Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded molecules that have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their covalently closed structure and their diverse functional roles in mammalian cells, where they are involved in the regulation of gene expression and protein function. Increasing evidence suggests that circRNAs have similar functions in plants, where they play a role in plant development, resistance to biotic stress, and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we investigated the agronomically relevant question of whether synthetic designer circRNAs can be used to modulate in a sequence-specific manner gene expression in plants. We show that treatment of GFP-expressing Arabidopsis protoplasts with designer 50 nt GFP antisense circRNA (circRNAGFP) reduces the cellular accumulation of the reporter protein in a sequence-specific and dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory activity of circRNAGFP was not abolished in various Arabidopsis ago and dcl mutants with defective RNAi pathways. Moreover, and in contrast to other types of RNA such as double-stranded (ds)RNA, circRNAs did not induce a PTI response in plant leaves. We discuss the possibility that circRNA may be applied to regulate endogenous plant genes and thus may have future potential as a novel bioherbicide.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents around 3% of all cancers, with the most frequent histological types being clear-cell RCC (ccRCC), followed by papillary (pRCC) and chromophobe (chRCC). Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which promote the expression of various target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the high- affinity glucose transporter 1, have an important role in the pathogenesis of RCC. This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-A, showing significantly higher HIF-1α nuclear expression in pRCC compared to ccRCC, while there was no significant difference in VEGF-A protein expression between the analyzed histological RCC subtypes. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for HIF1A showed no statistical difference between histological types. Data from publicly available RNA sequencing databases were analyzed and showed that, compared to healthy kidney tissue, VEGFA was significantly up-regulated in ccRCC and significantly down-regulated in pRCC. The comparison between histological subtypes of RCC revealed that VEGFA was significantly up-regulated in ccRCC compared to both pRCC and chRCC. There was no statistically significant difference in survival time between HIF1A high- and low-expression groups of patients. As for VEGFA expression, pRCC patients with low expression had a significantly higher survival rate compared to patients with high VEGFA expression.

The deep operator network (DeepONet) structure has shown great potential in approximating complex solution operators with low generalization errors. Recently, a sequential DeepONet (S-DeepONet) was proposed to use sequential learning models in the branch of DeepONet to predict final solutions given time-dependent inputs. In the current work, the S-DeepONet architecture is extended by modifying the information combination mechanism between the branch and trunk networks to simultaneously predict vector solutions with multiple components at multiple time steps of the evolution history, which is the first in the literature using DeepONets. Two example problems, one on transient fluid flow and the other on path-dependent plastic loading, were shown to demonstrate the capabilities of the model to handle different physics problems. The use of a trained S-DeepONet model in inverse parameter identification via the genetic algorithm is shown to demonstrate the application of the model. In almost all cases, the trained model achieved an R2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R^2$$\end{document} value of above 0.99 and a relative L2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$L_2$$\end{document} error of less than 10% with only 3200 training data points, indicating superior accuracy. The vector S-DeepONet model, having only 0.4% more parameters than a scalar model, can predict two output components simultaneously at an accuracy similar to the two independently trained scalar models with a 20.8% faster training time. The S-DeepONet inference is at least three orders of magnitude faster than direct numerical simulations, and inverse parameter identifications using the trained model are highly efficient and accurate.

Objectives This study aims to present an overview of the formal recognition of COVID-19 as occupational disease (OD) or injury (OI) across Europe. Methods A COVID-19 questionnaire was designed by a task group within COST-funded OMEGA-NET and sent to occupational health experts of 37 countries in WHO European region, with a last update in April 2022. Results The questionnaire was filled out by experts from 35 countries. There are large differences between national systems regarding the recognition of OD and OI: 40% of countries have a list system, 57% a mixed system and one country an open system. In most countries, COVID-19 can be recognised as an OD (57%). In four countries, COVID-19 can be recognised as OI (11%) and in seven countries as either OD or OI (20%). In two countries, there is no recognition possible to date. Thirty-two countries (91%) recognise COVID-19 as OD/OI among healthcare workers. Working in certain jobs is considered proof of occupational exposure in 25 countries, contact with a colleague with confirmed infection in 19 countries, and contact with clients with confirmed infection in 21 countries. In most countries (57%), a positive PCR test is considered proof of disease. The three most common compensation benefits for COVID-19 as OI/OD are disability pension, treatment and rehabilitation. Long COVID is included in 26 countries. Conclusions COVID-19 can be recognised as OD or OI in 94% of the European countries completing this survey, across different social security and embedded occupational health systems.

