Introduction: Dementia prevention trials have so far shown little benefit of multidomain interventions against cognitive decline. Recruitment strategies in these trials often centre around dementia risk or cardiovascular risk profile, but it is uncertain whether this leads to inclusion of individuals who may benefit most from the intervention. We determined the effects of eligibility criteria on the recruitment of potential trial participants in the general population. Methods: In a systematic search until January 1, 2022, we identified all published and ongoing large (≥500 participants), phase-3 multidomain trials for the prevention of cognitive decline or dementia. We applied trial eligibility criteria to 5,381 participants of the population-based Rotterdam Study (mean age: 72 years, 58% women), to compare participant characteristics, predicted risk of cardiovascular disease, and dementia risk, between trial eligible and ineligible persons. Results: We identified 10 trials, of which 5 had been published (DR’s EXTRA, FINGER, preDIVA, MAPT, and HATICE) and 5 are ongoing (US-POINTER, MIND-CHINA, MYB, AgeWell.de, and J-Mint). Among all Rotterdam Study participants, eligibility across published trials ranged from 48% for MAPT to 87% for preDIVA, in line with original trial reports. Variability in eligibility was wider for ongoing trials, from 1% for US-POINTER to over 94% for MYB trial. Over 70% of trial eligible individuals are recommended preventive intervention in routine care based on their cardiovascular risk, similar for lipid-lowering (71%) and blood pressure-lowering treatment (73%). Ten-year risks of dementia were similar for eligible compared to ineligible individuals (12 vs. 11%). Conclusion: Multidomain dementia prevention trials fail to preferentially include those at the highest risk of dementia and mostly include individuals who qualify for interventions already on the basis of cardiovascular prevention guidelines. These findings call for better targeted enrolment of individuals for whom trial results can improve clinical decision-making.

Background A potential benefit of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is pre-interventional reperfusion. Currently, there are few data on the occurrence of pre-interventional reperfusion in patients randomized to IVT or no IVT before MT. Methods SWIFT DIRECT (Solitaire With the Intention For Thrombectomy Plus Intravenous t-PA vs DIRECT Solitaire Stent-retriever Thrombectomy in Acute Anterior Circulation Stroke) was a randomized controlled trial including acute ischemic stroke IVT eligible patients being directly admitted to a comprehensive stroke center, with allocation to IVT with MT versus MT alone. The primary endpoint of this analysis was the occurrence of pre-interventional reperfusion, defined as a pre-interventional expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of ≥2a. The effect of IVT and potential treatment effect heterogeneity were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Results Of 396 patients, pre-interventional reperfusion occurred in 20 (10.0%) patients randomized to IVT with MT, and in 7 (3.6%) patients randomized to MT alone. Receiving IVT favored the occurrence of pre-interventional reperfusion (adjusted OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.87). There was no IVT treatment effect heterogeneity on the occurrence of pre-interventional reperfusion with different strata of Randomization-to-Groin-Puncture time (p for interaction=0.33), although the effect tended to be stronger in patients with a Randomization-to-Groin-Puncture time >28 min (adjusted OR 4.65, 95% CI 1.16 to 18.68). There were no significant differences in rates of functional outcomes between patients with and without pre-interventional reperfusion. Conclusion Even for patients with proximal large vessel occlusions and direct access to MT, IVT resulted in an absolute increase of 6% in rates of pre-interventional reperfusion. The influence of time strata on the occurrence of pre-interventional reperfusion should be studied further in an individual patient data meta-analysis of comparable trials. Trial registration number clinicaltrials.gov NCT03192332.

The European building stock presents pertinent issues needing suitable strategies to be solved. In detail, this regards seismic safety and energy efficiency of buildings to ensure more liveable and safe cities, which represents an important goal for modern societies. Energy performance includes both comfort and saving, the latter required for a more responsible resource consumption within the building sector, having a considerable contribution to the total demand. Current strategies do not seem to be able to simultaneously solve such aspects satisfactorily, both for higher economic requirements and poor technical feasibility implied by separated and disharmonious interventions. Thus, a holistic perspective should be adopted to pursue such an ambitious objective, which has recently gained increasing attention among researchers. Current requirements are firstly highlighted to show the need for an integrated approach to building retrofit. Secondly, a critical review of integrated strategies combining seismic and energy refurbishment proposed in the literature is reported. Then, special issues are discussed, including the feasibility of an integrated approach applied to heritage buildings. This study revealed that a fully efficient strategy for integrated retrofit has not still been proposed in the literature and there are several open issues to be solved. However, current solutions may be further developed to improve them and the several options currently available demonstrated the increasing attention and importance of the topic. Finally, concluding remarks on this research topic have been drawn to promote future studies.

