This project worked with concepts of indiscipline and discipline in public schools. The aim was to verify how adolescents define these concepts and what their value is in the present educational system. The differences of values between boys and girls and the type of family they belong were also verified. The sample was composed of fifty-four students from the fifth and the sixth grade of the Elementary school. Questionnaire and interview were used. According to the analyses, results showed that the student utilizes many references to define what indiscipline and discipline are. Differences in the gender and in the answers from disciplined and undisciplined students were observed. For most of the students, indiscipline was not considered a value, at least on the verbal level. Eight types of families were found and many objective data could be analyzed.

We develop a many-body description of ultrafast electron dynamics in surface bands appropriate for studying relaxation of hot electrons and holes excited in the processes of one- and two-photon photoemission and inverse photoemission from surfaces. The description is based on the formalism for calculation of quasiparticle survival probabilities combined with self-consistent treatment of the electronic response of the system. We show that the calculation of survival amplitudes which carry information on the quasiparticle decay and decoherence can be conveniently mapped onto the problem of renormalization of quasiparticles by the interactions with bosonized excitations constituting the system heatbath. Applying this approach to the benchmark Cu111 surface we are able to assess the regimes of preasymptotic non-Markovian quasiparticle dynamics in surface bands and locate transitions to the regime of exponential decay governed by the modified Fermi golden rule-type of transition rates. The general validity of these findings enables us to establish borderlines between different regimes of ultrafast electronic relaxation and on that basis to introduce a simple interpolation scheme for modeling of quasiparticle decay in the course of spectroscopic measurements.

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We review theoretical treatments of physisorption of Xe on Cu(111) and Pt(111) surfaces within the recently proposed extended density functional approach that explicitly takes into account the van der Waals interactions among the constituents of adsorption systems. Based on tests of the various currently used approximations for the density functionals, and of the different treatments of long-range correlation effects which we carried out for a prototype system of a Kr dimer, we have adopted in the present study the schemes that are appropriate to systems consisting of nearly isolated fragments. In this approach the coefficients of van der Waals expansion are deduced from the DFT calculations of intrafragment electronic densities. Such generalized DFT calculations of potential energy surfaces yield a structure of Xe adlayers in good agreement with experiments and retrieve the dilation of the commensurate monolayer phase with strongly reduced intralayer Xe–Xe radial force constants. This approach provides a first principles interpretation of the observed vibrational properties of commensurate adlayers of Xe physisorbed on Cu(111) and Pt(111) surfaces.