ABSTRACT Introduction Social knowledge is an important aspect of social cognition that pertains to broader knowledge of social concepts and norms. People with intellectual disabilities are more likely to experience mental health challenges, and it’s important to pay special attention to how comorbid conditions can affect their social cognition skills, potentially weakening these skills. Consequently, the present study seeks to compare social knowledge between two groups of adults in Bosnia and Herzegovina: those with intellectual disabilities and those diagnosed with a dual diagnosis encompassing intellectual disability and psychiatric conditions. An additional goal was to identify the factors contributing to social knowledge in these groups. Methods The study sample included 62 adults with mild intellectual disability, divided into two groups based on their comorbid psychiatric condition. We used a demographic questionnaire, Raven’s Progressive Matrices, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), MINI PAS – ADD scale, and The Social Knowledge Test to assess social knowledge and intellectual functioning. We compared the social knowledge scores between the two groups and identified the predictors of social knowledge in each group. Results The results indicated that adult participants with dual diagnoses had lower social knowledge scores than those with intellectual disabilities only, even after controlling for intellectual functioning and verbal abilities. The predictors of social knowledge differed between the two groups, with age being the only statistically significant predictor in both groups. In individuals with intellectual disabilities, age and the presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms were important predictors of social knowledge, while in the group of participants with dual diagnoses, age and PPVT were significant predictors of social knowledge. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of social knowledge in individuals with intellectual disabilities and dual diagnoses. The findings suggest that individuals with dual diagnoses may have a specific deficit in social knowledge that is not fully explained by their intellectual functioning or verbal abilities. Clinicians and educators should focus on identifying and addressing social knowledge deficits in individuals with dual diagnoses to improve their overall social functioning.

Background The optimal reperfusion technique in patients with isolated posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusion is uncertain. We compared clinical and technical outcomes with first‐line stent retriever (SR), contact aspiration (CA), or combined techniques in patients with isolated PCA occlusion. Methods This international case–control study was conducted at 30 sites in Europe and North America and included consecutive patients with isolated PCA occlusion presenting within 24 hours of time last seen well from January 2015 to August 2022. The primary outcome was the first‐pass effect (FPE), defined as expanded Treatment in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2c/3 on the first pass. Patients treated with SR, CA, or combined technique were compared with multivariable logistic regression. Results There were 326 patients who met inclusion criteria, 56.1% male, median age 75 (interquartile range 65–82) years, and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 8 (5–12). Occlusion segments were PCA‐P1 (53.1%), P2 (40.5%), and other (6.4%). Intravenous thrombolysis was administered in 39.6%. First‐line technique was SR, CA, and combined technique in 43 (13.2%), 106 (32.5%), and 177 (54.3%) patients, respectively; FPE was achieved in 62.8%, 42.5%, and 39.6%, respectively. FPE was lower in patients treated with first‐line CA or combined technique compared with SR (CA versus SR: adjusted odds ratio 0.45 [0.19–1.06]; P=0.07; combined versus SR: adjusted odds ratio 0.35 [0.016–0.80]; P=0.01). There were lower odds of functional independence (modified Rankin scale score 0–2) in the first‐line CA versus SR alone group (adjusted odds ratio 0.52 [0.28–0.95]; P=0.04). FPE was associated with higher rates of favorable outcomes (modified Rankin scale score 0–2: 58% versus 43.4%; P=0.01; modified Rankin scale score 0–1: 36.6% versus 25.8%; P=0.05). Overall, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was present in 5.6% (18/326) and mortality in 10.9% (35/326) without difference between first‐line technique. Conclusion In patients with isolated PCA occlusion, SR was associated with a higher rate of FPE compared with CA or combined techniques with no difference in final successful reperfusion. Functional independence at 90 days was more likely with first‐line SR compared with CA. FPE was associated with better 90‐day clinical outcomes.

