The subject of the analysis are the practices and effects of changed direct, interpersonal communication on teachers – students reality in the form of online consultations, in new communication technologies mediated by patterns. The text analyzes the transformation of traditional, academic communication practices in teaching processes conditioned not primarily by technological but existential reasons, starting from the hypothesis that the effectiveness of consultative, communication forms cannot be achieved exclusively through mediated forms, the absence of interpersonal, social interaction. The purpose of the analysis was related both to recording the real effects of mediated communication patterns of online consultations and to analyzing indicators of improvement and development forms of online teaching. On the selected sample of students and teachers of the Department of Communication and Journalism Studies, Faculty of Political Science, University of Sarajevo, primarily, study-oriented and interested in the field of studying and researching communication processes, the surveys aims to analyze conditionally mediated communication from the aspect of communicators, participants in the communication as well as from the aspect of the content and mediator of the communication process and its effects in comparison with established, traditional academic practices. The results of the examination of attitudes indicate that the mediated patterns of consultative forms optimized the material, technical dimension of transmission and reception, but reduced the qualitative, content aspect of the message in terms of its understanding and the inclusion of sensory inputs in the communication process. Untimeliness in responding to inquiries, different denotative and connotative forms of understanding the message, and the absence of metacommunication are just some of the recorded indicators of the absence of basic conditions for effective communication in forms of mediated consultation.

In order to raise and harmonize the quality standards of pharmaceutical studies at the national level of Bosnia and Herzegovina and thus get closer to the implementation and quality assurance of study programs of EU countries, a team of professors from the University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Pharmacy prepared and was awarded the Erasmus+ project IQPharm. IQPharm (Innovating quality assessment tools for pharmacy studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina) aims at capacity building of quality management, and aims to introduce new tools for quality improvement, digitization and modernization of pharmacy studies at public universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including strengthening semi-structured experiential education in line with EU standards and higher education regulations for regulated professions. The introduction of new tools for the assessment of the quality of study programs (KREF) enables the development of evidence-based recommendations for change, modification and innovation of existing methods of knowledge transfer, didactic approaches and curricula. The introduction of a new system of proficiency testing through experiential education (OSCE) sets equal standards at the national level for the learning outcomes of graduate pharmacists. The development of E-platform ensures the digitization and modernization of experiential education management. Experiential education at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina will be significantly improved through the introduction of the E-platform, by raising the standards of the practice itself and facilitating its implementation by student services, students and their mentors. A special part of this project is the development of free modules, which are extracurricular subjects intended to enrich the knowledge of students and graduates of pharmacy, They should track the labor market trends, and thus make higher education more agile and attractive.

The quality management system at the University of Sarajevo is guided by the following principles: promotion of constant improvement of the quality of the study programmes and the application of the best educational approaches and practices. The Bologna process gives special importance to outcome based education (OBE), so learning outcomes are established as a new measure of institutional excellence, shifting a change in focus from "What should student do to successfully complete her/his studies?" to "What competences student acquired during her/his studies?" or more precisely "What can student do after finishing her/his studies?". In this paper, after basic information about outcome based education and the importance of this approach with the implementation of the Bologna process in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), an overview of the approach to quality assurance and to study programmes improvements based on learning outcomes is given. Focus on learning outcomes enables the fundamental change of the focus from the teacher to the student, which is one of the foundations of the Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the EHEA (ESG).

Awareness about the importance of marketing of higher education institutions has been steadily growing amongst decision makers on international level. That trend is particularly noticeable in case of adult education programs, which need continual promotion since it is a type of non-formal education. In Bosnia and Herzegovina private universities and private providers of non-formal education programs have been promoting adult education for some time now. At the same time public universities, mainly influenced by the marketing myopia phenomenon, use promotional activities only sporadically. Therefore, for the purpose of improving promotion of adult education programs in public universities, a qualitative exploratory study has been conducted. The aim was to investigate attitudes and opinions of adults about promotion activities for adult education programs. Data was collected through focus groups from representatives of four generations: Baby Boomers, Generation X, Y and Z. Research results show that different generations have different needs and expectations when it comes to adult education programs. A generally positive attitude towards adult education programs has emerged. Values have been identified which could be communicated through promotion activities. Based on research results several recommendations are given for improvement of adult education promotion. Research results presented in this article directly contribute to achieving UNESCO's Education for Sustainable Development 2030 agenda (priorities 1, 2, 3 and 5), contributing further indirectly to achieving Sustainable Development Goals 4, 8 and 10.

