needed to address the limitations of current imaging criteria for assessing tumor response to these novel techniques. In this review, we describe radiation-based liver-directed treatment options, examine imaging criteria for assessing treatment response, discuss practical limitations and gaps in knowledge when applying these response criteria, and address future directions that may help to improve accuracy and outcomes when assessing response to radiation-based HCC treatment.

The acoustic adaptation hypothesis (AAH) is often tested between species from open and closed habitats. However, the acoustic differences are rather small and thus the evidence is ambiguous. We tested the AAH between subterranean and surface-dwelling species living in very different acoustic environments. Lower frequencies (<1 kHz) are transmitted best in subterranean burrows and there is a high-frequency cut off around 3 kHz. The other important factor influencing the frequencies of vocal signals is body size. Acoustic allometry – a negative relationship between body size and frequency of acoustic signals – indicates that larger species tend to produce sounds of lower frequencies than smaller species, due to their larger vocal apparatus. The present study shows, that acoustic allometry applies to subterranean as well as surface-dwelling rodents and that the environment influences the main frequency of their vocalization. Besides, the subterranean species tend to have lower vocal signals than surface-dwelling species.