Early diagnosis and treatment of brain cancer depend on the detection and categorization of brain tumors. Deep learning algorithms have produced amazing results in medical imaging applications including tumor identification. Most of this field's research has concentrated on applying CNN algorithms like VGG16, DNN, and ANN to this problem. This work describes the identification and classification of brain tumors using the Python Imaging Library (PIL) and the VGG16 deep learning algorithm. A dataset of 7000 MRI pictures categorized by tumor type served as the foundation for the research. The main objective of this study was to develop a high-efficiency, high-accuracy model. We suggested utilizing the VGG16 architecture and preprocessing images with PIL to ensure consistent images for training on a sizable dataset of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. A novel technique we have used in our work is one that can analyze a single image and predict the presence of a tumor from the results. The research's methods produced robust tumor detection across the dataset with 96, 9% accuracy, indicating the value of the method in helping medical professionals make informed decisions when diagnosing the presence of tumors.

Introduction The management of long-term physical conditions is a challenge worldwide, absorbing a majority resources despite the importance of acute care. The management of these conditions is done largely in primary care and so interventions to improve primary care could have an enormous impact. However, very little data exist on how to do this. Mental distress is frequently comorbid with long term physical conditions, and can impact on health behaviour and adherence, leading to poorer outcomes. DIALOG+ is a low-cost, patient-centred and solution-focused intervention, which is used in routine patient-clinician meetings and has been shown to improve outcomes in mental health care. The question arises as to whether it could also be used in primary care to improve the quality of life and mental health of patients with long-term physical conditions. This is particularly important for low- and middle-income countries with limited health care resources. Methods An exploratory non-controlled multi-site trial was conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia, and Uganda. Feasibility was determined by recruitment, retention, and session completion. Patient outcomes (quality of life, anxiety and depression symptoms, objective social situation) were assessed at baseline and after three approximately monthly DIALOG+ sessions. Results A total of 117 patients were enrolled in the study, 25 in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 32 in Colombia, and 60 in Uganda. In each country, more than 75% of anticipated participants were recruited, with retention rates over 90% and completion of the intervention exceeding 92%. Patients had significantly higher quality of life and fewer anxiety and depression symptoms at post-intervention follow-up, with moderate to large effect sizes. There were no significant improvements in objective social situation. Conclusion The findings from this exploratory trial suggest that DIALOG+ is feasible in primary care settings for patients with long-term physical conditions and may substantially improve patient outcomes. Future research may test implementation and effectiveness of DIALOG+ in randomized controlled trials in wider primary care settings in low- and middle-income countries. Trial registration All studies were registered prospectively within the ISRCTN Registry. ISRCTN17003451, 02/12/2020 (Bosnia and Herzegovina), ISRCTN14018729, 01/12/2020 (Colombia) and ISRCTN50335796, 02/12/2020 (Uganda).

The COVID-19 pandemic, since SARS-CoV2 was discovered in December 2019, has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. Since then, several countries have witnessed the collapse of the health care system due to the great need to treat patients with COVID-19. At the global level, drastic measures have been taken to combat the spread of the virus. However, these measures have led to disruptions in other aspects of health care, diagnosis and treatment of other diseases and conditions. There is also a stalemate in achieving the ambitious goal set by the World Health Organization to eliminate viral hepatitis as a threat to public health by 2030. Hepatitis B and C are chronic conditions with a significant global burden, and COVID-19 has slowed or stopped many hepatitis elimination programs.

The essential resources for the survival of the living world are air, water and land. By its essence land is the only non-renewable natural resource, with a potentially rapid rate of degradation and a very slow process of formation and regeneration. Water and land are resources, characterized by climate, so climate variability inevitably affects the processes in the land and its use, whose testimonies today we could find through the fossil lands. Processes affecting the lands are intensified in the last few decades around the world, such as erosion, water logging, drought, fire, loss of organic matter and the like, are associated with climate change and are visible on the territory of Republika Srpska. The basic task of humans today is to use the land rationally and to preserve it for new generations. On the basis of available measured data and climate models in the future, the following conclusions came out: land use would not be significantly impaired, nor would crop production be endangered; favorable climatic conditions would continue to prevail for the production of corn, wheat, and potatoes, with increased year-on-year variations by the end of the century; due to earlier sowing, water logging would be pronounced; regular maintenance of existing drainage systems should be fully in function, and new ones to be built in geopardize places; for the new, highly intensive orchard establishments and vegetable production, irrigation system should be designed and built; comprehensive solutions of existing erosion processes and prevention of occurrence of new ones should be envisaged, because in future climatic conditions, dry periods of higher intensity might occur, followed by strong rainstorms could cause permanent soil loss due to dried vegetation prone to erosion; considering that the soils of Republika Srpska are very poor in humus, i.e. organic carbon, it is necessary to apply agrotechnical measures to increase the intake of organic matter. Intentional burning of crop residues must be severely punished. Continuous monitoring of soil fertility on georeferenced locations is indispensable (pH, macroelements (NPK), content of organic matter, water-physical properties of soil) for better data comparison and observation of the direction of impact, whether positive or negative, in order to plan and take timely adaptation measures, ensuring proper and sustainable land use and climate change mitigation.

