BACKGROUND Co-induction in anesthesia is very useful: synergistic effects of two inductional drugs may lower the dose regimen and the incidence of adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare two anesthesiological techniques for short-lasting gynecological procedures in outpatient anesthesia. A total of 80 patients scheduled for surgical termination of pregnancy were randomly assigned into two equal groups--control and co-induction group. METOHDS: The first group of patients received atropine 0.5 mg i.v., alfentanil 0.5 mg i.v. and propofol as a fractionated i.v. bolus until the loss of eyelash reflex. The second group received atropin 0.5 mg, alfentanil 0.5 mg, midazolam 3 mg and propofol in the same manner as the first group. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol increments. Cardiovascular parameters, parameters of post anesthesia recovery and the adverse effects were registered. RESULTS In patients receiving midazolam inductional dose of propofol was significantly lower, whereas cardiovascular parameters were not significantly different. The recovery after anesthesia was slightly longer after co-induction, but it was not of great clinical significance. The reduction of the adverse effects was found in the co-induction group. CONCLUSION The results of the study showed that co-induction of midazolam-propofol in comparison with propofol alone for outpatient anesthesia had the following advantages: the reduction of propofol dose, better quality of anesthesia and the reduction of the adverse effects. Recovery was faster in the group that didn't receive midazolam, but it was not of great clinical significance. The conclusion is that co-induction with the combination midazolam-propofol has the advantage in outpatient procedures.

Presbyopia is the condition in which a patient’s amplitude of accommodation has decreased to the point where clear or comfortable vision at the desired nearpoint is not obtainable (Figure 1). Presbyopia generally occurs if the amplitude of accommodation is less than five to two diopters.1 Throughout the literature the point at which presbyopia starts varies due to different definitions. The word presbyopia finds its origin in Greek,. where the prefix „presby“ means old and the suffix „opia“ refers to eyes. Therefore, presbyopia is sometimes referred to as the „old age vision“. Due to the demographic development of the world’s population the prevalence of presbyopia will increase from about 590 million today to one billion by the year 2020. It is an inevitable part of aging and should therefore get the proper attention from all the people working in the field of ophthalmology. ABSTRACT – Presbyopia is the progressive inability of the eye’s lens to change shape and focus clearly on near objects. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the symptoms, influencing factors in the progression of presbyopia, age-related changes of the eye, optical correction and surgical approaches to presbyopia. The age-related changes of the lens, the capsule, the ciliary muscle and the vitreous are well examined; however, a distinction whether those changes are a cause or a consequence of presbyopia cannot be made. The optical correction of presbyopia reaches from monovision, bifocals, trifocals to progressive lenses and contact lenses. Approaches to surgical techniques for correcting presbyopia include scleral expansion bands, radial sclerotomy, anterior ciliary sclerotomy, polymer injectable lenses, photodisruptive laser and accommodative IOLs. Milestone innovations can only be expected in the surgical field as the optical correction of presbyopia using spectacles and contact lenses has already reached extremely high quality levels and is limited by optical laws.

Les litteratures en arabe, turc et persan sont bien representees en Bosnie-Herzegovine, qui garde le souvenir de l'epoque ou elle faisait partie de l'empire ottoman. La bibliotheque Gazi Husrev Bey, la plus ancienne a Sarajevo, conserve une importante collection de manuscrits, qui a ete epargnee par la guerre de 1992-95 ; la publication du catalogue a pu reprendre en 1998. L'Institut oriental et ses 5263 manuscrits, ses documents d'archive qui comptaient plus de 300 000 unites, les inventaires et documents laisses par les chercheurs, a quant a lui ete totalement detruit en mai 1992. II existe d'autres collections plus petites, dont les catalogues sont en cours de redaction. La Bibliotheque nationale et universitaire a egalement ete detruite en 1992, mais le fonds de manuscrits, dont 400 sont orientaux, a pu etre sauve. Cependant leurs conditions de conservation ne sont pas bonnes et ils sont pas encore hors de danger.

U toku četverogodišnjeg rada (1996.-1999.) analizirana je kvalitativno-kvantitativna zastupljenost mikroorganizama u kravljem mlijeku po fazama proizvodnje i prerade. Ukupno je analizirano 840 uzoraka sirovog i pasteriziranog mlijeka i to: 672 uzorka sirovog mlijeka i 168 uzoraka pasteriziranog mlijeka. Ukupan broj mikroorganizama u sirovom mlijeku bio je od 2,2x10 do 4,9x10/ml, a u pasteriziranom mlijeku od 2,3x10 do 4,3x10/ml.