Abstract Some recent findings suggest that metformin, an oral antidiabetic drug, may have antitumor properties. Studies have shown that metformin can alter cell metabolism, both tumor and immune cells, which can greatly influence disease outcome. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms in which metformin can directly induce apoptosis of tumor cells as well as mechanisms in which metformin can elicit or enhance antitumor immune response.

In order to find the optimal solution for the drainage of rainwater from roads in urban areas, as well as for the evaluation and ranking of conceptual solutions, appropriate mathematical models and software packages were used in this research. For relevant rain episodes, i.e. rainfall of appropriate duration and intensity, runoff coefficients and flows were taken into account and analyzed according to the rational method, all for the purpose of obtaining data on the amount of rainwater entering the sewage system. Through this research, very good correlations and regressions were established between the cross slope of the road and the parameters of rainwater drainage from the road, as well as the correlation and regression relationships of the cross slope of the road and the efficiency of the drain. Likewise, the dependences of the drainage parameters, the efficiency of the drains and the cross slope of the road were determined, expressed through mathematical functions.

Today's extensive requirements for the storage, management, and analysis of complex, dynamic, evolving, distributed, and heterogeneous data from different sources and platforms, e.g., Big data, generate enormous challenges for IT, especially database applications. That is why the demand for data reduction is increasingly coming from the world of databases, intending to reduce the costs of storing, processing, and querying Big data. There is a large number of different techniques for Big data reduction that can cause confusion and complicate this process. Because of that, the authors proposed a Big data reduction framework to structure and present both data reduction techniques and necessary components essential for a better understanding of the process. The importance and the components of the proposed framework are explained in this paper.

Air pollution is a major problem in developing countries and around the world causing lung diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, innovative methods and systems for predicting air pollution are needed to reduce such risks. Some Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have been developed to assess and monitor various air quality parameters. In the context of IoT, Artificial intelligence is one of the main segments of smart cities that enables collecting a large amount of data to make recommendations, predict future events and help make decisions. Big data, as part of artificial intelligence, greatly contributes to making further decisions, determining the necessary resources, and identifying critical places thanks to the large amount of data it collects. This paper proposes a solution, with the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), to predict pollution for any given day. This paper aims to show how sensor-derived data in smart air pollution monitoring solutions can be used for intelligent pollution management. By collecting data from the air pollution sensor that sends the data to the server via. NET 6 REST API endpoint and places it in a SQL Server database together with additional weather data that is collected from REST API for that part of the day, a dataset is created through the ETL process in Jupyter notebook. Linear regression algorithms will be used for making predictions. By detecting the largest sources of air pollution, artificial intelligence solutions can proactively reduce pollution and thus improve health conditions and reduce health costs.

This paper presents the results of detailed geological investigations of the Middle Triassic dolomite deposit of Nikolin Potok, which is located west of Bugojno. Based on the established borders of surface distribution and research results, geological reserves of about 4.6 million m3 have been determined in the wider area of the deposit. The dolomite reserves that have been established so far in this area are at a low level of geological exploration. For this reason, the level of research should be significantly increased, because the calculated and confirmed reserves are very modest compared to the potential possibilities. The paper contains a description of the geological characteristics of the area and the qualitative-quantitative characteristics of dolomite. The results of the conducted research point that the general geological and technical-exploitation factors are favorable and indicate profitable exploitation of the deposit in the coming period as well. Taking into account the significant raw material potential, and the possibility of expanding the existing raw material base, this area has a special significance for the perspective development of dolomite exploitation and its use in the production of technical-building stone.

The growing urban population drives implementation of smart city concept in various domains such as health, energy consumption, water management and air pollution systems. This paper describes smart city use case development utilizing FIWARE technology as an open-source efficient, standardized and secure smart city platform. While some basic details about FIWARE is provided, the paper is focused on the smart city architecture and use case development founded on this technology.

Detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) presents one of the main tasks of modern cardiology. In the last few years, the deep learning (DL) emerges as the most frequent approach for accomplishing the task. When deciding to apply DL model for AF detection researchers are facing different choices bringing specific advantages but also imposing specific restrictions. The expansion of publishing, and advancements in this field, demand frequent review of the state of the art. The initial set of 370 papers filtered by keywords of interest, were systematically narrowed to 32 papers in focus. The objective of the paper is to present a comprehensive overview of commonly used ECG databases, signal preprocessing techniques, inputs formatting, DL models used, choice of output classes, and performance metrics achieved.