Gender equality is a crucial issue for the 21st century society, which implies the responsibility of universities to critically review the current situation, identify social circumstances in which education takes place, and creatively design ways in which they can change social reality. Considering the imperatives of gender-inclusive education, this research is focused on the problem of horizontal gender segregation and its reflection on vertical segregation. The examination starts with insight into the general situation in higher education institutions in BiH to pay special attention to the field of social sciences at the University of Sarajevo. Based on the meta-analysis of available secondary data, the analysis primarily determines the 'diversity index' in this area, and identifies the specifics of scientific fields and the differences between them.

At the beginning of the 21st century, environmental issues became leaders in all areas of human activity without competition. All other essential topics: health, food, energy, water, and air, are predominantly determined by environmental problems. Climate change is a result of excessive CO2 emissions due to the greenhouse effect, air pollution as a result of emissions of harmful substances by thermal power plants, chemical plants, heating boilers, individual furnaces, means of transport; pollution of drinking water, pollution and devastation of arable land, destruction of forests, pollution of rivers due to inadequate wastewater treatment, etc. are problems that require a radical change in man's attitude towards the environment, which leads to the need to reconsider and change the current way of doing business. The paper analyzes the impact of scientific achievements in electrical engineering on the accelerated industrial growth that has led to today's environmental problems. Industrial development is explored in phases (Industry 1.0, Industry 2.0, Industry 3.0, Industry 4.0) regarding the impact of radical changes in doing business. Since we are now in phase 4, the dominant topics are energy transition, energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, recycling, innovation, electric vehicles, networking, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and 5G. Although all the above topics are multidisciplinary, a significant share of electrical engineering is clear. Existing plans and programs in electrical engineering, whether based on the traditional model of education or in the process of innovation, are adapted to new technological trends. As a rule, little or no importance is attached to environmental issues. As one of the answers to the mentioned problem at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, a new course, “Sustainable Development” was included. The paper briefly describes the content of this course.

The curriculum of the University of Sarajevo Faculty of Architecture (UNSA AF) has evolved from a predominantly theoretical framework and setting imaginary tasks to recognizing and adequately responding to current topics and real social problems. However, the inert institutional character is noticeable, limiting the academic community's timely response to urgent challenges and societal changes. To eliminate the identified shortcomings and improve the education process, the Faculty of Architecture has undertaken several activities in cooperation with partnering institutions in BiH and the EU, resulting in critical self-evaluation and novel guidelines. Previous examples of collaboration with industry illustrate possible ways to improve the quality of education and raise student competencies. The newly designed ERASMUS + project “APLE” (2022) aims to integrate practice and cooperation with the real sector to transfer (applicable) knowledge into the teaching process. New formats of interaction with the real and public sector “ARCHIPRAXIS” are envisaged as a testing ground for implementing various ideas. This paper aims to present the importance and modalities of incorporating the practical component into the process of student education and the actualization of global topics in the local context. It also wants to point out the inertia and shortcomings in the existing academic procedures at different levels, which should be valorized as extracurricular activities. The experience gained, i.e., "lessons learned," should serve all actors involved in the educational process: academia, and industry, to the broader community to create a better framework for acquiring and applying knowledge.

What is the purpose of universities - education or job training? What should be our priority - competences for the 21st century or finding a job within a year after graduating? The future is unpredictable and today’s actions are not necessarily good, but the worst thing to happen would be doing nothing. The survival and development of university depends on our vision of who are the generations to come, what we will teach them, how we will develop the curricula and how far we will succeed in moving away from linear careers as a Procrustean bed, punishing and forcing us to believe that what we have is the only thing possible if deviations from the prescribed norm happen or if one attempts spurring development. On the other hand, the context in which education takes place is constantly changing, and today’s careers, defined as a collection of all experiences and changes in values and attitudes (not advancement in the workplace) are changing their forms just like Proteus. Therefore, the important question is how to reject the Procrustean bed and accept the concept of a protean career as a guide in the development of higher education? The development of new study programs and the revision of existing ones should be guided by the following postulates: internationalization, interdisciplinarity, equality in access and adaptation to the needs of people who need to build their careers in the next dozen years. Innovative study programs should offer: experiences that will be attractive to students from all over the world, a holistic approach to the learning experience and multiperspective, equality in access to all interested parties at every moment of their lives, and flexibility that will allow the student to have his own pace of learning. Some examples of such programs are dual studies, short cycles, combined studies and recognition of prior learning. The University of Sarajevo is a participant in two ERASMUS+ projects aimed at the development of dual studies and short-cycle programs with the aim of increasing access to education and adapting to the needs of students and employers, which directly support the principles of a protean career.