With aging, the body’s ability to maintain regular functions declines, increasing susceptibility to age-related diseases. Therapeutic interventions targeting the underlying biological changes of aging hold promise for preventing or delaying multiple age-related diseases. Metformin, a drug commonly used for diabetes treatment, has emerged as a potential gerotherapeutic agent due to its established safety record and preclinical and clinical data on its anti-aging effects. Glycosylation, one of the most common and complex co- and post-translational protein modifications, plays a crucial role in regulating protein function and has been linked to aging and various diseases. Changes in immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation patterns have been observed with age, and these alterations may serve as valuable biomarkers for disease predisposition, diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and overall health assessment. In this study, we analyzed the IgG glycosylation patterns of white men from Europe, aged 29–45 years, under treatment with metformin, testosterone, metformin plus testosterone, and placebo (trial registration number NCT02514629, 2013/07/04), and investigated the longitudinal changes in glycosylation over time. We observed statistically significant differences in the IgG glycome composition between participants on testosterone therapy and placebo, with decreased agalactosylation and increased galactosylation and sialylation. However, metformin therapy did not result in statistically significant changes in glycosylation patterns. These findings contribute to our understanding of the impact of therapeutic interventions on IgG glycosylation and confirm the value of IgG glycosylation as a significant biomarker, capable of assessing biological age using the GlycanAge index and providing insight into overall health compared to chronological age.

Xanthene derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. In our previous investigations, we found the good antiproliferative activity of two xanthene derivatives, with minimal toxicity investigated by in vitro tests. In this study, we tested the interaction of compound 1 (powerful potent antiproliferative compound) with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) under physiological conditions by spectrophotometric titration. The probable prediction of binding and the type of interaction forces involved in the arrangement between xanthene derivatives and CT-DNA were explored also through molecular docking studies. The results indicated that compound 1 interacts with CT-DNA by grove binding. The binding constant was found to be 2.5 ∙ 10 4 M −1 indicating the non-covalent binding of compound 1 to CT-DNA. Docking study results proposed possible binding modes, with binding energies of −9.39 and −8.65 kcal mol −1 for compounds 1 and 2, respectively, which supported previously obtained in vitro results for antiproliferative activity. In addition to experimental investigation, density functional theory (DFT) calculation with B3LYP/6-31G*, B3LYP/6-31G**, and B3LYP/6-31+G* levels of theories was performed on compounds 1 and 2 to obtain optimised geometry, spectroscopic and electronic properties. These studies could help in understanding the mechanisms of toxicity, resistance, side effects of xanthene derivatives, and their binding action mechanism to DNA

Presently, the main cause of pollution of natural water resources is heavy metal ions. The removal of metal ions such as nickel (Ni2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) has been given considerable attention due to their health and environmental risks. In this regard, for wastewater treatment containing heavy metal ions, graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites with metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) attained significant importance. In this study, graphene oxide stacked with copper oxide nanocomposites (GO/CuO-NCs) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analytical procedures. The prepared GO/CuO-NCs were applied for the removal of Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions from a binary metal ion system in batch and continuous experiments. The obtained results revealed that GO/CuO-NCs exhibited the highest removal efficiencies of Ni2+ (89.60% ± 2.12%) and Cd2+ (97.10% ± 1.91%) at the optimum values of pH: 8, dose: 0.25 g, contact time: 60 min, and at 50 ppm initial metal ion concentration in a batch study. However, 4 mL/min flow rate, 50 ppm initial concentration, and 2 cm bed height were proved to be the suitable conditions for metal ion adsorption in the column study. The kinetic adsorption data exhibited the best fitting with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm provided the best-fitting data in the Langmuir isotherm model. This study suggested that the GO/CuO nanocomposites have proved to be efficient adsorbents for Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions from a binary metal system.