The end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century was marked by radical changes on the demographic map of the Bosnian Eyalet as a serhat of the Ottoman state. In addition to mass migrations of the Muslim population from the lost Ottoman territories towards the interior of the Bosnian Eyalet, there were also continuous movements of the Christian population in the opposite direction. The paper follows the movements of some groups of Christians, mainly those who respond to the bishop's call to settle the desolate areas around Pécs, Szeged, Baja and the surrounding area, but also the migration of other non-Muslim populations towards the Venetian territory, as well as migrations to the „Imperial lands“ due to various political, economic and other factors. While the Venetian government encouraged, with money and investiture, the people to bring families to Dalmatia, and the Austrian government received petitions from the priests of Bosnian monasteries about the difficult situation of Catholics, the Ottoman government throughout that time undertook activities to stop defections, therefore, the paper describes some of the procedures and the situations themselves. Some authors exaggerate when they say that, for example, between 100 and 200 thousand Catholics left Bosnia. The paper shows that according to some reports, 74 thousand Catholics lived in Bosnia before 1683, and 25 thousand half a century later. This is an acceptable number of emigrant Catholics compared to the exaggerations of some chroniclers. An important part of the work is the knowledge obtained from sources, who actually are the non-Muslims that go across the border from the interior and from the borders of the Bosnian Eyalet. Ottoman sources usually refer to both Catholics and Orthodox by the name „kefere“ (a collective noun denoting the non-Muslim population in general). For the Ottoman administration, the most important thing is that it is a category of non-Muslims in order to tax them according to that category. Due to such a situation, it is difficult to give a definitive number of Catholics or Orthodox in a certain period according to Ottoman sources. In the paper, we provide a limited analysis of the case according to some unpublished sources, so it can be seen how many Christians, heads of the household, remained in a certain area. Often, however, it is not possible to know whether they are Orthodox or Catholics, because there are no priests among them. Names are often a problem, too, because patronymics are rare, and names can be tied to a nomenclature common to both Catholicism and Orthodoxy. From the episcopal and friar reports, it can be seen that in that period, the conversion of Muslims also took place, so among the migrants to the north, for example, there were thousands of new Christians. The cities of Požega, Osijek and Brod also lost their Muslim population and hundreds of Catholics from Sarajevo, Kreševo, Modriča and Vrhbosna are coming to them. Registry books record their origin, especially in the first years of the 18th century. The Orthodox and Catholic population from the Herzegovina Sandžak settles mainly in the Boka Kotorska area. An extensive cadastral census from 1701 shows that among the people there are many who come from places that are not affected by war activities. The Orthodox population from Backa and Baranja goes to Slavonia and Srijem, but also to Ottoman territory. On the territory of the Republic of Dubrovnik, war refugees from the Bosnian ejalet are most often Vlachs, especially during the periods of the Moravian War (1684-1699) and the Venetian-Ottoman War (1714-1718). The Ottoman authorities demanded that these people be delivered to them, and the Dubrovnik authorities formally agreed, but they often helped the people to stay there or to go further by sea.

Abstract In armed conflicts and crises, children with disabilities face serious threats to their lives and safety, including those related to their inability to flee attacks, risk of abandonment, lack of access to assistive devices, lack of access to basic services and denial of education as well as experiences of stigma, abuse, psychological harm and poverty. Children with disabilities experience multiple and intersecting forms of human rights violations based on their disability and age. Since 2015, Human Rights Watch has documented the impact of armed conflict on children with disabilities in Afghanistan, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Gaza Strip in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, South Sudan, Syria and Yemen. While international human rights specifically call for the protection of children with disabilities in situations of armed conflict, the United Nations, governments, parties to the conflict and humanitarian actors have long neglected their specific rights and needs. There is an urgent need for the United Nations and governments to increase efforts to protect children with disabilities as part of their international commitments to protect all children impacted by hostilities. Their attention and investment in those most at risk of violence during armed conflicts will in turn enhance protection measures for everyone.

Interaction channels are unique opportunities to improve customer satisfaction by offering a consistent problem-solving experience. The role of employees in the contact center is to maintain an appropriate relationship between the company and the customer, thus they are personally responsible for the customer experience. In this paper, an objective evaluation method for evaluating customer-agent interaction, i.e. evaluating calls is proposed. The motivation for evaluating calls stems from the key performance characteristics of a contact center.