Abstract Environmental issues and the current global energy crisis serve as further motivators for the promotion of renewable energy sources. However, integrating these sources into existing power grids presents numerous challenges. As the connection capacity approaches its limits, it is imperative to employ innovative engineering methods to integrate distributed generation (DG) into resilient, self-healing smart grids of the future. One such tool is Hosting Capacity (HC) analysis, which is an emerging power system-planning tool used to position investments toward parts of the network that can absorb additional generation and promote efficient use of energy sources, avoiding overloading, inefficiencies, DG misallocations, and network failures. In this study, a technique for calculating the ideal HC in a power system is presented. The goal of this research is to develop a replicable optimization methodology for determining HC in smart distribution systems using a single objective constrained optimization problem solved through the use of genetic algorithm (GA). Detailed power system load and generation modeling and the use of advanced open-source research tool for load flow optimization improve the confidence in the proposed model. This research contributes to collective knowledge of the subject matter and establishes a reliable optimization methodology for determining HC in power systems.

Background Next-generation sequencing (NGS), including whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES), is increasingly being used for clinic care. While NGS data have the potential to be repurposed to support clinical pharmacogenomics (PGx), current computational approaches have not been widely validated using clinical data. In this study, we assessed the accuracy of the Aldy computational method to extract PGx genotypes from WGS and WES data for 14 and 13 major pharmacogenes, respectively. Methods Germline DNA was isolated from whole blood samples collected for 264 patients seen at our institutional molecular solid tumor board. DNA was used for panel-based genotyping within our institutional Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments- (CLIA-) certified PGx laboratory. DNA was also sent to other CLIA-certified commercial laboratories for clinical WGS or WES. Aldy v3.3 and v4.4 were used to extract PGx genotypes from these NGS data, and results were compared to the panel-based genotyping reference standard that contained 45 star allele-defining variants within CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP4F2, DPYD, G6PD, NUDT15, SLCO1B1, TPMT, and VKORC1. Results Mean WGS read depth was >30x for all variant regions except for G6PD (average read depth was 29 reads), and mean WES read depth was >30x for all variant regions. For 94 patients with WGS, Aldy v3.3 diplotype calls were concordant with those from the genotyping reference standard in 99.5% of cases when excluding diplotypes with additional major star alleles not tested by targeted genotyping, ambiguous phasing, and CYP2D6 hybrid alleles. Aldy v3.3 identified 15 additional clinically actionable star alleles not covered by genotyping within CYP2B6, CYP2C19, DPYD, SLCO1B1, and NUDT15. Within the WGS cohort, Aldy v4.4 diplotype calls were concordant with those from genotyping in 99.7% of cases. When excluding patients with CYP2D6 copy number variation, all Aldy v4.4 diplotype calls except for one CYP3A4 diplotype call were concordant with genotyping for 161 patients in the WES cohort. Conclusion Aldy v3.3 and v4.4 called diplotypes for major pharmacogenes from clinical WES and WGS data with >99% accuracy. These findings support the use of Aldy to repurpose clinical NGS data to inform clinical PGx.

The scanning vibrating electrode technique was employed to monitor the in situ localised electrochemical activity on aluminium alloy 2024-T3 at the free corrosion potential in aggressive NaCl solutions with and without corrosion inhibitors 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) and octylphosphonic acid (OPA). MBI is a very effective inhibitor against pitting corrosion, even in a chloride environment without the reservoir of MBI. In contrast, localised corrosion was observed at several points at the early stage of immersion of AA2024 in NaCl solution containing OPA. Ex situ energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the Al_2CuMg particle at the cross-section revealed that MBI does not entirely prevent its dissolution but reduces the dissolution rate and the rate of oxygen reduction by forming an insoluble complex compound Cu–MBI on the partially dealloyed AlCu-based particles, i.e., on the porous copper remnants. The MBI’s action is an efficient option for mitigating the corrosion of Cu-based aluminium alloys.

