Background and Goal of Study: Patient’s satisfaction is one of the rel- evant and important indicator in evaluating quality of medical care in general. Endotracheal tube (ETT) and LMA classic are both effective, realible and safe; intubation is old gold standard,more safe but more agressive and LMA classic is relativly new,with limited indications,less safe and less agressive. Postoperative comfor,releted to laryngopharyngeal morbidity is still not exactly defined for each devices of airway menagement beacause of dificulty in measuring it. Materials and Methods: We compare postoperative comfor and laryngoharyngeal morbidity by patient’s self evaluation, using ‘‘face to face’’ and ‘‘self- releted’’ ques- tionaire on 4h and 24h after surgery, investigating general satisfaction, sore throat, difficulty of swallowing and hoarsness. The study is clinical,prospective,randomised and single blinde, with only one, experiensed, anestesiologist to perform anethesia and to be investigator. Seventy patients divided in two groups by LMA and ETT, ASA physical status class I or II, aged 18-60 yr, Mallampati I or II, no smokers, BMI < 30 kg/m2 undergoing elective abdominal, gynegological and orthopedic surgery, and urological endoscopic interventions, lasting one hour. Results and Discussion: Groups were homogen by few caracteristics pos- sible to influent postoperative discomfor: sex, age, number of insertion attempts and educational level releted to understanding and way of ansering questions. General feelings of satisfaction: 17 patients decler exellent in LMA group and only 8 in ETT group. There were no hoarsness in LMA groupe, only two patients in ETT group after 4h. Sore throath was presented by six patients in LMA groupe, comparing to 12 patients in ETT groupe after 4h. After 24 hours in each group were 10 patients with above mentioned simptom. In LMA groupe dysphagia had 2 patients and 5 in ETT groupe after 4h. After 24h there were 6 patients in LMA groupe,without any in ETT groupe. Conclusion(s): There were no significant differences regarding postoperative comfor between anesthesia with the LMA or intubation on the day of surgery and first postoperative day. Also, there were no specific laringofaryngeal mor- bidity model folowing LMA insertion comparing the intubation. peculiarities. Intubation in the lateral position is more difficult than in supine position. The use of the supraglottic airway devices allows a new approach for these situations. The aim of our study is to evaluate the difficulty of insertion of the supraglottic airway device i-gel in the lateral position. Materials and Methods: We included ASA I-II patients without predicted difficult airway undergoing scheduled surgery with general anesthesia. We divided them in two groups, those in whom surgery was performed in the supine position and a second group of the lateral (right and left) position. Anaesthesia was induced with the patient already in the chosen position for the surgical procedure. Both groups were monitored with a non invasive standard monitoring, and after three minutes of preoxigenation, we started the anaesthetic induction with fentanil, propofol and rocuronium. After the confirmation of suitable neuromuscular blockade by means of the TOF, an expert anaesthesiologist inserted the i-gel. We assessed the number of attempts that are needed, as well as the time of the performance. The peak pressure in the airway and the tidal volume were recorded in both groups. presented as mean ± SD. Failure for the i-gel insertion at the first attemp occurred in 1 patient of each group (6,5%) and the mean time for proper i-gel insertion was similar in both group.

By means of ab initio calculations and spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy experiments the creation of a complex energy dependent magnetic structure with a tailored spin-polarized interface is demonstrated. We show this novel effect by adsorbing organic molecules containing π(p(z)) electrons onto a magnetic surface. The hybridization of the out-of-plane p(z) atomic-type orbitals with the d states of the metal leads to the inversion of the spin polarization at the organic site due to a p(z)-d Zener exchange-type mechanism. As a key result, we demonstrate the possibility to selectively and efficiently inject spin-up and spin-down electrons from a ferromagnetic-organic interface, an effect which can be exploited in future spintronic devices.

We investigate the spin- and energy-dependent tunneling through a single organic molecule (CoPc) adsorbed on a ferromagnetic Fe thin film, spatially resolved by low-temperature spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. Interestingly, the metal ion as well as the organic ligand show a significant spin dependence of tunneling current flow. State-of-the-art ab initio calculations including also van der Waals interactions reveal a strong hybridization of molecular orbitals and substrate 3d states. The molecule is anionic due to a transfer of one electron, resulting in a nonmagnetic (S=0) state. Nevertheless, tunneling through the molecule exhibits a pronounced spin dependence due to spin-split molecule-surface hybrid states.

The aim of this study was to compare the tannin concentration of young common and tartary buckwheat plants. Tannins are a group of polyphenols, formed as secondary metabolites in plants. Tannins are known as antioxidants and have chemoprotective potential. They occur in many fruits and drinks, such as tea, beer, wine and juices, making them significant in human nutrition. Concentration of tannins was high in upper leaves of tartary buckwheat and in young plants of common buckwheat cv. Bosanka. There are interesting differences between tannin concentration in Bosanka young plants and tartary and Darja buckwheat young plants.

The application of intelligent controllers such as neural networks and fuzzy controllers in technical systems is increasing. The main reason for this lies in the fact that intelligent controllers do not require knowing the exact mathematical model parameters of the controlled process. On the other hand, a great downside to this type of control is that stability cannot be proved. Technical systems often exhibit nonlinear behaviour which can be described with elementary nonlinear elements such as hysteresis and/or dead zones. This paper presents the use of the describing function as a means of analysis of systems with neural networks and dominant nonlinearities. The equivalent describing function can then be used for stability analysis using, for example, the Popov criterion.