The mountain of Konjuh is characterized by a landscape of high aesthetic value with significant diversity in biological, geomorphological, and hydrological aspects. This, combined with its cultural-historical heritage, religious and traditional values, provides the foundation for educational, ecotourism, and sports-recreational tourism activities, as well as for visitor enjoyment and the development of economic activities. Located in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Konjuh, along with Ozren, Javor, and Javornik, forms part of the chain of peripheral (higher) mountains, which, together with Trebavac and Majevica, represent the transition from the Dinaric mountain system to the vast Pannonian plain. The average elevation of the mountain is 1,000 meters. The Tuzla Canton government has passed a law declaring a portion of Konjuh Mountain, covering an area of 8,016 hectares, as a Cultural Heritage site of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this study was to systematically inventory medicinal plant species at seven sites on Konjuh Mountain in three municipalities (Kladanj, Živinice, and Banovići) at different altitudes (from 560 to 1,100 meters), classify medicinal plant species based on taxonomic and ecological attributes, and create phytocenological field records. During the research, 109 medicinal plant species were identified, including endangered and endemic species. The taxonomic structure of the families of medicinal plants on Konjuh Mountain revealed the presence of 43 families, with the most represented being representatives of the Lamiaceae family at 13.76%, Asteraceae at 11.92%, Fabaceae at 7.33%, and Plantaginaceae at 5.50%. A phytogeographical analysis of the medicinal plant flora identified 11 areal types and groups. An analysis of the biological spectrum of flora in all habitats indicates the presence of six primary life form types, with hemicryptophytes (H) being dominant, accounting for 59 species.

Historical cartography has an important place among historical sources. Many researchers can have the opportunity to use many cartographic sources during their research. An important source in historical cartography is maps created during the reign of the Ottoman Empire on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, the existence of cartographic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina which are the results of the work of cartographers of the world should also be emphasized. Large-scale representations found in the form of cadastral plans of various scales are of particular importance in research. However, small-scale cartographic representations also offer great help to researchers. The first large-scale representations of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina were made during the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. This short period of rule on the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in the surveying and representing of the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina on cadastral plans at the scale 1:6250, 1:3125, 1:1562.5 and 1:781.25. On the basis of these large-scale representations, many small-scale representations of different topics, purposes and scales were created. Small-scale representations were made in different scales, which also dictated the detail of the representation. The maps, i.e. small-scale graphic representations, were produced at the scales of 1:12500, 1:25000, 1:75000, and 1:150000. With the end of the First World War, a new period of cartography of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was born. During this time, topographical maps were made at the scales of 1:25,000, 1:50,000, and smaller scales. Of course, the authors of the maps monitored the situation on the ground and tried to ensure that all the details that could be shown were shown on them in terms of content and according to the possibility of the display. After the end of the Second World War, a completely new period was started in the production of graphic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A special place is occupied by large-scale representations views - cadastral plans that were prepared at the scales of 1:5000, 1:2500, 1:2000, 1:1000 and 1:500. On the basis of cadastral plans, small-scale graphic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - maps were created. The map scales were 1:2500, 1:50000 and smaller. Maps with different purposes and themes were created. Topographic maps have a special significance. The completeness of the presentation is an important determinant of all the previously mentioned presentations. The completeness of the cartographic display is reflected in the display of all significant objects, depending on the scale of the display. The area of Bosnia and Herzegovina has many sights. Most of these sights have been measured and shown on large-scale geodetic bases - cadastral plans as well as small-scale geodetic bases - maps. Graphic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina were created by many cartographers. Taking this as important data, Bosnia and Herzegovina or its individual parts are shown on maps of different scales related to different authors. This is precisely what results in graphic representations on which different signs, display methods, letters, and languages are represented. Cartographic representations in Bosnia and Herzegovina were created in different time periods. The depictions of Bosnia and Herzegovina go back several centuries. Cartographic representations show details that are interesting to many researchers. At the time of the creation of cartographic representations, it was not even imagined how important the representations would be for research in today's time. Historical cartography through cartographic representations offers a lot of information about many objects on the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The depictions of the Travnik's old towns Toričan and Vrbenac, are especially important for the research. In the paper, the depictions of the aforementioned remnants of Travnik's old towns were investigated. They were shown on many cartographic sources of different purposes and different scales, which were made by different authors in different time periods. The paper analyzes the depiction of old cities in historical cartographic sources from the 17th to the 20th centuries.