The sustainable forest management concept contains the essence of the sustainable development paradigm - meeting the current needs of society without compromising the needs of future generations. The strategic commitment of the Faculty of Forestry University of Sarajevo is aimed at quality education of forestry experts, conducting innovative research and the most intensive cooperation with the economy. The methodological approach in this paper is based on a critical analysis of the scope of the educational-research process at the Faculty of Forestry University of Sarajevo, and the potentials of sustainable forest management in BiH, to determine to what extent higher education and research on environmental, sociological and economic aspects of forest management can affect positive changes in BiH society. Apart from identifying the benefits of forest ecosystems in the context of contributing to sustainable development, the research on the attitudes of teaching staff related to the contribution of the educational-research process to general goals of sustainable development from the 2030 Agenda was conducted. The results of this paper show that the concept of sustainable forest management, as it is realized in educational-research process at the Faculty of Forestry University of Sarajevo, has significant potential to contribute to sustainable development in BiH. This contribution is reflected in biodiversity conservation, mitigation of climate change, carbon storage, prevention of natural disasters, impact on the stability of water and soil, energy supply from renewable sources, continuous economic growth, socially responsible production and consumption, job security, development of rural and urban areas as well as maintaining and improving the psychophysical health of the population. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that sustainable forest management, grounded on scientific postulates, understanding of diversity of forest ecosystem services and dynamics in society's requirements towards forests, multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral cooperation, can be an important factor of sustainable development in BiH.

The paper investigates the effects of digitalization on teaching and educational processes and the possible negative effects that these processes have. For the Sarajevo Canton and the rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, digitalization in education has already begun and it is important to fully understand the potential threats it poses. Decision-making processes were a human competence where different programs were used only as a tool to aid the process of reaching the best decisions. Today, algorithms are decision-makers where humans perform tasks of justifying algorithm’s decisions and preventing the upheaval caused by the increasing social inequality caused by algorithmicizing. The main argument is that of higher education without understanding of the underlining algorithmicizing of its processes could consequently lead to social inequality and wrong decisions. On the other hand, the lack of awareness of accelerated digitization can lead to lagging behind in digitization processes and loss of competitiveness in an increasingly global university market. This paper explains algorithmic intermediation and remodeling of decision-making values and points out threats and needs in the higher education. It should serve educational institutions and policy makers as a guideline in the adoption of future strategies on digitization processes in higher education as well as provide the base for future discussions focusing on Global Digitization Trends within the Bosnian and Herzegovinian higher education area and its policies, laws, and strategies with a recommendation for the Digitization Action Plan in higher education in Canton Sarajevo.

Open science includes open access to publications, research data and open educational content, open science redefines the whole process of scientific communication by encouraging dialogue, open review, open sources and tools. Demanding processes of digital transformation of scientific communication require significant support of academic libraries in the processes of advocacy and implementation of open science. Academic libraries in this context, and among other things, need to be recognized as indispensable partners in various open access initiatives at higher education institutions. In this regard, the aim of this research is to establish the specifics and current trends of e-publishing at the University of Sarajevo (UNSA), collect data on active open access journals published by UNSA organizational units, by website content analysis method, and in conclusion to address the benefits of cooperation with libraries of scientific institutions in planning the publishing of scientific journals in open access, as a segment of open science.

The development of the teaching profession is considered a key prerequisite and the most important link in the process of improving and raising the quality of the educational system in BiH. The reform of education through various phases has lasted for almost two decades, it has set a number of challenges and expectations for teachers, who bear the greatest burden in the implementation of reform processes. Only quality teachers can educate holistically oriented students willing to live and nurture values, possess 21st century skills and be able to bring about change that will be geared towards development and progress. Occupational standards represent a harmonized minimum of best practice in accordance with needs occupations within the defined legal framework. Accordingly, the Occupational Standard for Teachers is a list of key tasks that teachers perform within their profession, and the competencies needed to perform them effectively. The Occupational standard represents the link between initial teacher education and the labor market, offering a clear framework for the organization and development of the teaching profession. The aim of the paper is to present the concept and methodology of developing the Teacher Occupation Standards and Teacher Qualification Standards, created in the TABLA project, to explain the role and function of occupational / qualification standards that define teacher work through prominent elements of high quality and efficient teaching in the 21st century. students at teacher training colleges. In addition to the above, the paper will explain the relationship between the Occupational / Qualification Standards and the continuum of competencies on the example of the Teacher Module - Common Core Curriculum (CPL) based on learning outcomes, which as such should be implemented in all teacher education programs. The conclusion of the paper indicates the contribution of the Teacher Occupation Standard and the Qualification Standard teachers, created in the TABLA project, in defining a clear and uniform training of teachers during initial education, and establishing a transparent and objective system for monitoring, self-assessment, teacher evaluation and their advancement in the profession.